Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton seed production in North-Eastern Karnataka: An economic analysis PDF Download
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Author: Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi
Publisher: Amazon Publishers, USA
ISBN:
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Karnataka is one of the nine major Bt cotton growing states in the country. The Bt cotton seed production focussed on the socio-economic characteristics of contract farmers, cost and return, efficiency of resource use and problems faced by the farmers in Bt cotton seed production under different companies. Five companies having highest area under Bt cotton seed production were selected for study. The present study was conducted with primary data collected entirely based on a multistage random sampling technique from 200 Bt cotton seed production growers who have contracted with the different seed companies. The study pertained to the agricultural year 2012-13. The total cost of Bt cotton seed production varied from one company contract farmers to other company contract farmers. The total cost was found to be higher (Rs.96829) in case of JK seeds company contract farmers followed by the farmers who have contracted with Monsanto seeds company (Rs.95797). While, the net returns obtained from Bt cotton seed production was found to be higher in case of Monsanto seeds company contract farmers (Rs.46387) followed by Kaveri seeds company contract farmers (Rs.33076). The Cobb-Douglas production function revealed that the farmers who have contracted with different seed companies, the use of seed was found to be optimum across all company contract farmers. Whereas, fertilizer resource was over utilized by farmers who have contracted with various companies. Non availability of trained labour and prevalence of high wage rate were the major constraints in case of production, where as poor technical assistance and low contract price were the contractual problems. The other problems regarding plant protection, high incidence of diseases was the major constraint in Bt cotton seed production and in case of marketing, high price of parents of Bt cotton seeds and low price of the seeds offered by the agencies were the major ones. Therefore the Bt cotton seed production technology had positive impact on Socio- economic status of farmers by increase in yield and reducing cost on inputs thereby increase in income and also standard of living.
Author: Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi
Publisher: Amazon Publishers, USA
ISBN:
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book
Book Description
Karnataka is one of the nine major Bt cotton growing states in the country. The Bt cotton seed production focussed on the socio-economic characteristics of contract farmers, cost and return, efficiency of resource use and problems faced by the farmers in Bt cotton seed production under different companies. Five companies having highest area under Bt cotton seed production were selected for study. The present study was conducted with primary data collected entirely based on a multistage random sampling technique from 200 Bt cotton seed production growers who have contracted with the different seed companies. The study pertained to the agricultural year 2012-13. The total cost of Bt cotton seed production varied from one company contract farmers to other company contract farmers. The total cost was found to be higher (Rs.96829) in case of JK seeds company contract farmers followed by the farmers who have contracted with Monsanto seeds company (Rs.95797). While, the net returns obtained from Bt cotton seed production was found to be higher in case of Monsanto seeds company contract farmers (Rs.46387) followed by Kaveri seeds company contract farmers (Rs.33076). The Cobb-Douglas production function revealed that the farmers who have contracted with different seed companies, the use of seed was found to be optimum across all company contract farmers. Whereas, fertilizer resource was over utilized by farmers who have contracted with various companies. Non availability of trained labour and prevalence of high wage rate were the major constraints in case of production, where as poor technical assistance and low contract price were the contractual problems. The other problems regarding plant protection, high incidence of diseases was the major constraint in Bt cotton seed production and in case of marketing, high price of parents of Bt cotton seeds and low price of the seeds offered by the agencies were the major ones. Therefore the Bt cotton seed production technology had positive impact on Socio- economic status of farmers by increase in yield and reducing cost on inputs thereby increase in income and also standard of living.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309437385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607
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Book Description
Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Author: Guillaume P. Gruère, Purvi Mehta-Bhatt, and Debdatta Sengupta
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi
Publisher: Amazon Publishers, USA
ISBN:
