Angiogenesis Regulates Prostate Cancer Metastasis PDF Download
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Cancer progression depends upon the establishment of an adequate blood supply. The purpose of our studies has been to evaluate the relevance of angiogenesis in the progression of prostate cancer by evaluating the roles of three different angiogenic molecules (vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF), interleukin 8 IL-8, and basic fibroblast growth factor BFGF).
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Cancer progression depends upon the establishment of an adequate blood supply. The purpose of our studies has been to evaluate the relevance of angiogenesis in the progression of prostate cancer by evaluating the roles of three different angiogenic molecules (vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF), interleukin 8 IL-8, and basic fibroblast growth factor BFGF).
Author: Christina Lee Grant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) transmembrane peptidase is highly expressed on endothelial cells of tumor vasculature and on epithelial cells in advanced and metastatic prostate carcinoma where its expression correlates with tumor progression. While the expression pattern of PSMA makes it a potentially attractive target for therapeutic development, the precise function of PSMA in either tumor associated endothelium or prostate epithelial cells is not clear. PSMA has been shown to be significantly and universally up-regulated on the vasculature of solid tumors, while it is absent in normal, quiescent vessels suggesting it may play a role in pathologic angiogenesis. Inhibiting the enzymatic activity of PSMA leads to a decrease in endothelial cell adhesion, invasion and migration in vitro, processes which are necessary for angiogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that PSMA may play a role in angiogenesis in vivo. We examined tumor initiation, growth and metastasis in a transgenic model of tumor progression in wild-type and PSMA-null animals. We also investigated the relative contribution of tumor vs. endothelial PSMA expression using PSMA positive tumor allografts into wild type or PSMA null mice, and show that PSMA expression on endothelial cells is necessary for tumor angiogenesis. We also showed that PSMA contribution to pathologic angiogenesis was not restricted to tumor angiogenesis, using a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity to show that PSMA function changes outcome in this model. Understanding the contribution of PSMA to angiogenesis progression will further understanding of diseases involving pathologic blood vessel growth. While angiogenesis occurs during normal development and in healing wounds, it is also involved in processes which involve the growth of new blood vessels, such as tumor growth and metastasis and the pathologic overgrowth of vessels into the eye which often results in blindness. Better understanding of the molecules regulating this process may lead to new therapies for tumor metastasis and for diseases involving detrimental angiogenesis.
Author: Sarah Nock
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anoxemia
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
Hypoxia is known to be a characteristic of the inner tumor environment. In order to restore oxygen to the tumor, cancer cells will increase production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is necessary for angiogenesis and, therefore, tumor growth. VEGF is present in different splice forms, with the predominant in cancer cells being VEGF121 and VEGF165. These splice forms have distinct characteristics which allow for different patterns of blood vessel formation within the tumor. VEGF121 lacks the heparin binding domain that is present in VEGF165, and thus is capable of diffusing away from the site of origin through the extracellular matrix and recruiting larger, pre-existing blood vessels. VEGF165, however, can bind to the heparin in the extracellular matrix and is sequestered locally, allowing it to create more internal microvessels than VEGF121. VEGF121 has also been implicated in more aggressive, metastatic cancer types. We hypothesized that VEGF expression in prostate cancer cells would increase in response to hypoxic conditions, favoring the VEGF121 isoform. We examined VEGF splice form mRNA production in both LNCaP and PC3 cells, which are prostate cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials. Our findings suggest that hypoxia does cause an increase in both splice forms relative to expression under normoxic conditions, with a greater increase in fold change observed for VEGF121. These results of elevated VEGF121 indicate an increase in the potential for angiogenic and metastatic prostate cancer growth. Overall this work highlights the role of the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in regulating the functionally distinct VEGF isoforms in cancer cells.
