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Author: Alois Nowotny
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146844364X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 582
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Book Description
The study of endotoxins has undergone cycles of enthusiastic research followed by neglect and revival again due to newly described biological effects attributed to endotoxins. It is almost a generally applicable rule that both extremes in such fluctuations in the popularity of certain re search fields are unjustified. It is obvious that exaggerated expectations will lead to disappointments, and complete neglect of a once-exciting field is to be followed by renewed attention, if the scientific basis of earlier interest was solid and remained so throughout. The healing ef fect of fever was praised as nature's blessed cure, until it was discov ered that it is caused by bacteria. When it became evident that by careful application one can arrive at therapeutic doses without intro ducing shock and hypotension, the era of fever therapy began. During this time, indiscriminate use of pyrogens was so widespread that the high expectations had to be followed by disillusionment. Since then, in terest in endotoxins experienced a few more oscillations, with varying wavelengths and amplitudes, the latest being triggered by the mitotic effect of endotoxin. This led to justified excitement among researchers who study the activation of the cells of the lymphatic system and the consequences thereof, including the release of important mediator mol ecules. Fever therapy is passe, but the healing that often followed the ap plication of endotoxins remains a well-documented fact.
Author: Alois Nowotny
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146844364X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 582
Get Book Here
Book Description
The study of endotoxins has undergone cycles of enthusiastic research followed by neglect and revival again due to newly described biological effects attributed to endotoxins. It is almost a generally applicable rule that both extremes in such fluctuations in the popularity of certain re search fields are unjustified. It is obvious that exaggerated expectations will lead to disappointments, and complete neglect of a once-exciting field is to be followed by renewed attention, if the scientific basis of earlier interest was solid and remained so throughout. The healing ef fect of fever was praised as nature's blessed cure, until it was discov ered that it is caused by bacteria. When it became evident that by careful application one can arrive at therapeutic doses without intro ducing shock and hypotension, the era of fever therapy began. During this time, indiscriminate use of pyrogens was so widespread that the high expectations had to be followed by disillusionment. Since then, in terest in endotoxins experienced a few more oscillations, with varying wavelengths and amplitudes, the latest being triggered by the mitotic effect of endotoxin. This led to justified excitement among researchers who study the activation of the cells of the lymphatic system and the consequences thereof, including the release of important mediator mol ecules. Fever therapy is passe, but the healing that often followed the ap plication of endotoxins remains a well-documented fact.
Author: Kevin L. Williams
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
This source expertly examines the discovery, biological structure, control, and continued clarification of endotoxin from a parenteral manufacturing perspective, with in-depth discussion of state-of-the-art technologies involving Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) such as assay development, automation, depyrogenation. Completely revised and expanded, this Third Edition contains the knowledge necessary to apply endotoxin testing in the increasingly complex pharmaceutical environment, featuring sections detailing the latest information regarding clinical advances, regulation standards, and validation procedures for computerized kinetic tests.
Author: A. Szentivanyi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
Endotoxins are constituents of all gram negative bacteria, as well as many other microorganisms. Since their original discovery and study at the beginning and middle parts of this century, many investigations have been performed concerning their immunochemistry and physicochemistry, as well as their pharmacologic activities and physiologic effects on the host. It became widely recognized during the beginning of this century that the pyrogenicity of many microbial infections may be associated with endotoxins. Furthermore, some 80 years ago, attempts were begun to "treat" a variety of illnesses including neoplasia, with such "pyrogens", Le. , bacterial endo toxins. Inconclusive results were observed including some detrimental ones as well as, in some cases, beneficial ones. It became widely accepted that during infections with many gram negative organisms the fever occurring in patients, as well as many of the untoward pathophysiological effects of the infections, seemed to be due to the endotoxin the bacteria contained or released. In this regard, septic shock has been studied in detail by many clinicians, physiologists and pharmacologists and attempts have been made to relate the devastating effects of infection on metabolic and physiologic alterations caused by endotoxins. Recently, however, many beneficial effects of endotoxin have also been studied.
