Architectonics of the Human Telencephalic Cortex PDF Download
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Author: H. Braak
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642815227
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
This is a timely opus. Most of us now are too young to remember the unpleasant ring of a polemic between those who produced "hair-splitting" parcellations of the cortex (to paraphrase one of O. Vogt's favourite expressions) and those who saw the cortex as a homogeneous matrix sus taining the reverberations of EEG waves (to paraphrase Bailey and von Bonin). One camp accused the other of producing bogus preparations with a paint brush, and the other way around the accusation was that of poor eye-sight. Artefacts of various sorts were invoked to explain the opponent's error, ranging from perceptual effects (Mach bands crispening the areal borders) to poor fixation supposedly due to perfusion too soon (!) after death. I have heard most of this directly from the protagonists' mouths. The polemic was not resolved but it has mellowed with age and ultimately faded out. I was relieved to see that Professor Braak elegantly avoids dis cussion of an extrememist tenet, that of "hair-sharp" areal boundaries, which makes little sense in developmental biology and is irrelevant to neurophysiology. It was actually detrimental to cortical neuroanatomy, since its negation led to the idea that structurally distinct areas are not at all existent. Yet, nobody would deny the reality of five fingers on one hand even if the detailed assignment of every epidermal cell to one finger or another is obviously impossible.
Author: H. Braak
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642815227
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 157
Get Book Here
Book Description
This is a timely opus. Most of us now are too young to remember the unpleasant ring of a polemic between those who produced "hair-splitting" parcellations of the cortex (to paraphrase one of O. Vogt's favourite expressions) and those who saw the cortex as a homogeneous matrix sus taining the reverberations of EEG waves (to paraphrase Bailey and von Bonin). One camp accused the other of producing bogus preparations with a paint brush, and the other way around the accusation was that of poor eye-sight. Artefacts of various sorts were invoked to explain the opponent's error, ranging from perceptual effects (Mach bands crispening the areal borders) to poor fixation supposedly due to perfusion too soon (!) after death. I have heard most of this directly from the protagonists' mouths. The polemic was not resolved but it has mellowed with age and ultimately faded out. I was relieved to see that Professor Braak elegantly avoids dis cussion of an extrememist tenet, that of "hair-sharp" areal boundaries, which makes little sense in developmental biology and is irrelevant to neurophysiology. It was actually detrimental to cortical neuroanatomy, since its negation led to the idea that structurally distinct areas are not at all existent. Yet, nobody would deny the reality of five fingers on one hand even if the detailed assignment of every epidermal cell to one finger or another is obviously impossible.
Author: VOGT
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489967044
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 646
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Book Description
Author: Stefan Geyer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642378242
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Unraveling the functional properties of structural elements in the brain is one of the fundamental goals of neuroscientific research. In the cerebral cortex this is no mean feat, since cortical areas are defined microstructurally in post-mortem brains but functionally in living brains with electrophysiological or neuroimaging techniques – and cortical areas vary in their topographical properties across individual brains. Being able to map both microstructure and function in the same brains noninvasively in vivo would represent a huge leap forward. In recent years, high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies with spatial resolution below 0.5 mm have set the stage for this by detecting structural differences within the human cerebral cortex, beyond the Stria of Gennari. This provides the basis for an in vivo microanatomical brain map, with the enormous potential to make direct correlations between microstructure and function in living human brains. This book starts with Brodmann’s post-mortem map published in the early 20th century, moves on to the almost forgotten microstructural maps of von Economo and Koskinas and the Vogt-Vogt school, sheds some light on more recent approaches that aim at mapping cortical areas noninvasively in living human brains, and culminates with the concept of “in vivo Brodmann mapping” using high-field MRI, which was introduced in the early 21st century.
Author: Ennio Pannese
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642677509
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
The earliest mention of a cell sheath enveloping the body of the neurons in sensory ganglia is probably the following description by Valentin: "Sowohl die Kugeln der Be legungsformation 1, als die Primitivfasem, werden von eigenthi. imlichen, sie isolirenden Scheiden umgeben, welche aile Stufen der Dicke von einer fast gar nicht mehr wahr nehrnbaren Zartheit bis zu einer ziemlich bedeutenden Starke durchlaufen. Diese Hill len sind aber immer zellgewebeartiger Natur" (1836, p 162). In some illustrations of the above mentioned paper the nuclei of the satellite cells adjacent to the surface of the nerve cell body, both in the trigeminal ganglion and in the ganglia of the vegeta tive nervous system, are clearly shown (Fig. lA). The author, however, miSinterpreted these nuclei as pigment granules (Pigmentkorperchen). A little later, Remak (1838) denied the existence of the perineuronal cell sheath. This prompted a ready reply from Valentin (1839), who offered a more detailed description of the perineuronal cell sheath, illustrated it with new drawings (Fig. IB), and gave a correct interpreta tion of the nuclei. In fact, he wrote: Fig. lA-B. Nerve cell bodies of sympathetic ganglia with the nuclei of the satellite cells on the neuronal surface. Redrawn from Valentin; A, 1836; B, 1839.
