Applied Soybean and Maize Residue Contributions to Soil Organic Matter in a Temperate Soybean/maize Intercropping System PDF Download
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Author: Amanda Bichel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Intercropping, defined as two or more crops grown on the same land area at the same time, is a sustainable alternative to sole crops. Intercropping has been associated with multiple benefits, such as increased nutrient and soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, decreased soil erosion and increased carbon (C) sequestration. A common intercropping practice is to integrate cereal and legume crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Most studies on intercropping have focused on yield, weed control, and land use efficiency in the tropics. Few studies have researched C and nitrogen (N) dynamics in temperate intercrops, with respect to soybean and maize residue stabilization. Soil from Balcarce, Argentina, was incubated for 140 days with soybean, maize, or no residue. Throughout the incubation, results illustrated the effect of residue application upon the soil, specifically through significantly higher amounts of light fraction (LF) C and LFN concentrations, soil microbial biomass (SMB) C and SMBN concentrations, higher microbial diversity, lower N2O production rates, in addition to distinct isotopic values in soil fractions and CO2 (p
Author: Amanda Bichel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Intercropping, defined as two or more crops grown on the same land area at the same time, is a sustainable alternative to sole crops. Intercropping has been associated with multiple benefits, such as increased nutrient and soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, decreased soil erosion and increased carbon (C) sequestration. A common intercropping practice is to integrate cereal and legume crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Most studies on intercropping have focused on yield, weed control, and land use efficiency in the tropics. Few studies have researched C and nitrogen (N) dynamics in temperate intercrops, with respect to soybean and maize residue stabilization. Soil from Balcarce, Argentina, was incubated for 140 days with soybean, maize, or no residue. Throughout the incubation, results illustrated the effect of residue application upon the soil, specifically through significantly higher amounts of light fraction (LF) C and LFN concentrations, soil microbial biomass (SMB) C and SMBN concentrations, higher microbial diversity, lower N2O production rates, in addition to distinct isotopic values in soil fractions and CO2 (p
Author: Felipe de Jesús Legorreta-Padilla
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cropping systems
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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Book Description
Author: Alison Regehr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Agricultural intensification to increase food, feed, and fibre production has also resulted in environmental degradation, including poorer soil quality and high emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) like nitrous oxide (N2O). Intercropping, an agroecosystem management practice where more than one crop is planted on the same plot of land at the same time, promotes the complementary use of soil nutrients, and may improve soil quality and increase the retention of inorganic nitrogen (N) in the soil, thereby reducing N2O emissions. An experiment was conducted in Balcarce, Argentina to determine the impact of intercropping maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), (either 1:2 or 2:3 rows of maize to soybean) on soil quality and soil N transformations after six cropping seasons. It was found that intercropping significantly improved soil quality over a six year period, as indicated by the soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), soil light fraction organic matter (LF), and soil microbial biomass carbon (SMB-C). However, the soil quality also significantly improved in the sole crops over this time, and in 2012, only SMB-C was significantly (p
Author: Rattan Lal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000483916
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
Soil organic matter (SOM) is the primary determinant of soil functionality. Soil organic carbon (SOC) accounts for 50% of the SOM content, accompanied by nitrogen, phosphorus, and a range of macro and micro elements. As a dynamic component, SOM is a source of numerous ecosystem services critical to human well-being and nature conservancy. Important among these goods and services generated by SOM include moderation of climate as a source or sink of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases, storage and purification of water, a source of energy and habitat for biota (macro, meso, and micro-organisms), a medium for plant growth, cycling of elements (N, P, S, etc.), and generation of net primary productivity (NPP). The quality and quantity of NPP has direct impacts on the food and nutritional security of the growing and increasingly affluent human population. Soils of agroecosystems are depleted of their SOC reserves in comparison with those of natural ecosystems. The magnitude of depletion depends on land use and the type and severity of degradation. Soils prone to accelerated erosion can be strongly depleted of their SOC reserves, especially those in the surface layer. Therefore, conservation through restorative land use and adoption of recommended management practices to create a positive soil-ecosystem carbon budget can increase carbon stock and soil health. This volume of Advances in Soil Sciences aims to accomplish the following: Present impacts of land use and soil management on SOC dynamics Discuss effects of SOC levels on agronomic productivity and use efficiency of inputs Detail potential of soil management on the rate and cumulative amount of carbon sequestration in relation to land use and soil/crop management Deliberate the cause-effect relationship between SOC content and provisioning of some ecosystem services Relate soil organic carbon stock to soil properties and processes Establish the relationship between soil organic carbon stock with land and climate Identify controls of making soil organic carbon stock as a source or sink of CO2 Connect soil organic carbon and carbon sequestration for climate mitigation and adaptation
Author: Solomon Kebebew
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659183270
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
A field experiment was conducted at Mizan-Teferi with the objectives of evaluating the effect of maize- soybean intercropping on growth, yield components and yield of intercrops and identifying the optimum population density and varieties of soybean that maximizes productivity of the system. Maize hybrid and three soybean varieties with three planting densities (25%, 50% and 75%) and their respective sole were arranged in RCBD in factorial combination with three replications. Therefore, maize intercropped with Awassa-95 at 50% planting density showed a yield advantage of 23.71% over sole cropped maize. LER was greater than one justified that a yield advantage of (14-32%) and (6-28%) as depicted by LER 1.14-1.32 and 1.06 -1.28 due to main effects of varieties and planting densities, respectively. Generally, as LER was superior in all intercrops evaluating that the productivity of maize-soybean intercropping showed a higher relative yield advantage of 32% over sole cropping. Therefore, a variety Awassa-95 at 50% planting density was better in resources utilization attributed to yield under this additive intercropping system.
