Behavior of Iodine in Reactor Containment Systems PDF Download
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Author: G. W. Keilholtz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iodine
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author: G. W. Keilholtz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iodine
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Author: Anandhi Narayanan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The objective of this thesis was to develop a mechanistic model to simulate iodine behaviour within the containment structure of a nuclear generating station. The model included both aqueous and gas phase radiolysis and interfacial mass transfer. Validation of the model was conducted for each phase separately and the combined model was applied to a few reactor accident scenarios. The aqueous model successfully reflected various experimental data over a wide range in pH, iodide concentration, temperature, and dose rate. The incorporation of gas phase chemistry served to determine the dominant chemical forms of gaseous iodine. In addition, it was observed that hydrogen, likely to be present in the containment atmosphere, would hinder the elimination of molecular iodine. Finally, the interaction of iodine with nitrogen oxides was significant when compared to reactions with ozone. Hence, the deposition of ozone onto surfaces did not impact iodine behaviour. The development of this model will serve as a useful tool for reactor safety assessments.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Publisher: Pinawa, Man. : Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 77
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Author: Fariborz Taghipour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The impact of organic compounds on iodine behaviour was investigated under a range of post-accident chemical conditions expected in a reactor containment structure. A bench scale apparatus installed in the irradiation chamber of a Gammacell was used to provide continuous measurement of iodine volatilization rates from 10-6 to 10 -4 CsI solutions with pH values from 5 to 9. The rate of production of volatile iodine was evaluated in the presence of 10-3 M concentrations of various alkyl halides, carbonyls, and aromatics; the three classes of organic compounds most likely present in containment. Iodo-organics and molecular iodine in the gas and liquid phases of the irradiated samples were analyzed using gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and UV spectrophotometry. A model was developed that simulates the radiation chemistry of iodine in the presence of organic compounds and evaluated against the experimental results. The results indicated that organic compounds can be classified into groups, based on their distinct effects on iodine behaviour. Iodine volatilization increased significantly, up to two orders of magnitude, in the presence of carbonyls and alkyl chlorides, while it decreased in the presence of aromatics. Gas and liquid phase analysis indicated that chloro-iodo organics and alkyl iodides are the major types of volatile iodo-organics formed in the presence of alkyl chlorides and carbonyls, respectively, while no volatile iodo-organics are formed in the presence of aromatics. Molecular iodine measurements in the systems showed that I2 concentration increases in the presence of alkyl chlorides and decreases in the presence of carbonyls and aromatics. The kinetic-based model, containing a mechanistic description of iodine chemistry and generic semi-mechanistic reactions for various classes of organics, provided a reasonable prediction of the experimental results. The majority of the model and experimental results were in agreement within an order of magnitude. The results of this research will assist in predicting and reducing the radiological consequences of reactor accidents. In particular, the results indicate the advantage of maintaining basic pH and avoiding alkyl halide or ketone based solutions in post-accident reactor containment, in order to reduce radioactive iodine volatility, and hence, improve reactor safety.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The description of containment iodine behavior in reactor accident sequences requires an understanding of iodine volatility effects, deposition and revaporization/resuspension (from surfaces and aerosols), chemical changes between species, and mass transport. The experimental work in this program has largely centered on the interactions of iodine in or with water pools. The formation of volatile iodine, as I2 or organic iodides, is primarily dependent on radiation and solution pH. Lower pH results in increased formation of volatile iodine species; thus, for example, a pH of 3.05 resulted in a conversion of I− to I2 that was more than two orders of magnitude greater than tests run at pH 6.1 or 6.8. The formation or organic iodides involving water pools has been linked to the presence of iodine as I2, the solution/gas contact, and to the type of organic material.
Author: K. R. Weaver
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: C. E. Miller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fission products
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Author: P.G. Shaw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Iodine
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This report presents the results of tests conducted on a simulated sample line for a radioactive gaseous effluent monitoring system typical of those a nuclear power plants. The purpose of the tests was to evaluate the ability of a sampling line to transmit a representative sample of radioactive elemental iodine during the transient (short-term high concentration) conditions.
