Author: T. Horiuchi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461337305
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
The need for alternate energy sources has led to the develop ment of prototype fusion and MHD reactors. Both possible energy systems in current designs usually require the use of magnetic fields for plasma confinement and concentration. For the creation and maintenance of large 5 to 15 tesla magnetic fields, supercon ducting magnets appear more economical. But the high magnetic fields create large forces, and the complexities of the conceptual reactors create severe space restrictions. The combination of re quirements, plus the desire to keep construction costs at a mini mum, has created a need for stronger structural alloys for service at liquid helium temperature (4 K). The complexity of the required structures requires that these alloys be weldable. Furthermore, since the plasma is influenced by magnetic fields and since magnet ic forces from the use of ferromagnetic materials in many configur ations may be additive, the best structural alloy for most applica tions should be nonmagnetic. These requirements have led to consideration of higher strength austenitic steels. Strength increases at low temperatures are achieved by the addition of nitrogen. The stability of the austenitic structure is retained by adding manganese instead of nickel, which is more expensive. Research to develop these higher strength austenitic steels is in process, primarily in Japan and the United States.
Austenitic Steels at Low Temperatures
Author: T. Horiuchi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461337305
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
The need for alternate energy sources has led to the develop ment of prototype fusion and MHD reactors. Both possible energy systems in current designs usually require the use of magnetic fields for plasma confinement and concentration. For the creation and maintenance of large 5 to 15 tesla magnetic fields, supercon ducting magnets appear more economical. But the high magnetic fields create large forces, and the complexities of the conceptual reactors create severe space restrictions. The combination of re quirements, plus the desire to keep construction costs at a mini mum, has created a need for stronger structural alloys for service at liquid helium temperature (4 K). The complexity of the required structures requires that these alloys be weldable. Furthermore, since the plasma is influenced by magnetic fields and since magnet ic forces from the use of ferromagnetic materials in many configur ations may be additive, the best structural alloy for most applica tions should be nonmagnetic. These requirements have led to consideration of higher strength austenitic steels. Strength increases at low temperatures are achieved by the addition of nitrogen. The stability of the austenitic structure is retained by adding manganese instead of nickel, which is more expensive. Research to develop these higher strength austenitic steels is in process, primarily in Japan and the United States.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461337305
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
The need for alternate energy sources has led to the develop ment of prototype fusion and MHD reactors. Both possible energy systems in current designs usually require the use of magnetic fields for plasma confinement and concentration. For the creation and maintenance of large 5 to 15 tesla magnetic fields, supercon ducting magnets appear more economical. But the high magnetic fields create large forces, and the complexities of the conceptual reactors create severe space restrictions. The combination of re quirements, plus the desire to keep construction costs at a mini mum, has created a need for stronger structural alloys for service at liquid helium temperature (4 K). The complexity of the required structures requires that these alloys be weldable. Furthermore, since the plasma is influenced by magnetic fields and since magnet ic forces from the use of ferromagnetic materials in many configur ations may be additive, the best structural alloy for most applica tions should be nonmagnetic. These requirements have led to consideration of higher strength austenitic steels. Strength increases at low temperatures are achieved by the addition of nitrogen. The stability of the austenitic structure is retained by adding manganese instead of nickel, which is more expensive. Research to develop these higher strength austenitic steels is in process, primarily in Japan and the United States.