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Conjoint Analysis is a statistical technique where respondents ranked preferences for different offers are decomposed to determine the person’s inferred utility function for each attribute and the relative importance of each attribute. It is a versatile marketing research technique that can provide valuable information for new product development and forecasting, market segmentation and pricing decisions, advertising and distribution, competitive analysis and repositioning. The aims of conjoint analysis were to identify attribute combinations which confer the highest utility to the consumers and to establish the relative importance of attributes in terms of their contribution to total utility. There are 5 basic steps to be taken by a Researcher interested in applying conjoint analysis namely Problem formulation, Determining the product profile, Sampling plan, Data collection and Analysis and interpretation of the results. Conjoint measurement is based on the assumptions that a product can be described according to levels of a set of attributes and the consumer’s overall judgment in respect to that product is based on these attributes level. This analysis is based on three models like Part -Worth Model, Vector Model and Ideal Point Model. An attempt was made to analyze the consumer preference of ragi using conjoint analysis in Bengaluru and Vijayapura districts of Karnataka. The results reveal that, among all the attributes of ragi studied in Bengaluru urban, fineness was found to be most important and first consideration of consumers accounting for 23.80 per cent of relative importance with superfine ragi having the utility of 1.45. In case of Bengaluru rural, price was found to be most important and first deliberation, accounting for 30.60 per cent of relative importance.Among all the attributes studied in ragi in Vijayapura urban, colour was found to be most significant and first consideration, accounting for 30.33 per cent. In case of Vijayapura rural, fineness was found to be the first contemplation and most important, accounting for 33.91 per cent of relative importance. Dhamotharan et. al. (2015), conducted a study using conjoint analysis to analyze consumers’ preferences for geographic indications (GI) bananas. The results show that consumers prefer GI bananas for their medicinal properties, natural production method, and lower price premium.Mangala (2010), conducted a study on Impact of food retail chains on producers, consumers and retailers. The results showed that, among all the attributes studied, quality of the produce found to have the highest relative importance of 33.8 per cent, with a preference for premium quality (utility value 2.77). Importance of 26.89 per cent was given to location of the outlet, with preference for nearness of the shop had utility value 2.16.Consumers are becoming more aware of the quality attributes of different commodities they are consuming, and consequently are choosing products that closely match their tastes and preferences. Demand for food products has increased among the consumers for a variety of reasons: unique quality, locality, supporting local producers. Researchers and managers in agricultural and food industries often face problems relating to new product development, forecasting, market segmentation and pricing decisions, advertising and distribution, competitive analysis and repositioning. So a conjoint measurement study can assist them in solving these problems.
Author: Khawar Jabran
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119385512
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
Provides a comprehensive overview of the role of cotton in the economy and cotton production around the world This book offers a complete look at the world’s largest fiber crop: cotton. It examines its effect on the global economy—its uses and products, harvesting and processing, as well as the major challenges and their solutions, recent trends, and modern technologies involved in worldwide production of cotton. Cotton Production presents recent developments achieved by major cotton producing regions around the world, including China, India, USA, Pakistan, Turkey and Europe, South America, Central Asia, and Australia. In addition to origin and history, it discusses the recent advances in management practices, as well as the agronomic challenges and the solutions in the major cotton producing areas of the world. Keeping a focus on global context, the book provides sufficient details regarding the management of cotton crops. These details are not limited to the choice of cultivar, soil management, fertilizer and water management, pest control, cotton harvesting, and processing. The first book to cover all aspects of cotton production in a global context Details the role of cotton in the economy, the uses and products of cotton, and its harvesting and processing Discusses the current state of cotton management practices and issues within and around the world’s cotton producing areas Provides insight into the ways to improve cotton productivity in order to keep pace with the growing needs of an increasing population Cotton Production is an essential book for students taking courses in agronomy and cropping systems as well as a reference for agricultural advisors, extension specialists, and professionals throughout the industry.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172128
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
This book explores the risks and benefits of crops that are genetically modified for pest resistance, the urgency of establishing an appropriate regulatory framework for these products, and the importance of public understanding of the issues. The committee critically reviews federal policies toward transgenic products, the 1986 coordinated framework among the key federal agencies in the field, and rules proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency for regulation of plant pesticides. This book provides detailed analyses of: Mechanisms and results of genetic engineering compared to conventional breeding for pest resistance. Review of scientific issues associated with transgenic pest-protected plants, such as allergenicity, impact on nontarget plants, evolution of the pest species, and other concerns. Overview of regulatory framework and its use of scientific information with suggestions for improvements.
