Biodiesel Production from High FFA Feedstock Using a Membrane Reactor PDF Download
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Author: Raghda Hasswa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Author: Raghda Hasswa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Author: Jie Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : University of Ottawa theses
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Author: Jiarong Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Biodiesel is the most successful drop-in biofuel used in transportation. It can reduce GHG emissions in transportation by 50 to 90% depending on the type of feedstock used. Waste cooking oils and fats containing free fatty acids (FFA) are less expensive feedstocks for biodiesel production than refined vegetable oils. The major issue that limits the use of these oils as feedstock is the interference of FFAs with widely used base catalyzed reaction processes. The FFAs consume base catalyst, produce water of neutralization and form soaps that create emulsions downstream in the process reducing process yields. There is an important need to develop technologies that reduce the FFA content in these oils to below 0.5 wt%; the accepted limit for a feedstock to be processed by the base catalysed reaction. Enzymes are an efficient and environmentally friendly catalyst for FFA esterification. However, they are prone to deactivation with methanol and also catalyze the hydrolysis of esters and triglycerides to FFA. Using them to pre-treat oils and fats remains a challenge: in the presence of water, enzymes can readily produce FFAs from lipids. The objective of this work was to investigate two enzymatic processes to pre-treat acidic oil below the FFA requirement of 0.5 wt%. In this study, two different continuous systems, a packed bed reactor (PBR) and membrane reactor (MR) were used in FFA enzymatic esterification to meet the 0.5 wt% requirement, improve the reusability of enzymes and reduce catalyst cost. The esterification in the PBR was carried out using CALB immobilized on a new 2D/3D nanoplatelet support (TAN). The enzyme was covalently bonded to the TAN using a hydrophobic epoxy ligand. Acidic oil containing canola oil and 2.5 wt% FFA was used as the feedstock for the esterification. It was found that the FFA concentration met the quality specification of
Author: Aminul Islam
Publisher: Momentum Press
ISBN: 1606505033
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
The important strategic issue of the 21st century states that the struggle for existence is the struggle for sustainable energy. In the last few years, the interest in renewable fuels has increased dramatically due to high demand of energy and the limitation of fossil fuel. Given the rapidly increasing demand for energy which is projected to double by mid-21st century, it is expected that biodiesels will become an important part of the global energy mix and make a significant contribution to meeting energy demand. This valuable book gives a critical review on the recently emerged process intensification technologies for biodiesel production as well as the various methods for assessing biodiesel fuel quality. You will also learn about monitoring the transesterification reaction with advantages and drawbacks. The authors offer suggestions on selection of appropriate methods, which could provide a thrilling adventure ahead for all interested scientists, making this book of particular interest to biochemical engineers, academics, post graduate and graduate students, and industrial researchers.
Author: Lesly N. Lesmes Sanchez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Commercial production of biodiesel from refined vegetable oils has been widely practiced. However, more economic raw materials are required in order to make biodiesel competitive in the fuel market. This is a challenge since low-cost lipid feedstock contains high concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) and water, which inhibit transesterification. This work investigates new catalyst combinations and method configuration to develop a cost-effective and suitable process utilizing refined canola oil and canola oil with high oleic acid content. Results suggest that potassium carbonate is more tolerant to water in the feed and enhances phase separation when compared to traditional catalyst, potassium hydroxide. A semi-batch reactor operating mode was tested and compared to conventional batch in two-step esterification-transesterification process to investigate mixing effects. Based on experimental results, esterification conversion close to 99% is achieved by using sulphuric acid as catalyst and a biodiesel yield of 93.6% is obtained after transesterification employing a combination of potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide as catalysts. Chemical characterization revealed that the two-step process is effective in the production of biodiesel from high FFA feedstock leading to an up to standard quality product.
Author: Anton Alexandru Kiss
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319035541
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
This book is among the first to address the novel process intensification technologies for biodiesel production, in particular the integrated reactive separations. It provides a comprehensive overview illustrated with many industrially relevant examples of novel reactive separation processes used in the production of biodiesel (e.g. fatty acid alkyl esters): reactive distillation, reactive absorption, reactive extraction, membrane reactors, and centrifugal contact separators. Readers will also learn about the working principles, design and control of integrated processes, while also getting a relevant and modern overview of the process intensification opportunities for biodiesel synthesis. Biodiesel is a biodegradable and renewable fuel that currently enjoys much attention. In spite of the recent advances, the existing biodiesel processes still suffer from problems associated with the use of homogeneous catalysts (e.g. salt waste streams) and the key limitations imposed by the chemical reaction equilibrium, thus leading to severe economic and environmental penalties. The integration of reaction and separation into one operating unit overcomes equilibrium limitations and provides key benefits such as low capital investment and operating costs. Many of these processes can be further enhanced by heat-integration and powered by heterogeneous catalysts, to eliminate all conventional catalyst related operations, using the raw materials efficiently and the reaction volume, while offering high conversion and selectivity, and significant energy savings. The targeted audience of this book includes both academia (students and researchers) and industry (project leaders, technology managers, researchers, biodiesel producers, and equipment suppliers).
Author: Gerhard Knothe
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0983507260
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
The second edition of this invaluable handbook covers converting vegetable oils, animal fats, and used oils into biodiesel fuel. The Biodiesel Handbook delivers solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the status of the biodiesel industry worldwide. - Incorporates the major research and other developments in the world of biodiesel in a comprehensive and practical format - Includes reference materials and tables on biodiesel standards, unit conversions, and technical details in four appendices - Presents details on other uses of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats
Author: R. Geetha Balakrishna
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1837670609
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
Focusing on recent advances in the areas of feedstocks, production processes and testing and enhancement of the properties of biodiesel this book provides a balance between academic and industrial viewpoints across a range of topics.
Author: R Luque
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0857095862
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Biodiesel is one of the main biofuels capable of substituting fossil fuel usage in compression ignition vehicles, and is used in a variety of fuel blends worldwide. First-generation biodiesel has been used in national markets for some time, with fuel quality standards in place for this purpose. There remain, however, several restrictions to sustainable and long term market development, which is influenced by many factors, including food vs. fuel pressures. The development of new generations of biodiesel, aimed at more sustainable and effective feedstock utilisation alongside improved production efficiency and fuel quality, is critical to the future both of this industry and of the continuing use of biodiesel fuels in transportation.This book provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies. Part one reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards. This coverage is extended in Part two, with chapters focussing on the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Advances in biodiesel production a standard reference for chemical, biochemical and industrial process engineers, as well as scientists and researchers in this important field. - Provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies - Reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards - Discusses the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies
Author: Meisam Tabatabaei
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030009858
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
This book presents in-depth information on the state of the art of global biodiesel production and investigates its impact on climate change. Subsequently, it comprehensively discusses biodiesel production in terms of production systems (reactor technologies) as well as biodiesel purification and upgrading technologies. Moreover, the book reviews essential parameters in biodiesel production systems as well as major principles of operation, process control, and trouble-shooting in these systems. Conventional and emerging applications of biodiesel by-products with a view to further economize biodiesel production are also scrutinized. Separate chapters are dedicated to economic risk analysis and critical comparison of biodiesel production systems as well as techno-economical aspects of biodiesel plants. The book also thoroughly investigates the important aspects of biodiesel production and combustion by taking advantage of advanced sustainability analysis tools including life cycle assessment (LCA) and exergy techniques. In closing, the application of Omics technologies in biodiesel production is presented and discussed. This book is relevant to anyone with an interest in renewable, more sustainable fuel and energy solutions.
