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Author: John Williams Spink
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Intellectual property
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
Author: John Williams Spink
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Intellectual property
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
Author: Piotr Stryszowski
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789291562060
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
This study offers unique up-to-date analysis of the impact on global trade of counterfeit and pirated products, known as "fakes" by the general public. Using statistical analysis and drawing on a global dataset covering almost half million customs data on seizures, the study estimates the huge share of international trade commandeered by counterfeit and pirated goods. In 2013, international trade in such products represented up to 2.5% of world trade, or as much as USD 461 billion. This is the equivalent of the GDP of Austria, or the combined GDP of Ireland and the Czech Republic. Above all, it highlights that right holders, governments and the formal economy as a whole suffer from significant economic and social losses. It also gives an idea about the potential financial revenues collected by criminal networks that are behind such trade.^More specifically, counterfeit and pirated products amounted to up to 5 % of imports in 2013 in the European Union, or as much as EUR 85 billion (USD 116 billion). This suggests that the relative impact of counterfeiting is twice as high for a group of developed countries, such as the EU, than it is for the world as a whole. The scope of the phenomenon appears to be greater than a decade ago. Back in 2008, a previous OECD study estimated that counterfeit and pirated goods accounted for up to 1.9 % of world imports, or up to USD 200 billion, relying on the best data and more limited methods available at that time. In the context of today's revival of international trade in the global economy, there is no shortage of opportunities for counterfeiters and criminals. Counterfeit and pirated trade is a major threat to any modern, knowledge-based economy. Counterfeiting and piracy matter in an innovation driven global economy.^Intellectual property (IP) is a key value generator for firms, helping them succeed in competitive markets. At the macroeconomic level, IP protection and enforcement is one of the main drivers of innovation, which contributes to long term economic growth. Given the fundamental economic importance of IP, counterfeiting and piracy must be directly targeted as a threat to sustainable IP-based business models.
Author: Mark (Mohammad) Tehranipoor
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319118242
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
This timely and exhaustive study offers a much-needed examination of the scope and consequences of the electronic counterfeit trade. The authors describe a variety of shortcomings and vulnerabilities in the electronic component supply chain, which can result in counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs). Not only does this book provide an assessment of the current counterfeiting problems facing both the public and private sectors, it also offers practical, real-world solutions for combatting this substantial threat. · Helps beginners and practitioners in the field by providing a comprehensive background on the counterfeiting problem; · Presents innovative taxonomies for counterfeit types, test methods, and counterfeit defects, which allows for a detailed analysis of counterfeiting and its mitigation; · Provides step-by-step solutions for detecting different types of counterfeit ICs; · Offers pragmatic and practice-oriented, realistic solutions to counterfeit IC detection and avoidance, for industry and government.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 926404552X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 399
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Book Description
This study develops and applies a rigorous methodology to estimate the incidence of counterfeit and pirated items in world trade.
Author: John W. Spink
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 1493996215
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 665
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Book Description
This textbook provides both the theoretical and concrete foundations needed to fully develop, implement, and manage a Food Fraud Prevention Strategy. The scope of focus includes all types of fraud (from adulterant-substances to stolen goods to counterfeits) and all types of products (from ingredients through to finished goods at retail). There are now broad, harmonized, and thorough regulatory and standard certification requirements for the food manufacturers, suppliers, and retailers. These requirements create a need for a more focused and systematic approach to understanding the root cause, conducting vulnerability assessments, and organizing and implementing a Food Fraud Prevention Strategy. A major step in the harmonizing and sharing of best practices was the 2018 industry-wide standards and certification requirements in the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) endorsed Food Safety Management Systems (e.g., BRC, FSSC, IFS, & SQF). Addressing food fraud is now NOT optional – requirements include implementing a Food Fraud Vulnerability Assessment and a Food Fraud Prevention Strategy for all types of fraud and for all products. The overall prevention strategy presented in this book begins with the basic requirements and expands through the criminology root cause analysis to the final resource-allocation decision-making based on the COSO principle of Enterprise Risk Management/ ERM. The focus on the root cause expands from detection and catching bad guys to the application of foundational criminology concepts that reduce the overall vulnerability. The concepts are integrated into a fully integrated and inter-connected management system that utilizes the Food Fraud Prevention Cycle (FFPC) that starts with a pre-filter or Food Fraud Initial Screening (FFIS). This is a comprehensive and all-encompassing textbook that takes an interdisciplinary approach to the most basic and most challenging questions of how to start, what to do, how much is enough, and how to measure success.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264312501
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
This study examines the value, scope and trends of trade in counterfeit and pirated goods. First, it presents the overall scale of this trade and discusses which parts of the economy are particularly at risk. Next, it looks at the main economies of origin of fakes in global trade. Finally, it ...