Author: Gilles Lugassy
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1135411891
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
This text provides comprehensive and timely coverage of the current knowledge of cancer-associated thrombosis, its pathogenesis, clinical features, prevention, and therapy. It specifically addresses the relationship between hemostatic systems and cancer, thus providing a unique and much needed focus. All of the contributors are acknowledged specialists in their fields and have experience conducting large clinical trials in oncology and thrombosis. Their discussions cover all aspects of the topic, from long-term complications to cancer surgery. It will be of interest to general practitioners, internists, oncologists, hematologists, and all physicians involved in the management of cancer patients.
Author: Rahul Jandial
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781587066597
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. The spread of a primary tumor to colonize neighboring and distant organs is the relentless endgame that defines the neoplastic process. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer are treated to prevent both the recurrence of the tumor at the site of origin and metastasis that would re-stage them as advanced stage IV cancer. Historically and still with some types of cancer, stage IV is perceived by patients as “terminal.” Fortunately, recent molecular therapies have extended the lives of patients with advanced cancer and reassuringly people living with metastatic disease increasingly visit our clinics. What is the path forward? Given that the consilience of science and medicine is a dynamic art from which therapies arise, it would be misguided to consider any single work adequate at capturing the horizon for research. So with humility we constructed this text as primer for scientists. It begins with a broad introduction to the clinical management of common cancers. This is intended to serve as a foundation for investigators to consider when developing basic science hypotheses. Unquestionably, medical and surgical care of cancer patients reveals biology and dictates how novel therapeutics will ultimately be evaluated in clinical trials. The second section of this text offers provocative and evolving insights that underscore the breadth of science involved in the elucidation of cancer metastasis biology. The text concludes with information that integrates scientific and clinical foundations to highlight translational research. This book serves as a framework for scientists to conceptualize clinical and translational knowledge on the complexity of disease that is metastatic cancer.
Author: Manfred Wirth
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110807270
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author: Anne Le
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331977736X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.
Author: Ajit Varki
Publisher: CSHL Press
ISBN: 9780879696818
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 694
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Book Description
Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Author: R. John Bicknell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Neovascularization
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Tumour Angiogenesis is the first comprehensive book to cover all areas of this rapidly expanding research area. Each chapter is written by world experts in the field and topics covered include in vivo models, mechanisms, inhibition, and the role of macrophages, cytokines, proteases,extracellular matrix components, nitric oxide, prostanoids and oncogenes/tumour suppressor genes in angiogenesis. Other chapters examine the role of specific growth factors in angiogenesis - these include vascular endothelial growth factor, the basic fibroblast growth factor family, transforminggrowth factor-beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase and pleiotrophin and related molecules. Clinical issues are addressed in chapters that deal with the prognostic and predictive value of tumour microvessel density and thetherapeutic significance of microregional blood flow. The two final chapters examine the feasibility of targeting tumour vasculature using either antibodies or gene therapy.
Author: Carolyn A. Staton
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 047002934X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is essential for physiological growth and over 18,000 research articles have been published describing the role of angiogenesis in over 70 different diseases, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. One of the most important technical challenges in such studies has been finding suitable methods for assessing the effects of regulators of eh angiogenic response. While increasing numbers of angiogenesis assays are being described both in vitro and in vivo, it is often still necessary to use a combination of assays to identify the cellular and molecular events in angiogenesis and the full range of effects of a given test protein. Although the endothelial cell - its migration, proliferation, differentiation and structural rearrangement - is central to the angiogenic process, it is not the only cell type involved. the supporting cells, the extracellular matrix and the circulating blood with its cellular and humoral components also contribute. In this book, experts in the use of a diverse range of assays outline key components of these and give a critical appraisal of their strengths and weaknesses. Examples include assays for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures, assessment of endothelial and mural cell interactions, and such in vivo assays as the chick chorioallantoic membrane, zebrafish, corneal, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. These are followed by a critical analysis of the biological end-points currently being used in clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, which leads into a discussion of the direction future studies should take. This valuable book is of interest to research scientists currently working on angiogenesis in both the academic community and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Relevant disciplines include cell and molecular biology, oncology, cardiovascular research, biotechnology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology.