Author: Veerabhadrappa Bellundagi
Publisher: Amazon Publishers, USA
ISBN:
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Total-factor productivity (TFP) is a variable which accounts for effects in total output not caused by traditionally measured inputs of labour and capital. If all inputs are accounted for, then total factor productivity can be taken as a measure of an economy’s long-term technological change or technological dynamism, scale of economies and efficiency.TFP is regarded as the more accurate productivity measure than the partial productivity measure. The broader the coverage of resources, the better is the productivity measure. The best measure is one that compares output with the combined use of all resources” (Chandel, 2007). TFP is the change in output relative to a weighted combination of all inputs, where the weights are factor shares. Some authors also define TFP as contribution of non-traditional inputs to output. For example non inputs were technology, irrigation, infrastructure, managerial skills and so on.The calculated TFP is decomposed in to a) Scale of economies b) Technical change and c) Residual or Efficiency or Management to know the contribution of non-conventional inputs to the output growth.There are different approaches for estimation of TFP, such as Production function approach, Growth accounting approach and Non-Parametric approach.World ScenarioCoelli, et al., 2003, conducted a study on Total Factor Productivity growth in Agriculture: A Malmquist index analysis of 93 Countries. The results shown that, Asia as a region posted the highest TFP growth of 2.9 percent followed by North America (consisting of USA and Canada), Australasia, Europe, Africa and South America. South America has posted the lowest growth rate of 0.6 per cent followed by Africa with 1.3 per cent growth in TFP. A surprising result is that over the period 1980-2000. The results on continent-level information for six regions revealed that, the largest difference occurs for South and Central America, where the average TFP growth measure increases from 0.6 percent to 1.5 per cent per annum.Country ScenarioChand et al., 2011, estimated average annual TFP growth for the major crops cultivated in India. Among cereals, wheat experienced the highest growth in TFP index during the three decades from 1975 to 2005. Among pulses, the TFP growth was estimated to be 0.5 per cent for moong, followed by gram (0.2 per cent). TFP for Arhar and Urad crops displayed a decline over the past three decades. The TFP is a useful indicator of changes in long-term productivity. The TFP growth (TFPG) in the oilseed sector varied in the range 0.7-0.8 per cent per annum.An attempt was made to analyze the TFP of ragi in Karnataka. The results shown that, TFP for ragi increased from 1.17 during 1999 to 1.81 in 2013. The TFP fell to 0.61 in 2011 and 0.67 in 2008 due to drought during that period. The highest TFP index was observed in 2007-08 (2.18). The average TFP index for 15 years was 1.12.The output index of ragi increased from 1.40 in 1999 to 1.79 in 2013. The average input index of ragi was 1.14 for fifteen years.Suresh, K. 2013, conducted a study on Economic impact of public sector agricultural research in ragi and redgram in Karnataka. The results revealed that, the Total Factor Productivity index of redgram grew at the rate of 3.31 per cent per annum and that of ragi grew at 4.75 per cent per annum. Thus, Public research significantly contributed to TFP growth in ragi.ConclusionTotal factor productivity can be estimated by different approaches. In growth accounting approach the tornqvist-thiel index is commonly used which is based on translog production function. The TFP decomposition analysis helps to identify factors which influence the total factor productivity growth. The results of the decomposition analysis indicate which variable contribute to growth in productivity. This will enable policy makers to suggest plan and programmes to achieve total factor productivity growth.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309170176
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Book Description
Transgenic crops offer the promise of increased agricultural productivity and better quality foods. But they also raise the specter of harmful environmental effects. In this new book, a panel of experts examines: • Similarities and differences between crops developed by conventional and transgenic methods • Potential for commercialized transgenic crops to change both agricultural and nonagricultural landscapes • How well the U.S. government is regulating transgenic crops to avoid any negative effects. Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants provides a wealth of information about transgenic processes, previous experience with the introduction of novel crops, principles of risk assessment and management, the science behind current regulatory schemes, issues in monitoring transgenic products already on the market, and more. The book discusses public involvementâ€"and public confidenceâ€"in biotechnology regulation. And it looks to the future, exploring the potential of genetic engineering and the prospects for environmental effects.
Author: Calestous Juma
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0190237236
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
African agriculture is currently at a crossroads, at which persistent food shortages are compounded by threats from climate change. But, as this book argues, Africa can feed itself in a generation and can help contribute to global food security. To achieve this Africa has to define agriculture as a force in economic growth by advancing scientific and technological research, investing in infrastructure, fostering higher technical training, and creating regional markets.
Author: Agnès Ricroch
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030683451
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
Written in easy to follow language, the book presents cutting-edge agriculturally relevant plant biotechnologies and applications in a manner that is accessible to all. This book updates and introduces the scope and method of plant biotechnologies and molecular breeding within the context of environmental analysis and assessment, a diminishing supply of productive arable land, scarce water resources and climate change. New plant breeding techniques including CRISPR-cas system are now tools to meet these challenges both in developed countries and in developing countries. Ethical issues, intellectual property rights, regulation policies in various countries related to agricultural biotechnology are examined. The rapid developments in plant biotechnology are explained to a large audience with relevant examples. New varieties of crops can be adapted to new climatic conditions in order to reduce pest-associated losses and the adverse abiotic effects
