Biological Networks: Rainforests, Coral Reefs, and the Galapagos Islands PDF Download
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Author: Sonia Kleindorfer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
This is the eBook version of the printed book. If the print book includes a CD-ROM, this content is not included within the eBook version. Biology remains the most extensive and complex information network on the planet. Th.
Author: Sonia Kleindorfer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Get Book Here
Book Description
This is the eBook version of the printed book. If the print book includes a CD-ROM, this content is not included within the eBook version. Biology remains the most extensive and complex information network on the planet. Th.
Author: Sonia Kleindorfer
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0137015356
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Biology remains the most extensive and complex information network on the planet. This chapter examines the nature of biological networks, including their inherent stability and risks to their resilience. After a general introduction exploring networks and biological systems, this chapter reviews (1) the evolution of biological networks; (2) principles that govern biological networks; and (3) measures of stability, productivity, and efficiency in biological networks. The authors use examples from food (energy) transfer in rainforests and coral reefs, as well as the creation of a biological network through colonization in Darwin’s Finches of the Galapagos Islands. Research shows that while large biological networks are inherently unstable, some are more stable than others.
Author: Russell E. Palmer
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 013701533X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Global networks of firms are rapidly replacing top-down, hierarchical organizations. Such networks, thanks to information technology and global communications systems, can respond to changes in international demand faster and more flexibly than rigid corporate organizations of the past. But by drawing together diverse cultures and individuals, these networks present new challenges to leaders. Traditional styles of leadership are not enough for this emerging environment. The kind of leadership style that leads to efficient execution in these global networks is different from the “do it and do it now” approach that might work in hierarchical organizations. Based on the author’s experience in the leading global accounting firm Touche Ross, serving as dean of the Wharton School, and heading his own corporate investment firm, this chapter discusses leadership in a networked, global environment.
Author: Jan W. Rivkin
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0137015054
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
Managers often must make decisions that depend on decisions in other parts of the organization. These interactions create a network of interdependent choices and make strategizing difficult. In this chapter, the authors explore the intersection between organizing and strategizing. Motivated by real examples that run contrary to conventional wisdom, the authors examine how firms organize themselves to strategize well. In particular, they examine “premature lock-in”--how a firm’s strategizing efforts can become stuck in a web of conflicting constraints prematurely, before managers have explored a wide enough range of possibilities. A key role of organizing is to free strategizing efforts and encourage broad search. At the same time, organizing must ensure that strategizing efforts stabilize after the firm discovers an effective set of choices. Balancing search and stability, the authors argue, is a central challenge of organizing. They explore this challenge with an agent-based simulation that shows (1) how a change in organizational structure[md]for example, a shift from decentralization to integration[md]may reflect not a reversal of early mistakes but an effective sequence of organizing; and (2) why firms may benefit from unnecessary overlap between departments. They conclude that a period of decentralization and unnecessary overlap can be seen as organizational mechanisms to ensure the broad, early search that a firm needs in order to cope with interactions among strategic decisions.
Author:
Publisher: Pearson Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0137015291
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
Author: Steven O. Kimbrough
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0137015372
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers computational methodologies for modeling systems, which can be valuable in understanding networks. In this chapter, the author examines several types of applications of these methods in exploring how the behavior of individual agents leads to outcomes across networks. For example, he considers how one system, based on a Prisoner’s Dilemma that provides a higher payoff for players who don’t cooperate, can result in a surprising outcome in which cooperation dominates after many rounds of play. He also considers agent-based models--including turtles in a pond, showing discrimination effects; and sugar and spice trading, showing interactions through trading. Finally, he explores applications to ant colony optimization and swarming optimization of flocks of birds or schools of fish. He concludes that computational models offer important insights into networks, and the procedures used in modeling have a significant impact. The discussion also demonstrates that “networks matter,” affecting outcomes in sometimes unpredictable ways.
Author: Paul R. Kleindorfer
Publisher: Pearson Prentice Hall
ISBN: 0137011911
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 590
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Book Description
While managers typically view business through the lens of a single firm, this book challenges readers to take a broader view of their enterprises and opportunities. Here, more than 50 leading thinkers in business and many other disciplines take on the challenge of understanding, managing, and leveraging networks.
Author: Christophe Van den Bulte
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0137015097
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 37
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Book Description
Social networks and word-of-mouth marketing are increasingly important, yet few current practices are based on a deep understanding of how the structure of networks can affect customer behavior and marketing outcomes. This chapter offers some critical observations on current word-of-mouth marketing practices and identifies four key questions that managers need to ask themselves before engaging in campaigns designed to leverage customer networks: Can we be confident that interpersonal influence or social contagion is really important? Why exactly would social contagion occur? Should we target key influentials? Can we identify and target those influentials? The answers to these questions cannot be taken for granted.
Author: Witold J. Henisz
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0137015550
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
From oil companies seeking rights to drill to consumer products firms attempting to forestall a consumer boycott, organizations often seek to influence political or social policy to achieve their own objectives. But to exert this influence, they need to understand the structure of political and social networks. In this chapter, Witold Henisz examines how information about the structure of political and social networks can be integrated into data acquisition and analysis, as well as strategy implementation. Although sophisticated companies have long relied on an informal understanding of networks of informants to gather information about social and political actors at home and abroad, the analysis of the information and design of an influence strategy has too often occurred without reference to that structure. As Henisz points out, a more rigorous approach to analysis is transforming political and social risk management from art to quasi-formal science. This chapter outlines the past, present, and future frontiers of political and social risk management with particular attention to using an understanding of the network structure of diverse actors in perceiving, analyzing, and influencing the political and social environment.
Author: Franklin Allen
Publisher: Pearson Education
ISBN: 0137015518
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Modern financial systems exhibit a high degree of interdependence, with connections between financial institutions stemming from both the asset and the liability sides of their balance sheets. Networks--broadly understood as a collection of nodes and links between nodes--can be a useful representation of financial systems. By modeling economic interactions, network analysis can better explain certain economic phenomena. In this chapter, Allen and Babus argue that the use of network theories can enrich our understanding of financial systems. They explore several critical issues. First, they address the issue of systemic risk, by studying two questions: how resilient financial networks are to contagion, and how financial institutions form connections when exposed to the risk of contagion. Second, they consider how network theory can be used to explain freezes in the interbank market. Third, they examine how social networks can improve investment decisions and corporate governance, based on recent empirical results. Fourth, they examine the role of networks in distributing primary issues of securities. Finally, they consider the role of networks as a form of mutual monitoring, as in microfinance.