Author: George Paxinos
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080495311
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1385
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Book Description
This long-awaited update of the classic, The Human Nervous System, stands as an impressive survey of our knowledge of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. The book has been completely redone and brought up-to-date. An impressive and respected cast of international authors have contributed 37 chapters on topics ranging from Brain Evolution, all phases of Brain Development, to all areas of the adult brain and peripheral pathways, along with careful descriptions of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, brainstem and cerebellum. The Human Nervous System, Second Edition will again serve as the gold standard, providing a one-stop source of up-to-date information about our knowledge of the human nervous system.This second edition of the standard reference on the human nervous system is extensively and completely revised and updated from the 1990 first edition. Written by the leading researchers, many chapters have been completely rewritten, new chapters have been added. A new section on Evolution and Development provides a broader perspective, and all chapters include references and perspectives to neurological disease.
Author: Moshe Abeles
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642817084
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
Neurophysiologists are often accused by colleagues in the physical sci ences of designing experiments without any underlying hypothesis. This impression is attributable to the ease of getting lost in the ever-increasing sea of professional publications which do not state explicitly the ultimate goal of the research. On the other hand, many of the explicit models for brain function in the past were so far removed from experimental reality that they had very little impact on further research. It seems that one needs much intimate experience with the real nerv-. ous system before a reasonable model can be suggested. It would have been impossible for Copernicus to suggest his model of the solar system without the detailed observations and tabulations of star and planet motion accu mulated by the preceeding generations. This need for intimate experience with the nervous system before daring to put forward some hypothesis about its mechanism of action is especially apparent when theorizing about cerebral cortex function. There is widespread agreement that processing of information in the cor tex is associated with complex spatio-temporal patterns of activity. Yet the vast majority of experimental work is based on single neuron recordings or on recordings made with gross electrodes to which tens of thousands of neurons contribute in an unknown fashion. Although these experiments have taught us a great deal about the organization and function of the cor tex, they have not enabled us to examine the spatio-temporal organization of neuronal activity in any detail.
Author: Peter J. Whitehouse
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 0801877156
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
As the essays in this volume show, conceptualizing dementia has always been a complex process. With contributions from noted professionals in psychiatry, neurology, molecular biology, sociology, history, ethics, and health policy, Concepts of Alzheimer Disease looks at the ways in which Alzheimer disease has been defined in various historical and cultural contexts. The book covers every major development in the field, from the first case described by Alois Alzheimer in 1907 through groundbreaking work on the genetics of the disease. Essays examine not only the prominent role that biomedical and clinical researchers have played in defining Alzheimer disease, but also the ways in which the perspectives of patients, their caregivers, and the broader public have shaped concepts.
Author: Hans J. ten Donkelaar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331964789X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
This book is unique in that it provides the reader with the most up-to-date terminology used to describe the human nervous system (central and peripheral) and the related sensory organs, i.e., the Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA), the official terminology of the IFAA (International Federation of Associations of Anatomists). The book provides a succinct but detailed review of the neuroanatomical structures of the human body and will greatly benefit not only various specialists such as (neuro)anatomists, neurologists and neuroscientists, but also students taking neuroanatomy and neuroscience courses. The book offers a high yield, combined presentation of neuroanatomical illustrations and text and provides the reader a ‘one-stop source’ for studying the intricacies of the human nervous system and its sensory organs. It includes an alphabetical list of official English terms and synonyms with the official Latin terms and synonyms from the TNA. With regard to the entries, the name of the item in standardized English is provided, followed by synonyms and the official TNA Latin term, Latin synonyms and eponyms, a short description and in many cases one or more illustrations. To facilitate the use of illustrations, certain entries such as the gyri or sulci of the cerebral cortex are presented together with extensive cross-references. Terms that form part of a certain structure (such as the amygdaloid body, the thalamus and the hypothalamus) are listed under the respective structure. Segments and branches of arteries are discussed under the main artery, for example the A1–A5 segments under the anterior cerebral artery. Most nerves can be found following their origin from the brachial, cervical and lumbosacral plexuses. However, the major nerves of the limbs are discussed separately, as are the cranial nerves. Nuclei can be found by their English name or under Nuclei by their eponym.
Author: Marianne J. Willow
Publisher: Nova Publishers
ISBN: 9781594543524
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by an insidious onset with slowing of emotional and voluntary movement, muscular rigidity, postural abnormality and tremor. Parkinson's disease was first described in 1817 by James Parkinson. It is a progressive, neurological disease mainly affecting people over the age of 50, although at least 10 per cent of cases occur at an earlier age. It affects people of either sex and all ethnic groups. In the normal brain, some nerve cells produce the chemical dopamine, which transmits signals within the brain to produce smooth movement of muscles. In Parkinson's patients, 80 percent or more of these dopamine-producing cells are damaged, dead, or otherwise degenerated. This causes the nerve cells to fire wildly, leaving patients unable to control their movements. This new book brings together the latest research in this field.
Author: Megan R. Gunnar
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 113580687X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
This volume provides an introduction to current research on the relation between brain development and the development of cognitive, linguistic, motor, and emotional behavior. At least two audiences will benefit from this book: psychologists interested in brain development, and neuroscientists interested in behavioral development. Although each chapter is content-oriented, the volume as a whole provides a well integrated summary of the latest findings from developmental behavioral neuroscience.
