Applying Scientific Research to Optimize Operational Rations - Exploring the Possibilities PDF Download
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Ever since the Army introduced its current primary operational ration, the Meals, Ready-to-Eat (MRE), in the early 1980's it has committed itself to continuously improving them. This has resulted in a far greater variety of menu items, and a taste that is more like what Americans are used to eating than Army Food. Unfortunately, these efforts to mirror the Standard American Diet have resulted in a nutrition program that resembles the less than optimal American diet. An American diet that is so bad, it caused the then Surgeon General C. Edward Koop in 1988 to declare that America's eating habits have contributed to the nation's most common killers such as coronary heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and some cancers. A diet that is also considered one of the worst in the developed world. It is in this backdrop, that this monograph takes a critical look at the Army's MRE's, and compares their mix of the fuel nutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fats) to what nutrition scientists believe to be the optimum mix. A mix that science has shown to enhance physical performance, and prevent a large number of diseases. A mix that, once incorporated into MRE's, will ultimately contribute to soldiers being able to sustain optimal effort, for any operation, no matter how long in duration. The monograph concludes that the Army's primary operational ration is far from optimal because two of the fuel nutrients, fats and carbohydrates, are clearly not in the right quantities and mix in MRE's. Additionally, sodium levels in MRE's are way too high. Subsequently, this monograph recommends that the Army's Surgeon General's Office update their sixteen-year old nutrition directive (AR 40-25) to reflect advances made in nutrition science in the past two decades.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Ever since the Army introduced its current primary operational ration, the Meals, Ready-to-Eat (MRE), in the early 1980's it has committed itself to continuously improving them. This has resulted in a far greater variety of menu items, and a taste that is more like what Americans are used to eating than Army Food. Unfortunately, these efforts to mirror the Standard American Diet have resulted in a nutrition program that resembles the less than optimal American diet. An American diet that is so bad, it caused the then Surgeon General C. Edward Koop in 1988 to declare that America's eating habits have contributed to the nation's most common killers such as coronary heart disease, stroke, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and some cancers. A diet that is also considered one of the worst in the developed world. It is in this backdrop, that this monograph takes a critical look at the Army's MRE's, and compares their mix of the fuel nutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fats) to what nutrition scientists believe to be the optimum mix. A mix that science has shown to enhance physical performance, and prevent a large number of diseases. A mix that, once incorporated into MRE's, will ultimately contribute to soldiers being able to sustain optimal effort, for any operation, no matter how long in duration. The monograph concludes that the Army's primary operational ration is far from optimal because two of the fuel nutrients, fats and carbohydrates, are clearly not in the right quantities and mix in MRE's. Additionally, sodium levels in MRE's are way too high. Subsequently, this monograph recommends that the Army's Surgeon General's Office update their sixteen-year old nutrition directive (AR 40-25) to reflect advances made in nutrition science in the past two decades.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Science and Space
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astronautics and state
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Author:
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 756
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Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309096413
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 463
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Book Description
Recognizing the importance of good nutrition for physical and mental status, the Department of Defense asked the Institute of Medicine to guide the design of the nutritional composition of a ration for soldiers on short-term, high-stress missions. Nutrient Composition of Rations for Short-Term, High-Intensity Combat Operations considers military performance, health concerns, food intake, energy expenditure, physical exercise, and food technology issues. The success of military operations depends to a large extent on the physical and mental status of the individuals involved. Appropriate nutrition during assault missions is a continuous challenge mainly due to diminished appetites of individuals under stress. Many less controllable and unpredictable factors, such as individual preferences and climate, come into play to reduce appetite. In fact, soldiers usually consume about half of the calories needed, leaving them in a state called "negative energy balance." The consequences of being in negative energy balance while under these circumstances range from weight loss to fatigue to mental impairments. An individual's physiological and nutritional status can markedly affect one's ability to maximize performance during missions and may compromise effectiveness. With the number of these missions increasing, the optimization of rations has become a high priority.
