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Author: Ibrahim Kahraman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Petroleum leakage from storage tanks, underground pipelines during exploration and production facilities is the reason of hydrocarbon migration into the groundwater. Petroleum companies use various LNAPL (Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids) recovery techniques to prevent lateral migration of hydrocarbon through the offsite of a facility. A petroleum refinery facility in the Gulf Coast region of South Texas was selected to evaluate ongoing LNAPL recovery system. Three analyses were carried out in this study. First, hydrogeologic conditions were determined using DGP (Diagnostic Gauge Plots). The concept of why ANT (Apparent LNAPL Thickness) is not a good metric to estimate recovery rates was explained based on hydrogeologic conditions of LNAPL. LNAPL and groundwater surface contour maps were built to have information about the direction of flow. All map illustrations were created using ArcGIS software. Well configurations were used to determine hydrogeologic condition in case of lack sufficient data for DGP. Second, LNAPL transmissivity were estimated using API (American Petroleum Institute) LNAPL Transmissivity Workbook. LNAPL condition was required in estimating LNAPL transmissivity values with API workbook, where methods of analysis are dependent of LNAPL condition. Total fluids recovery data were also used to estimate transmissivity values in the study wells. 0.08 ft2/d transmissivity value was arbitrarily chosen to determine the endpoint of recovery. Third, LNAPL recovery rates were predicted using LDRM (LNAPL Distribution and Recovery Model) for 11 recovery wells in the study region. Single phase -water- extraction method was used for LNAPL recovery under atmospheric conditions. Soil and fluid properties along with recovery system data were required for LNAPL recovery estimation. Some of these data were available from the dataset provided by oil company and some of them were estimated using API and Rosetta databases. Soil properties, radius of recovery values, and water production rates were calibrated in order to fit the LDRM recovery and transmissivity results with the actual field data. The modeled recovery rates and transmissivity values were consistent with actual data. Projections for future in a well were made. The model can be used for the endpoint of recovery projections.
Author: Ibrahim Kahraman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Petroleum leakage from storage tanks, underground pipelines during exploration and production facilities is the reason of hydrocarbon migration into the groundwater. Petroleum companies use various LNAPL (Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids) recovery techniques to prevent lateral migration of hydrocarbon through the offsite of a facility. A petroleum refinery facility in the Gulf Coast region of South Texas was selected to evaluate ongoing LNAPL recovery system. Three analyses were carried out in this study. First, hydrogeologic conditions were determined using DGP (Diagnostic Gauge Plots). The concept of why ANT (Apparent LNAPL Thickness) is not a good metric to estimate recovery rates was explained based on hydrogeologic conditions of LNAPL. LNAPL and groundwater surface contour maps were built to have information about the direction of flow. All map illustrations were created using ArcGIS software. Well configurations were used to determine hydrogeologic condition in case of lack sufficient data for DGP. Second, LNAPL transmissivity were estimated using API (American Petroleum Institute) LNAPL Transmissivity Workbook. LNAPL condition was required in estimating LNAPL transmissivity values with API workbook, where methods of analysis are dependent of LNAPL condition. Total fluids recovery data were also used to estimate transmissivity values in the study wells. 0.08 ft2/d transmissivity value was arbitrarily chosen to determine the endpoint of recovery. Third, LNAPL recovery rates were predicted using LDRM (LNAPL Distribution and Recovery Model) for 11 recovery wells in the study region. Single phase -water- extraction method was used for LNAPL recovery under atmospheric conditions. Soil and fluid properties along with recovery system data were required for LNAPL recovery estimation. Some of these data were available from the dataset provided by oil company and some of them were estimated using API and Rosetta databases. Soil properties, radius of recovery values, and water production rates were calibrated in order to fit the LDRM recovery and transmissivity results with the actual field data. The modeled recovery rates and transmissivity values were consistent with actual data. Projections for future in a well were made. The model can be used for the endpoint of recovery projections.
Author: Özdoğan Yilmaz
Publisher: SEG Books
ISBN: 1560800941
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2065
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Book Description
Expanding the author's original work on processing to include inversion and interpretation, and including developments in all aspects of conventional processing, this two-volume set is a comprehensive and complete coverage of the modern trends in the seismic industry - from time to depth, from 3D to 4D, from 4D to 4C, and from isotropy to anisotropy.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Author: Özdoğan Yilmaz
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780931830419
Category : Seismic prospecting
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309278139
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Author: Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069327
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
In the past decade, officials responsible for clean-up of contaminated groundwater have increasingly turned to natural attenuation-essentially allowing naturally occurring processes to reduce the toxic potential of contaminants-versus engineered solutions. This saves both money and headaches. To the people in surrounding communities, though, it can appear that clean-up officials are simply walking away from contaminated sites. When is natural attenuation the appropriate approach to a clean-up? This book presents the consensus of a diverse committee, informed by the views of researchers, regulators, and community activists. The committee reviews the likely effectiveness of natural attenuation with different classes of contaminants-and describes how to evaluate the "footprints" of natural attenuation at a site to determine whether natural processes will provide adequate clean-up. Included are recommendations for regulatory change. The committee emphasizes the importance of the public's belief and attitudes toward remediation and provides guidance on involving community stakeholders throughout the clean-up process. The book explores how contamination occurs, explaining concepts and terms, and includes case studies from the Hanford nuclear site, military bases, as well as other sites. It provides historical background and important data on clean-up processes and goes on to offer critical reviews of 14 published protocols for evaluating natural attenuation.
Author: J. Russell Boulding
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 0788132040
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
Provides information on where to go to find detailed guidance on how to use these techniques. Covers: remote sensing & surface geophysical methods; drilling & solids sampling methods; geophysical logging of boreholes; aquifer test methods; ground water sampling methods; Vadose Zone (VZ) hydrologic properties: water state, infiltration, conductivity, & flux; VZ water budget characterization methods; VZ soil-solute/gas sampling & monitoring methods; & chemical field screening & analytical methods. Charts, tables, graphs & drawings.
Author: Bernard H. Kueper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 1461469228
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 759
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Book Description
The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.
Author: Jacob Bear
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402066821
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 851
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Book Description
In many parts of the world, groundwater resources are under increasing threat from growing demands, wasteful use, and contamination. To face the challenge, good planning and management practices are needed. A key to the management of groundwater is the ability to model the movement of fluids and contaminants in the subsurface. The purpose of this book is to construct conceptual and mathematical models that can provide the information required for making decisions associated with the management of groundwater resources, and the remediation of contaminated aquifers. The basic approach of this book is to accurately describe the underlying physics of groundwater flow and solute transport in heterogeneous porous media, starting at the microscopic level, and to rigorously derive their mathematical representation at the macroscopic levels. The well-posed, macroscopic mathematical models are formulated for saturated, single phase flow, as well as for unsaturated and multiphase flow, and for the transport of single and multiple chemical species. Numerical models are presented and computer codes are reviewed, as tools for solving the models. The problem of seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers is examined and modeled. The issues of uncertainty in model input data and output are addressed. The book concludes with a chapter on the management of groundwater resources. Although one of the main objectives of this book is to construct mathematical models, the amount of mathematics required is kept minimal.
