Author: Saad Z. Mikhail
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beta rays
Languages : en
Pages : 126
Book Description
Absorbed beta-radiation dose expected from fallout particles deposited on the skin was estimated by use of the Beta Transmission, Degradation and Dissipation (TDD) model and a Condensed-State Diffusion-Controlled model that describes the mechanism of fission-product absorption in fallout. A fission density of 10 to the 15th power fissions per cubic centimeter of fallout material was assumed. Comparison of computed doses with the most recent experimental data relative to skin response to beta-energy deposition leads to the conclusion that even for fallout arrival times as early as 1000 seconds (16.7 minutes post-detonation), no skin ulceration is expected from single particles 500 micron or less in diameter. Absorbed gamma doses calculated for one particle size (100 microns) show a beta-to-gamma ratio of about 15. Dose ratio for larger particle sizes will be smaller. Doses from arrays of fallout particles of different size distributions were computed, also, for several fallout mass deposition densities; time intervals required to accumulate doses sufficient to initiate skin lesions were calculated. These times depend strongly on the assumed fallout-particle-size distribution. Deposition densities in excess of 100 mg per square foot of the skin will cause beta burns if fallout arrival time is less than about three hours, unless the particles are relatively coarse (mean particle diameter more than 250 microns). (Author).
Beta-radiation Doses from Fallout Particles Deposited on the Skin
Author: Saad Z. Mikhail
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beta rays
Languages : en
Pages : 126
Book Description
Absorbed beta-radiation dose expected from fallout particles deposited on the skin was estimated by use of the Beta Transmission, Degradation and Dissipation (TDD) model and a Condensed-State Diffusion-Controlled model that describes the mechanism of fission-product absorption in fallout. A fission density of 10 to the 15th power fissions per cubic centimeter of fallout material was assumed. Comparison of computed doses with the most recent experimental data relative to skin response to beta-energy deposition leads to the conclusion that even for fallout arrival times as early as 1000 seconds (16.7 minutes post-detonation), no skin ulceration is expected from single particles 500 micron or less in diameter. Absorbed gamma doses calculated for one particle size (100 microns) show a beta-to-gamma ratio of about 15. Dose ratio for larger particle sizes will be smaller. Doses from arrays of fallout particles of different size distributions were computed, also, for several fallout mass deposition densities; time intervals required to accumulate doses sufficient to initiate skin lesions were calculated. These times depend strongly on the assumed fallout-particle-size distribution. Deposition densities in excess of 100 mg per square foot of the skin will cause beta burns if fallout arrival time is less than about three hours, unless the particles are relatively coarse (mean particle diameter more than 250 microns). (Author).
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beta rays
Languages : en
Pages : 126
Book Description
Absorbed beta-radiation dose expected from fallout particles deposited on the skin was estimated by use of the Beta Transmission, Degradation and Dissipation (TDD) model and a Condensed-State Diffusion-Controlled model that describes the mechanism of fission-product absorption in fallout. A fission density of 10 to the 15th power fissions per cubic centimeter of fallout material was assumed. Comparison of computed doses with the most recent experimental data relative to skin response to beta-energy deposition leads to the conclusion that even for fallout arrival times as early as 1000 seconds (16.7 minutes post-detonation), no skin ulceration is expected from single particles 500 micron or less in diameter. Absorbed gamma doses calculated for one particle size (100 microns) show a beta-to-gamma ratio of about 15. Dose ratio for larger particle sizes will be smaller. Doses from arrays of fallout particles of different size distributions were computed, also, for several fallout mass deposition densities; time intervals required to accumulate doses sufficient to initiate skin lesions were calculated. These times depend strongly on the assumed fallout-particle-size distribution. Deposition densities in excess of 100 mg per square foot of the skin will cause beta burns if fallout arrival time is less than about three hours, unless the particles are relatively coarse (mean particle diameter more than 250 microns). (Author).
An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309058953
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 78
Book Description
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309058953
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 78
Book Description
Adverse Reproductive Outcomes in Families of Atomic Veterans
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309176115
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Book Description
Over the past several decades, public concern over exposure to ionizing radiation has increased. This concern has manifested itself in different ways depending on the perception of risk to different individuals and different groups and the circumstances of their exposure. One such group are those U.S. servicemen (the "Atomic Veterans" who participated in the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site or in the Pacific Proving Grounds, who served with occupation forces in or near Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or who were prisoners of war in or near those cities at the time of, or shortly after, the atomic bombings. This book addresses the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study to determine if there is an increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes in the spouses, children, and grandchildren of the Atomic Veterans.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309176115
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 107
Book Description
Over the past several decades, public concern over exposure to ionizing radiation has increased. This concern has manifested itself in different ways depending on the perception of risk to different individuals and different groups and the circumstances of their exposure. One such group are those U.S. servicemen (the "Atomic Veterans" who participated in the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site or in the Pacific Proving Grounds, who served with occupation forces in or near Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or who were prisoners of war in or near those cities at the time of, or shortly after, the atomic bombings. This book addresses the feasibility of conducting an epidemiologic study to determine if there is an increased risk of adverse reproductive outcomes in the spouses, children, and grandchildren of the Atomic Veterans.
Structure Shielding Against Fallout Gamma Rays from Nuclear Detonations
Author: Lewis Van Clief Spencer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civil defense
Languages : en
Pages : 992
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civil defense
Languages : en
Pages : 992
Book Description
Low-level Radiation
Author: United States. Department of Energy. Technical Information Center
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiation
Languages : en
Pages : 740
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radiation
Languages : en
Pages : 740
Book Description
Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology
Author: A. Wallace Hayes
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1842145371
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2184
Book Description
Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable reference to the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new sixth edition has been revised and updated while maintaining the same high standards that have made this volume a benchmark resource in the field. With new authors and new chap
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1842145371
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2184
Book Description
Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable reference to the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new sixth edition has been revised and updated while maintaining the same high standards that have made this volume a benchmark resource in the field. With new authors and new chap
Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309096103
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431
Book Description
The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer.
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309096103
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 431
Book Description
The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) was set up by Congress in 1990 to compensate people who have been diagnosed with specified cancers and chronic diseases that could have resulted from exposure to nuclear-weapons tests at various U.S. test sites. Eligible claimants include civilian onsite participants, downwinders who lived in areas currently designated by RECA, and uranium workers and ore transporters who meet specified residence or exposure criteria. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), which oversees the screening, education, and referral services program for RECA populations, asked the National Academies to review its program and assess whether new scientific information could be used to improve its program and determine if additional populations or geographic areas should be covered under RECA. The report recommends Congress should establish a new science-based process using a method called "probability of causation/assigned share" (PC/AS) to determine eligibility for compensation. Because fallout may have been higher for people outside RECA-designated areas, the new PC/AS process should apply to all residents of the continental US, Alaska, Hawaii, and overseas US territories who have been diagnosed with specific RECA-compensable diseases and who may have been exposed, even in utero, to radiation from U.S. nuclear-weapons testing fallout. However, because the risks of radiation-induced disease are generally low at the exposure levels of concern in RECA populations, in most cases it is unlikely that exposure to radioactive fallout was a substantial contributing cause of cancer.
Nuclear Science Abstracts
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 1684
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 1684
Book Description
NBS Special Publication
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 984
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Weights and measures
Languages : en
Pages : 984
Book Description
The Effects of Nuclear Weapons
Author: Samuel Glasstone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atomic bomb
Languages : en
Pages : 664
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atomic bomb
Languages : en
Pages : 664
Book Description