Author:
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 798
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Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309053412
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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Book Description
Eating enough food to meet nutritional needs and maintain good health and good performance in all aspects of lifeâ€"both at home and on the jobâ€"is important for all of us throughout our lives. For military personnel, however, this presents a special challenge. Although soldiers typically have a number of options for eating when stationed on a base, in the field during missions their meals come in the form of operational rations. Unfortunately, military personnel in training and field operations often do not eat their rations in the amounts needed to ensure that they meet their energy and nutrient requirements and consequently lose weight and potentially risk loss of effectiveness both in physical and cognitive performance. This book contains 20 chapters by military and nonmilitary scientists from such fields as food science, food marketing and engineering, nutrition, physiology, psychology, and various medical specialties. Although described within a context of military tasks, the committee's conclusions and recommendations have wide-reaching implications for people who find that job-related stress changes their eating habits.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030905088X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€"among othersâ€"experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting.
Author: United States. Congress. House
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Legislation
Languages : en
Pages : 1474
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Book Description
Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House."
Author: Saul I. Gass
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461304598
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 774
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Book Description
Operations Research: 1934-1941," 35, 1, 143-152; "British The goal of the Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Operational Research in World War II," 35, 3, 453-470; Management Science is to provide to decision makers and "U. S. Operations Research in World War II," 35, 6, 910-925; problem solvers in business, industry, government and and the 1984 article by Harold Lardner that appeared in academia a comprehensive overview of the wide range of Operations Research: "The Origin of Operational Research," ideas, methodologies, and synergistic forces that combine to 32, 2, 465-475. form the preeminent decision-aiding fields of operations re search and management science (OR/MS). To this end, we The Encyclopedia contains no entries that define the fields enlisted a distinguished international group of academics of operations research and management science. OR and MS and practitioners to contribute articles on subjects for are often equated to one another. If one defines them by the which they are renowned. methodologies they employ, the equation would probably The editors, working with the Encyclopedia's Editorial stand inspection. If one defines them by their historical Advisory Board, surveyed and divided OR/MS into specific developments and the classes of problems they encompass, topics that collectively encompass the foundations, applica the equation becomes fuzzy. The formalism OR grew out of tions, and emerging elements of this ever-changing field. We the operational problems of the British and U. s. military also wanted to establish the close associations that OR/MS efforts in World War II.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309163846
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
More than four decades have passed since a human first set foot on the Moon. Great strides have been made in our understanding of what is required to support an enduring human presence in space, as evidenced by progressively more advanced orbiting human outposts, culminating in the current International Space Station (ISS). However, of the more than 500 humans who have so far ventured into space, most have gone only as far as near-Earth orbit, and none have traveled beyond the orbit of the Moon. Achieving humans' further progress into the solar system had proved far more difficult than imagined in the heady days of the Apollo missions, but the potential rewards remain substantial. During its more than 50-year history, NASA's success in human space exploration has depended on the agency's ability to effectively address a wide range of biomedical, engineering, physical science, and related obstacles-an achievement made possible by NASA's strong and productive commitments to life and physical sciences research for human space exploration, and by its use of human space exploration infrastructures for scientific discovery. The Committee for the Decadal Survey of Biological and Physical Sciences acknowledges the many achievements of NASA, which are all the more remarkable given budgetary challenges and changing directions within the agency. In the past decade, however, a consequence of those challenges has been a life and physical sciences research program that was dramatically reduced in both scale and scope, with the result that the agency is poorly positioned to take full advantage of the scientific opportunities offered by the now fully equipped and staffed ISS laboratory, or to effectively pursue the scientific research needed to support the development of advanced human exploration capabilities. Although its review has left it deeply concerned about the current state of NASA's life and physical sciences research, the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space is nevertheless convinced that a focused science and engineering program can achieve successes that will bring the space community, the U.S. public, and policymakers to an understanding that we are ready for the next significant phase of human space exploration. The goal of this report is to lay out steps and develop a forward-looking portfolio of research that will provide the basis for recapturing the excitement and value of human spaceflight-thereby enabling the U.S. space program to deliver on new exploration initiatives that serve the nation, excite the public, and place the United States again at the forefront of space exploration for the global good.