Author: A. Szentivanyi
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461322542
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 534
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Book Description
Author: Burim N. Ametaj
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319430335
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
This book summarizes the results achieved so far by application of various biological systems (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) involved in the pathomechanisms and early diagnosis of periparturient diseases as specific biomarkers of disease in cattle. These emerging technologies help to extensively enhance our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows. The book includes a chapter dedicated to ‘omics’ sciences and one that discusses the myths established in animal and veterinary sciences in recent decades and emerging, new paradigms. The diseases discussed include metritis, mastitis, laminitis, ketosis, rumen acidosis, periparturient immunosuppression, gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in disease, infertility, fatty liver, milk fever, and retained placenta. This book is intended for academics, veterinarians, animal nutritionists, researchers, and graduate students working in the field of ‘omics sciences’ with a special interest in dairy cattle health.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309091934
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
Almost all homes, apartments, and commercial buildings will experience leaks, flooding, or other forms of excessive indoor dampness at some point. Not only is excessive dampness a health problem by itself, it also contributes to several other potentially problematic types of situations. Molds and other microbial agents favor damp indoor environments, and excess moisture may initiate the release of chemical emissions from damaged building materials and furnishings. This new book from the Institute of Medicine examines the health impact of exposures resulting from damp indoor environments and offers recommendations for public health interventions. Damp Indoor Spaces and Health covers a broad range of topics. The book not only examines the relationship between damp or moldy indoor environments and adverse health outcomes but also discusses how and where buildings get wet, how dampness influences microbial growth and chemical emissions, ways to prevent and remediate dampness, and elements of a public health response to the issues. A comprehensive literature review finds sufficient evidence of an association between damp indoor environments and some upper respiratory tract symptoms, coughing, wheezing, and asthma symptoms in sensitized persons. This important book will be of interest to a wide-ranging audience of science, health, engineering, and building professionals, government officials, and members of the public.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309175771
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080860567
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 643
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Book Description
Established almost 30 years ago, Methods in Microbiology is the most prestigious series devoted to techniques and methodology in the field. Now totally revamped, revitalized, with a new format and expanded scope, Methods in Microbiology will continue to provide you with tried and tested, cutting-edge protocols to directly benefit your research. Focuses on the methods most useful for the microbiologist interested in the way in which bacteria cause disease Includes section devoted to 'Approaches to characterising pathogenic mechanisms' by Stanley Falkow Covers safety aspects, detection, identification and speciation Includes techniques for the study of host interactions and reactions in animals and plants Describes biochemical and molecular genetic approaches Essential methods for gene expression and analysis Covers strategies and problems for disease control
Author: A. Szentivanyi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461322537
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
Endotoxins are constituents of all gram negative bacteria, as well as many other microorganisms. Since their original discovery and study at the beginning and middle parts of this century, many investigations have been performed concerning their immunochemistry and physicochemistry, as well as their pharmacologic activities and physiologic effects on the host. It became widely recognized during the beginning of this century that the pyrogenicity of many microbial infections may be associated with endotoxins. Furthermore, some 80 years ago, attempts were begun to "treat" a variety of illnesses including neoplasia, with such "pyrogens", Le. , bacterial endo toxins. Inconclusive results were observed including some detrimental ones as well as, in some cases, beneficial ones. It became widely accepted that during infections with many gram negative organisms the fever occurring in patients, as well as many of the untoward pathophysiological effects of the infections, seemed to be due to the endotoxin the bacteria contained or released. In this regard, septic shock has been studied in detail by many clinicians, physiologists and pharmacologists and attempts have been made to relate the devastating effects of infection on metabolic and physiologic alterations caused by endotoxins. Recently, however, many beneficial effects of endotoxin have also been studied.
Author: H. Friedman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475751400
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 689
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Book Description
This volume is based on the proceedings of the International Symposium on Bacterial Endotoxins held in Japan. May 11-14. 1988 and sponsored by the International Endotoxin Society and the International Society for Immuno pharmacology. Speakers and participants of this symposium provided new information concerning fundamental and clinical aspects of endotoxin research conducted over the last half decade or so. Advances have been made in understanding the structure and nature of endotoxin molecules and their effects on a wide variety of both cellular and subcellular aspects, of immunity. metabolism and physiology. both in vivo and in vitro. Endotoxins are constituents of gram negative bacteria. Since their original discovery in the nineteenth century. many laboratories studied their chemical composition. their physico- and immunochemica1 properties. as well as their pharmacological and physiological effects on the host. Much is now known about the chemical structure of the endotoxins. There is also a grow ing body of information concerning the multiple effects of endotoxins on the host including immune mechanisms. Some effects have been found to be benefi cial to the host and endotoxins are being used more frequently to induce important mediators of immunity as well as increasing resistance against infections by many microorganisms as well as inhibiting growth of tumors in experimental animal models and in man.
