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Languages : en
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A system for the reduction of the complex gamma spectra of nuclides in the uranium, actinium, and thorium series, tailored to calculation of line intensities, analyses of errors, and identification of nuclides is described. This system provides an efficient technique for characterizing contamination in the environs of uranium mines and mills. Identification of the nuclides and calculation of their concentrations require accurate knowledge of gamma energies and absolute quantum intensities. For some spectral lines, there are no reported measurements of absolute quantum intensities and in some cases where reports are available the measured intensities are not in agreement. In order to improve this data base, the spectra of gamma rays (of nuclides in the uranium and actinium series) with energies between 40 and 1400 keV were measured using high-resolution germanium detectors. A brief description of the spectroscopy system, computational algorithms for deconvolution, and methods of calibration for energy and efficiency, are described. The measured energies and absolute quantum intensities are compared with those reported in the literature.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
A system for the reduction of the complex gamma spectra of nuclides in the uranium, actinium, and thorium series, tailored to calculation of line intensities, analyses of errors, and identification of nuclides is described. This system provides an efficient technique for characterizing contamination in the environs of uranium mines and mills. Identification of the nuclides and calculation of their concentrations require accurate knowledge of gamma energies and absolute quantum intensities. For some spectral lines, there are no reported measurements of absolute quantum intensities and in some cases where reports are available the measured intensities are not in agreement. In order to improve this data base, the spectra of gamma rays (of nuclides in the uranium and actinium series) with energies between 40 and 1400 keV were measured using high-resolution germanium detectors. A brief description of the spectroscopy system, computational algorithms for deconvolution, and methods of calibration for energy and efficiency, are described. The measured energies and absolute quantum intensities are compared with those reported in the literature.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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This report describes the identification of radionuclides in the uranium, actinium, and thorium series by analysis of gamma spectra in the energy range of 40 to 1400 keV. Energies and absolute efficiencies for each gamma line were measured by means of a high-resolution germanium detector and compared with those in the literature. A gamma spectroscopy method, which utilizes an on-line computer for deconvolution of spectra, search and identification of each line, and estimation of activity for each radionuclide, was used to analyze soil and uranium tailings, and ore.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher: Bernan Press(PA)
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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"This report is intended to provide newcomers to uranium exploration with an up-to-date statement of the principal factors to be considered in planning and using gamma-ray surveys."--Introduction.
Author: Tasneem Aijaz Khan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 936
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Author: T. A. KHAN
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Alfred James Moses
Publisher: Reader's Digest Young Families
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Analytical Chemistry of the Actinide Elements presents a number of pertinent techniques for the analysis of actinides and provides sufficient information to guide the analyst in modifying procedures to meet special situations. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the discovery of elements 89-103, their oxidation state, and their electronic configuration. Information is provided on the safe handling of radioactive materials (all actinides are radioactive). The use of nuclear techniques in determining trace concentrations of actinides has led to the inclusion of chapters dealing wi ...
Author: Danielle Lynn McFall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Cerium-doped lanthanum bromide scintillation detection systems have recently been examined as an alternative to conventional detection systems, namely high-purity germanium, cadmium zinc telluride, and thallium-doped sodium iodide systems for various reasons including portability, sizing, and efficacy. As a non-destructive assay technique, these detectors quantify gamma rays from various samples to measure and identify specific radioisotopes. In nuclear facilities specializing in uranium, these detectors are mainly utilized to detect characteristic low-energy gamma rays of uranium-235, specifically, 143 keV, 163 keV, 186 keV, 202 keV and 205 keV gamma rays. Accurately distinguishing closely-spaced gamma rays in spectral data is a common challenge in the non-destructive assay field that is typically tackled through programs that analyze gamma-ray photopeaks. Unfortunately, standardized programs that cater to conventional detectors do not produce accurate results for highly-enriched uranium samples examined by lanthanum bromide detectors, as lanthanum bromide crystals have their own intrinsic background radiation and resolution. Thus, the development of a program that could anticipate and accurately analyze spectra of sources containing uranium-235 from lanthanum bromide detection systems was conducted and is presented in this thesis. In the spectral analysis program formed, uranium-235 source spectra are calibrated and subtractions of an intrinsic background spectrum, high-energy gamma-ray Compton continua, and a scatter-in Compton continuum from the 186 keV gamma ray proceeds. The program then fits Gaussian functions to each characteristic photopeak to determine its area, width, and centroid. The peak information retrieved from this program will ultimately be used with a separate differential attenuation program to quantify the amount of uranium-235. The spectral analyzation program developed can characterize the mass of uranium-235 in a sample to 10.33 percent error using a lanthanum bromide detection system without the use of a differential attenuation program. It should be noted that the primary purpose of determining uranium-235 mass with the spectra analyzation program alone was to investigate which uranium-235 photopeaks were susceptible to systematic errors and to guide future development in background subtraction methodologies. Overall, the software created in this research is successful in quickly characterizing lanthanum bromide spectra and is suggested for use in future non-destructive assay application
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 510
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