Arene Ruthenium Oxinato Complexes: Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Catalytic Activity for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Solution PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Author: Bhalchandra M. Bhanage
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642449883
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
Transformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide shows the various organic, polymeric and inorganic compounds which result from the transformation of carbon dioxide through chemical, photocatalytic, electrochemical, inorganic and biological processes. The book consists of twelve chapters demonstrating interesting examples of these reactions, depending on the types of reaction and catalyst. It also includes two chapters dealing with the utilization of carbon dioxide as a reaction promoter and presents a wide range of examples of chemistry and chemical engineering with carbon dioxide. Transformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide is a collective work of reviews illustrative of recent advances in the transformation and utilization of carbon dioxide. This book is interesting and useful to a wide readership in the various fields of chemical science and engineering. Bhalchandra Bhanage is a professor of industrial and engineering chemistry at Institute of Chemical Technology, India. Masahiko Arai is a professor of chemical engineering at Hokkaido University, Japan.
Author: Ibram Ganesh
Publisher: White Falcon Publishing
ISBN: 1636408281
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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The “Practicable Artificial Photosynthesis (PAP)” technology described in this book facilitates one to harvest sunlight to meet all the energy needs of the society without any back-up from fossil fuels to meet all the energy needs of the society by using carbon dioxide and water as energy storing materials. The PAP process can completely eradicate the poverty and unemployment across the globe, and it can solve the problems of CO2 associated global warming and the related social cost of carbon problems completely. Four new technologies invented and discovered by the author of this book as a part of developing this comprehensive PAP process including a brand-new technology “Semiconductor and Liquid Assisted Photothermal Effect (SLAPE)” to generate electricity from sunlight with highest efficiency at lowest expenditure have also been presented and described in this book for the first time. Ultra-low cost EPDM rubber based membranes needed for alkaline electrolyzers and fuel cells also introduced in this book.
Author: Sarah Elizabeth Flowers
Publisher:
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Languages : en
Pages : 134
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As carbon dioxide levels continue to rise in our atmosphere, scientific interest has peaked around the capture and utilization of CO2. Not only does CO2¬¬ have the potential to be used as a C1 building block for the production of value added chemicals, but CO2 also has the potential to be used as a carbon neutral hydrogen storage material in the form of formic acid. Although catalysts for CO2 reduction exist, many of these catalysts require the use of high temperatures and pressures and are not stable for prolonged exposure to the reaction conditions. Therefore, the challenge of making robust catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation that can operate under mild conditions with high activity remains outstanding. With the goal of generating a robust and highly active CO2 hydrogenation catalyst in mind, this thesis describes the fundamental metalation chemistry of a novel tripodal bis(protic N-Heterocyclic carbene)-phosphine ligand with ruthenium precursors and the reactivity of the resulting organometallic complexes with CO2. Chapter 1 provides a brief overview of CO2¬ in the earth’s atmosphere, a glimpse at CO2 hydrogenation chemistry, and an introduction to traditional and protic N-heterocyclic carbene (PNHC) chemistry. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterization of PNHC Ru complexes utilizing [Cp*RuCl]4 as the ruthenium precursor. Chapter 3 investigates the coordination chemistry and synthesis of PNHC Ru complexes stemming from [(Arene)Ru] precursors. Chapter 4 describes both stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity studies of complexes synthesized in Chapters 2 and 3 with CO2. Finally, Chapter 5 dives into an entirely new subject and discusses the crystallographic structure determination of an unprecedented In¬¬37P20¬ nanocluster.