Effects of Low Temperatures on Structural Metals
Author: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
Low Temperature and Cryogenic Steels
Author: United States Steel Corporation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metals
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metals
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
Austenitic Stainless Steels
Author: P. Marshall
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780853342779
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 458
Book Description
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780853342779
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 458
Book Description
Elevated Temperature Properties as Influenced by Nitrogen Additions to Types 304 and 316 Austenitic Stainless Steels
Author:
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN:
Category : Metals
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN:
Category : Metals
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
Austenitic Stainless Steels
Author: Wojciech Borek
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535137018
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 219
Book Description
Stainless steel is still one of the fastest growing materials. Today, the austenitic stainless steel with the classic composition of 18% Cr and 8% Ni (grade 304L) is still the most widely used by far in the world. The unique characteristic of stainless steel arises from three main factors. The versatility results from high corrosion resistance, excellent low- and high-temperature properties, high toughness, formability, and weldability. The long life of stainless steels has been proven in service in a wide range of environments, together with low maintenance costs compared to other highly alloyed metallic materials. The retained value of stainless steel results from the high intrinsic value and easy recycling. Stainless steel, especially of austenitic microstructure, plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development nowadays, so it is also important for further generations.
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535137018
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 219
Book Description
Stainless steel is still one of the fastest growing materials. Today, the austenitic stainless steel with the classic composition of 18% Cr and 8% Ni (grade 304L) is still the most widely used by far in the world. The unique characteristic of stainless steel arises from three main factors. The versatility results from high corrosion resistance, excellent low- and high-temperature properties, high toughness, formability, and weldability. The long life of stainless steels has been proven in service in a wide range of environments, together with low maintenance costs compared to other highly alloyed metallic materials. The retained value of stainless steel results from the high intrinsic value and easy recycling. Stainless steel, especially of austenitic microstructure, plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development nowadays, so it is also important for further generations.
The Stability of Austenitic Stainless Steels at Low Temperatures as Determined by Magnetic Measurements
Author: Richard P. Reed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
Book Description
Semiaustenitic Precipitation-hardenable Stainless Steels
Author: D. C. Ludwigson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat resistant alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
The semiaustenitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steels remain austenitic on cooling rom a solution heat treatment at about 1950 F. In this form they are readily fabricable. Subsequent treatment at about 1400 or at about 1725 F depletes the austenite of Cr and C to the extent that martensite forms on cooling to room temperature or -100 F, respectively. Final hardening is effected by tempering, or aging, at 750 to 1100 F. The semiaustenitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steels may be obtained as transformed at the mill by cold rolling. In this condition they lack the good formability of solution-heat-treated material. However, the fabricator need only temper them to obtain very high strengths. These steels have a combination of good formability, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance that is not easily matched by other materials.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heat resistant alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
The semiaustenitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steels remain austenitic on cooling rom a solution heat treatment at about 1950 F. In this form they are readily fabricable. Subsequent treatment at about 1400 or at about 1725 F depletes the austenite of Cr and C to the extent that martensite forms on cooling to room temperature or -100 F, respectively. Final hardening is effected by tempering, or aging, at 750 to 1100 F. The semiaustenitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steels may be obtained as transformed at the mill by cold rolling. In this condition they lack the good formability of solution-heat-treated material. However, the fabricator need only temper them to obtain very high strengths. These steels have a combination of good formability, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance that is not easily matched by other materials.
Properties of Certain Cold-rolled Austenitic Stainless Sheet Steels
Author: R. J. Mangone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sheet-steel
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sheet-steel
Languages : en
Pages : 82
Book Description
Corrosion of Austenitic Stainless Steels
Author: H S Khatak
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 9781855736139
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 436
Book Description
This comprehensive study covers all types of corrosion of austenitic stainless steel. It also covers methods for detecting corrosion and investigating corrosion-related failure, together with guidelines for improving corrosion protection of steels. Details all types of corrosion of austenitic stainless steel Covers methods for detecting corrosion and investigating corrosion-related failure Outlines guidelines for improving corrosion protection of steels
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 9781855736139
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 436
Book Description
This comprehensive study covers all types of corrosion of austenitic stainless steel. It also covers methods for detecting corrosion and investigating corrosion-related failure, together with guidelines for improving corrosion protection of steels. Details all types of corrosion of austenitic stainless steel Covers methods for detecting corrosion and investigating corrosion-related failure Outlines guidelines for improving corrosion protection of steels