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309269393
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
The adulteration and fraudulent manufacture of medicines is an old problem, vastly aggravated by modern manufacturing and trade. In the last decade, impotent antimicrobial drugs have compromised the treatment of many deadly diseases in poor countries. More recently, negligent production at a Massachusetts compounding pharmacy sickened hundreds of Americans. While the national drugs regulatory authority (hereafter, the regulatory authority) is responsible for the safety of a country's drug supply, no single country can entirely guarantee this today. The once common use of the term counterfeit to describe any drug that is not what it claims to be is at the heart of the argument. In a narrow, legal sense a counterfeit drug is one that infringes on a registered trademark. The lay meaning is much broader, including any drug made with intentional deceit. Some generic drug companies and civil society groups object to calling bad medicines counterfeit, seeing it as the deliberate conflation of public health and intellectual property concerns. Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs accepts the narrow meaning of counterfeit, and, because the nuances of trademark infringement must be dealt with by courts, case by case, the report does not discuss the problem of counterfeit medicines.
Author: OECD
Publisher: Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
ISBN: 9789264426986
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This report, one in a series of studies by the OECD and the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), enhances understanding of the issues and challenges facing governments, businesses and society posed by the trade in fake pharmaceutical products. Illicit markets for fake pharmaceuticals are attractive for counterfeiters, given the high profit margins, low risks of detection and prosecution, weak penalties, and the ease with which consumers can be deceived into believing that the counterfeit products are genuine. Counterfeit medicines not only cause economic damage for the sector, but are also a significant threat to public health, since fake medicines are often not properly formulated and may contain dangerous ingredients. Fake pharmaceuticals include antibiotics, lifestyle treatments, pain killers, anti-malarial drugs, diabetes treatments and central nervous system medicines.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309180740
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
A key mission of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing of the Department of the Treasury is the design and printing of U.S. banknotes. The BEP is responsible for producing easily recognizable currency that is difficult to counterfeit. In recent years, the bureau has recognized the modern information technology could lead to entirely new types of counterfeiting threats, and it has requested a number of studies by the NRC to assess these evolving threats. In this new request, the BEP asked the NRC to identify and evaluate significant emerging counterfeiting threats and to assess technologically feasible counterfeit-deterrent features for potential use in new designs. This first report provides an assessment of emerging threats including a wide range of digital imaging and printing techniques. It also presents an analysis of a systems approach to the counterfeiting threat. The second report will offer an evaluation of new banknote features to address these threats.
Author: OECD
Publisher: Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
ISBN: 9789264251830
Category : Developing Countries
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This report assesses the magnitude, flows and drivers of illicit trade and the illegal economy including: narcotics, human trafficking, wildlife, sports betting, counterfeit medicines, alcohol and tobacco. The negative socio-economic impacts that these markets have in consumer countries are as worrisome as the goverance gaps that are exploited in source countries. This report examines each illicit sector in terms of the geographic sources, destinations and key trade routes, the current trend of infiltration by organized crime networks, and good practices or future policy solutions with which to combat illicit trade within the various sectors.