Author: Jayneil Kamdar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Global concern about the long-term sustainability and environmental impact of burning fossil fuels has prompted widespread research on alternative fuels. Hydrogen is attractive as a chemical fuel because it is carbon-free and therefore its exothermic reaction with oxygen does not generate CO2 as a byproduct. Large scale implementation of hydrogen, however, depends on efficient and clean production of hydrogen from non-fossil sources. Splitting water with sunlight is often considered the "Holy Grail" of a sustainable hydrogen economy, however the greatest challenge towards achieving this goal is in lowering the high kinetic barrier of the water oxidation half reaction. With the right electronics and geometry of coordinated ligands, transition metals can effectively mediate the loss of 4 e- / 4 H+ required to oxidize water. This dissertation details the syntheses, characterization, and reactivities of three novel catalytic systems containing multi-functional ligands that appear to have a marked effect on catalysis. Chapter 2 details the synthesis and reactivity of novel ruthenium complexes bearing 2,2'-bipyridine ligands with various pyrazolate groups in the 6,6'-positions. The structures of these complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography and for one of the complexes, the unique solvatochromic and acid-base properties involving the uncoordinated nitrogen atoms of the ligand were investigated by non-aqueous and aqueous UV-visible spectroscopy and electrochemistry. Rapid O2 evolution was witnessed under acidic conditions in the presence of CeIV. While the apparent rates (between 3 and 4 s-1) are in the upper range of rates observed for ruthenium-based molecular catalysts, lag periods observed for 1-1.5 min prior to O2 production may be indications of slow catalyst dissolution or activation, or of catalyst modification. Alternatively, CeIV may have a non-innocent role during catalysis by interaction with the uncoordinated nitrogen. Chapter 3 details the synthesis and catalysis-relevant properties of two novel ruthenium complexes, [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-diphosphonato)(pic)2] (pic=4-picoline) and [Ru(6,6'-diisopropyl-2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-diphosphonato)(pic)2]. These complexes are the first examples of water oxidation catalysts deliberately bearing phosphonate groups positioned to serve as metal-bound ligands. They have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, x-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry, and UV-visible spectroscopy. From electrochemical data, we have discovered that charge states of P-OH / P-OR groups have a significant influence on redox and catalytic properties, features that are absent in much more commonly studied carboxylate analogs. Chapter 4 details the synthesis and reactivity of a series of ruthenium complexes bearing novel 2,2'-biimidazole-4,4'-phosphonate ligands. Surprisingly, the new ligands did not participate in the intended tetradentate coordination, but instead bidentate N,N'-coordination, placing the phosphonate groups in the secondary coordination sphere to engage in hydrogen bonding interactions with two aquo ligands. The presented complexes have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, x-ray crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry. Qualitative and quantitative oxygen evolution studies (from cyclic voltammetry and addition of excess CeIV, respectively) have shown a dramatic improvement in catalytic rates compared to those of previously reported Ru diaquo complexes. Our working hypothesis to explain the superior catalytic activity includes involvement of the phosphonates in the secondary coordination sphere potentially as basic proton-relaying functionalities.
Author: Chen-Shi Huang
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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![Diruthenium Complexes [microform] : Synthesis, Chemistry and Catalysis PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/zogTvwEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Yuan Gao
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612680395
Category : Alkynes
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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This thesis describes the synthesis, chemistry and catalytic activity of several diruthenium complexes, in which two ruthenium centers are locked in close proximity by bridging bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, dppm, ligands.
Author: Sopheavy Siek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 772
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Hydrogenation reactions can be used to store energy in chemical bonds, and if these reactions are reversible that energy can be released on demand. A new bidentate chelating ligand was designed and synthesized for this project, using an N-heterocyclic carbene ring bound directly to a pyridinol ring (NHC-pyOR). This new ligand was used to make iridium complexes that were studied as catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 and dehydrogenation of formic acid. For comparison, analogous bipy derived iridium and ruthenium complexes were also tested. In general, the NHC-pyOR complexes demonstrated modest activity, where hydroxyl-pyridines found in the bipy derived systems are more active for CO2 hydrogenation under basic conditions. However, the trends were quite different for formic acid dehydrogenation reaction which will be discussed in Chapter 2. Other ruthenium (II) and iridium (III) complexes of the NHC-pyOR ligand with difference counter anions from above complexes were also synthesized. The ruthenium complexes were tested for their ability to accelerate CO2 (de)hydrogenation, but our studies show that these complexes all undergo transformations in solution and thus they are not true catalysts, but rather pre-catalysts. The use of new tridentate pincer ligands derived from NHC and pyridinol is also described. A new ligand containing (NHC-pyOR-NHC) rings binding to a metal with the pyridinol derivative were synthesized. A series of metal complexes of the type LnM were synthesized (n = 1 and 2; M = Fe2+, Co3+, and Ru2+). Preliminary results of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO show that ruthenium complexes are the most active catalysts followed by cobalt and iron, respectively. The activation of carbon dioxide and nitrite utilizing bio-inspired and proton responsive catalysts were also studied with tris(triazolyl)hydroborate (Ttz) complexes of zinc(II) and copper(II). For the biomimetic zinc complexes for CO2 activation, the synthetic result was found to be greatly depend on the steric bulk of Ttz ligand which will be discussed in detail in Chapter 6. Moreover, the electrochemical reduction of Ttz-Cu(II) complexes in the presence and absence of a proton source shows processes that are relevant to enzymatic nitrite reduction which also will be studied in Chapter 7.
Author: Kwok-Wai Matthew Choi
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361427101
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation, "Carbenoid Transfer Reactions Catalyzed by Arene Ruthenium Complexes and Polymer Supported Ruthenium Catalysts" by Kwok-wai, Matthew, Choi, 蔡國偉, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4088773 Subjects: Chemical reactions Organoruthenium compounds Catalysis
Author: Kang Long Wong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalysts
Languages : en
Pages : 103
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