Author: Shuhui Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Sustainable agriculture in China is highly threatened by rapid urbanization, land degradation and high population pressure. Yunnan Province, south-west China, is 94% mountainous and lacks flat land. Food shortages and inappropriate cultivation have led to intensive cultivation of steep, marginal and fragile land and have increased soil erosion. To curb this situation andassist with poverty alleviation, it is crucial to develop more productive and sustainable cropping systems. An experiment was conducted on sloping areas from 1999 to 2001 in Wang Jia Catchment, Yunnan Province. The project aim was to evaluate the effects of five selected cultivation practices on maize productivity and soil properties. The treatments were: (1) downslope cultivation without mulch, (2) contour cultivation without mulch, (3) contour cultivationwith polythene mulch, (4) contour cultivation with polythene and wheat straw mulch (Integrated Contour with Plastic and Straw Mulch Treatment, INCOPLAST) and (5) contour cultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping, wide and narrow row spacing, with soybean in wide row spacing. Crop growth parameters and soil physical properties were measured throughout the cropping seasons. Considering three years data, contour cultivation with polythene mulch generally increased soil temperature by a mean of 1-2?C. The polythene retained considerably more soil moisture during dry weather. However, during wet weather, polythene prevented rainfall directly falling on the soil, which led to less soil moisture content. The soil temperature andmoisture regimes under polythene mulch made plants grow faster and canopies developwell, leading to higher final yields. The benefit of polythene was 33-54% more yield than downslope cultivation without mulch treatment, over three seasons. Contour cultivation plus polythene and straw mulch retained significantly higher soil moisture levels. The yield of this treatment in 1999 was ranked second, but in 2000 it had the highest yield and in 2001 it was also more effective than contour cultivation with polythene mulch treatment. Contourcultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping improved maize yield. The soybean harvest also contributed to net income, the crop had a similar function to straw mulch and increased N availability. Contour cultivation increased yields over the range 7.2-11.2% over three seasons compared with downslope cultivation, equivalent to ~500-1000 kg per hectaremore grain produced. There were few clear trends in soil properties over the 1999-2001 period. However, N concentrations increased in the contour cultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping treatment. Both contour cultivation with polythene and straw mulch and contour cultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping gave apparent increases in total K, probably resulting from both decayed straw and decomposed soybean leaves. In terms of simple cost-benefit evaluation, downslope cultivation had the lowest input and output, while contour cultivation had a similar input, but a higher output. Contour cultivation with polythene had the highest net return. Contour cultivation with polythene and straw had a high output but did not give a higher net return than contour cultivation with polythene. Contour cultivation with polythene mulch and intercropping generally had the highest input and output and could give a higher net return than contour cultivation with polythene when the soybean harvest was successful, but over three years this treatment had the greatest risk from crop failure. It is recommended that replacing downslope cultivation with contour cultivation can increase crop yields and this simple action could contribute to the development of more sustainable cropping systems in Yunnan. Polythene mulch achieved higher maize yields but its environmental impact requires further study. It is considered that contour cultivation withpolythene and straw mulch or soybean intercropping could contribute towards moreproductive and sustainable cropping systems where soil conservation is high priority. Thetechnique could assist with long-term soil, water and nutrient conservation and improvedcrop productivity.
Author: Sudhakar Srivastava
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832538002
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
Author: Kevin A. Schoessow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Author: MADHU M
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
Author: Ahmed Amin Ahmed Saleh
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659169007
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Inter cropping techniques between soybean and maize is one of agricultural practices to improve the quantity of crop production will reduce the environmental problems . In addition decreased cultivated area of rice and increased cultivated area of maize.Maize and soybean was infested by several pests and diseases which cause damage in quality and quantity in final yield, the frequent and excessive use of pesticides which affected the ecosystem, so that the present work focus to study some intercropping systems of soybean and maize, carry out studies on maize and soybean, survey and population density studies on dominant pests and diseases, survey and population density studies on associated natural enemies, using some alternative pesticides against target pests comparing to recommended pesticides, use Trichogramma parasitoid to control the corn borer and similar pests, biochemical studies for treated insects to investigate changes in physiological parameters, forecasting pest populations, study oil percentage on Soybean seeds and determination of aflatoxin and The production of the loaf bread with high quality and rich in nutrients.
