Analysis of the Function and Transcriptional Regulation of the Recombination Activating Genes-1 and -2 PDF Download
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Author: Zoran Galic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Author: Zoran Galic
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Author: Ali Akbar Zarrin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In all vertebrates, the genes encoding Antigen Receptor (AgR) variable (V) regions are assembled during B and T cell development from gene segments termed V, (D), and J through the process of V(D)J recombination. V(D)J recombination is central for the successful function and development of B and T cell lymphocytes. Recombination Activating Gene 1 (RAG1) and RAG2 are the essential and tissue specific components of V(D)J recombination. Their precise pattern of expression during B and T cell development determines where and when V(D)J recombination occurs. This thesis describes studies on the regulation of RAG1 and RAG2 at the transcription level. In chapter 2, I have characterized the exon 1 and promoter region of human RAG1. I show that a single promoter region is used for RAG1 transcription. In chapter 3, I describe the isolation and characterization of the human RAG2 promoter regions. The major transcription initiation site (exon 1A) of human RAG2 is located 3.9 kb upstream of the coding exon while the less frequently used transcription initiation site (exon 1B) is only 0.7 kb upstream of the coding exon. Two alternate promoters upstream of exon1A or 1B drive the transcription of RAG2 gene. Using transient assays, I show that promoter regions of human RAG1 and RAG2 are active in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell lines. Chapter 4 describes an approach that I took to study the tissue-specific regulation of RAG genes. I stably transfected a 65 kb P1 phage genomic clone containing RAG1, RAG2 and their surrounding sequences, into the human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa (RAG1-, RAG2-) and the mouse pre-B cell line, NFS-70 (RAG1+, RAG2+). I found consistent expression of the human RAG1 gene in multiple clones of NFS-70 cell line while no RAG1 expression was detected in HeLa clones suggesting that this genomic clone contains some of the sequences required for the tissue-specific regulation of RAG1. In chapter 5, I describe the second approach to isolate the potential regulatory elements by subcloning fragments of the P1 phage into the RAG1 promoter construct and subsequently looking for enhancer or silencer activity. I located a 1425 bp within the 3' untranslated region of the RAG1 gene with enhancer activity. In chapter 6, I describe the subcloning and sequencing a 7.3 kilobase of the 5' flanking region of human RAG2 to look for potential conserved regulatory elements between human and mouse species. In Chapter 7, models of RAG1/RAG2 promoters, and their tissue-specific transcriptional regulation are discussed.
Author: Haitao Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Author: Laurent Karl Verkoczy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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It has been suggested that a signal transduced through the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) may be required for regulating the expression of the recombination activating genes. To study this possibility, we utilized a unique set of cell variants from the human mature B cell line OCI LY8 which vary in expression of both the BCR and of the RAG-1 and RAG-2 genes. Two forms of stimulation were employed to generate a signal: either a soluble F(ab) '2 anti-[mu] fragment or the combination of PMA and ionomycin. The finding that RAG expression can be upregulated by BCR ligation may be relevant in the context of its potential role in situations where BCR + B cells may undergo secondary rearrangements for the purpose of "editing" their sIg receptors. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in this inducible upregulation as well as in the constitutively expressed increases in RAG gene expression in RAGhi OCI LY8 variants (as compared to the parental RAGlo clone), we determined to what extent various levels of regulation were contributing to these effects. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Author: Tasuku Honjo
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780123979339
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics.
Author: Bruce Alberts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cytology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Tasuku Honjo
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080534511
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
The immunoglobulin gene complex is responsible for generating an extraordinarily wide range of antibodies, each possessing a unique antigen specificity. The Second Edition of Immunoglobulin Genes brings the reader up to date with the rapid progress in our understanding of this system. Firmly established as the definitive book on the topic, it provides a fully comprehensive account of the organization, function, rearrangement and expression of these and related genes. Since the publication of the first edition, the work has been extensively revised and updated to cover new research data on human immunoglobulin genes as well as mammalian and lower vertebrate systems. New chapters include "Somatic mutation and B cell Maturation", "Antigen receptors" and "B lymphocyte tolerance in the mouse." For the immunologist, there are detailed descriptions of the molecular mechanisms which generate this diverse range of antibodies and the tight regulation of the genes encoding them. Molecular biologists will find discussions of important phenomena including gene rearrangement, differential splicing and deletion in the context of immunoglobulin genes. The excitement of research on immunoglobulin genes is conveyed by the range and complexity of issues discussed here; the book contains invaluable information for clinicians and research scientists with an interest in the immune response. * Conveys the excitement of research on immunoglobulin genes by the range and complexity of issues * Contains invaluable information for clinicians and research scientists with an interest in the immune response * For the Immunologist * Detailed descriptions of the molecular mechanisms generating this diverse range of antibodies and the regulation of genes encoding them * For the Molecular Biologist * Discusses important phenomena including gene rearrangement, differential splicing, and deletion in the context of immunoglobulin genes.
Author: Robert C. Bast, Jr.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111900084X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2004
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Book Description
Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates
Author: Paul-Pierre Pastoret
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080533760
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 698
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Book Description
This unique book provides a comprehensive and comparative guide to the immune systems of major vertebrate species, including domestic and wild animals of veterinary or medical interest, fish and amphibia. Data in this essential reference work has been compiled by world-renowned editors and an international group of authors. For each species, the information is presented in a structured 'user-friendly' format allowing easy cross reference and comparison between the various species. This book will be considered the definitive reference work on vertebrate immunology and will be essential for scientists and professionals working in Immunology, Vaccinology or with Animal Models, for students of Veterinary or Human Medicine, Biology and researchers in Comparative Medicine and Physiology. Each section, devoted to a major animal group covers: Lymphoid organs and their anatomical disposition Leukocytes and their markers Leukocyte traffic and associated molecules Cytokines T cell receptors Immunoglobulins MHC antigens Ontogeny of the immune system Passive transfer of immunity Neonatal immune responses Non-specific immunity Complement system Mucosal immunity Immunodeficiencies Tumours of the immune system Autoimmunity
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128033304
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Book Description
Molecular Mechanisms That Orchestrate the Assembly of Antigen Receptor Loci, the latest volume in the Advances in Immunology series focuses on the generation of an effective immune response to invading pathogens As B and T lymphocytes are characterized by the expression of antigen receptors that specifically recognize determinants expressed on pathogens, this volume discusses how antigen receptors are synthesized in B and T lymphocytes. Focuses on the generation of an effective immune response to invading pathogens Contains contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of immunology
