Biodegradation of the Fuel Oxygenate, Methyl Tert-butyl Ether (IMTBE), and Treatment of MTBE Contaminated Ground Water in Laboratory Scale Reactors PDF Download
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Author: Keeyong Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Author: Keeyong Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
The aerobic biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a widely used fuel oxygenate, was investigated using an innovative pilot-scale biomass-retaining bioreactor called a Biomass Concentrator Reactor (BCR). The BCR was developed based on the porous pot reactor design that proved effective in remediating co-mingled groundwater contaminated with MTBE, gasoline hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and p-xylene), and several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The BCR was operated for approximately five years treating flow rates as high as 5000 L/d of dechlorinated tap water spiked with MTBE alone, MTBE + BTEX, and MTBE + BTEX + other gasoline oxygenates (di-isopropyl ether, tert-amyl methyl ether, tert-amyl alcohol, and ethyl tert-butyl ether). The bioreactor affected excellent removal of all the aforementioned contaminants throughout the study, with effluent concentrations always lower than the 5 [micro-]g/L Drinking Water advisory set for MTBE in California. The BCR proved its resilience to fluctuations in environmental and substrate conditions. The field applicability of this novel design was then investigated with a full-scale BCR that was used to remediate groundwater contaminated with gasoline from a leaking underground storage tank in Pascoag, RI. The field BCR demonstrated its effectiveness at removing all the contaminants of concern (MTBE, BTEX, DIPE, TAME, TAA, tert-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl formate, methanol, and acetone) down to less than 5 [micro-]g/L. In addition, the reactor effluent was found to be of better quality than the influent groundwater as reflected from dissolved organic carbon analysis, a significant characteristic if the treated water were to be used for drinking purposes since it represents a significant reduction in trihalomethane (THM) precursors prior to disinfection. Molecular analysis of the microbial community populating the pilot- and field-scale bioreactors was performed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction amplified 16s rDNA. Both reactors were found to be inhabited by a wide spectrum of bacterial species, most notably Hydrogenophaga flava and PM1 in the pilot BCR and Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, and Sphingobacterium species in the field BCR.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Butyl methyl ether
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Butyl methyl ether
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Author: Damià Barceló
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540726411
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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This book deals mainly with the problems associated with the contamination of groundwater by MTBE and TBA, but ETBE is also considered. The book, written by recognized specialists in the field, is organized in sections covering state-of-the-art analytical methods, including specific isotopic analysis, occurrence in the environment, transport and degradation processes, treatment technologies and human health risks.
Author: Laura K. G. Youngster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Butyl methyl ether
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Groundwater contamination with the synthetic fuel oxygenate, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), is an extensive problem. Microbial mediated biodegradation holds promise as a tool for remediation of contaminated water supplies. However, MTBE biotransformation processes are slow and MTBE degrading organisms are difficult to isolate, creating challenges relating to site assessment, enhancement of natural attenuation and monitoring bioremediation in situ. In this study we analyzed MTBE degrading cultures using a variety of isolation independent techniques. A majority of the experiments used previously established anaerobic enrichment cultures that had been maintained on MTBE for several years. We demonstrated that low concentrations of some aryl O-methyl ether compounds enhanced the rate of MTBE degradation. Propyl iodide caused a light-reversible inhibition of MTBE depletion, suggesting that the anaerobic MTBE O-demethylation reaction was corrinoid dependent. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes from one anaerobic MTBE degrading enrichment culture showed a phylogenetically diverse population with no exact matches to previously isolated or described species. Stable isotope probing experiments verified that microorganisms from anaerobic MTBE degrading enrichment culture used 13C from 13C-MTBE for growth and cell division and that a particular subpopulation assimilated this carbon prior to the rest of the population. We also analyzed carbon and hydrogen stable isotope fractionation occurring during MTBE degradation. In anaerobic cultures, substantial fractionation of hydrogen was found only in cultures supplied with syringic acid during MTBE degradation, providing the first experimental suggestion of multiple anaerobic MTBE O-demethylation mechanisms. During aerobic MTBE degradation by the psychrophilic bacterium, Variovorax paradoxus, carbon and hydrogen fractionation were not influenced by incubation temperature during degradation. This work represents a significant contribution to the current body of knowledge about MTBE degradation and the data presented will be useful in many aspects of studying, enhancing and monitoring MTBE degradation under a variety of conditions.
Author: Wenhua Ye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Volatile organic compounds
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
Gasoline additive Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether (MTBE) contaminated ground waters have been a problem nation wide with spills and leaky underground storage tanks. Biodegradation has been implemented under certain favorable environmental conditions. The biodegradation rates have been affected by treatments of nutrients, magnesium peroxide (oxygen), ethanol, temperature, pH and MTBE concentrations. This study was conducted to find the indigenous microorganisms which can degrade MTBE and assess how environmental factors would affect the biodegradation rates. This study compared MTBE biodegradation of the indigenous soil microorganisms with that of pure bacteria Methylobacterium mesophilicum, a well known MTBE degrade. In the pure culture Methylobacterium mesophilicum study, magnesium peroxide was found to enhance the MTBE biodegradation rate. However, ethanol was found to inhibit the biodegradation of MTBE, perhaps because it was degraded more easily and its metabolism decreased oxygen availability. In the soil microorganisms study, both magnesium peroxide and ethanol were found to enhance the MTBE biodegradation rates significantly. Co-metabolism between MTBE and ethanol may be possible in soil microorganisms.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Butyl methyl ether
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Author: Ali Medella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Methyl tert butyl ether is an oxygenate added to gasoline to increase the octane rating and improve gasoline combustion. Assessment of MTBE biodegradation under aerobic conditions is conducted in Lab-scale Biomass Concentrator Reactors (BCRs). The Biomass Concentrator Reactors are miniature scale modified BCRs similar to the one operated at field-scale in Rhode Island. The BCRs were operated under high flow rates, 78.27 l/day and 137.5 l/day of dechlorinated tap Water, containing high concentrations of MTBE and other gasoline additives namely DIPE (di-isopropyl ether), ETBE (ethyl tert butyl ether), TAME (tert amyl methyl ether), TAA (tert amyl alcohol) and gasoline constituents BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene and p-Xylene). The BCRs were effective in the removal of the aforementioned contaminants to concentrations less than 5 ug/l, which is the California drinking water advisory for MTBE. A tracer study was also conducted on the reactors; and a mathematical model that describes the hydraulic flow rates within the reactors was obtained. Finally, the performance of the BCRs was investigated under shock loading and intermittence of feeding (starvation tests) of the contaminants of concern to evaluate the propensity of the reactor recovery. The BCRs were found resilient to fluctuations in substrate conditions.
Author: Xiaolin Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Butanol
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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