An Investigation of the Principles and Practices of Seismic Isolation in Bridge Structures PDF Download
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Author: Evan McNeil Lapointe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Within the past decade, seismic isolation systems have gained rapid popularity in the earthquake resistant design of bridge structures. This popularity has come in response to the inadequacy of earlier seismic design and retrofit methodologies. The mechanical shortcomings and subsequent failure mechanisms associated with the early elastic seismic design philosophy are first presented, followed by a study of the applicability of seismic isolation systems in bridge structures. This investigation includes a discussion of the susceptibility of simple span bridges to seismic failure, an overview of the behavior of base isolated structures, a detailed description of isolation system components, an explanation of the mechanics of elastometric isolation bearings, and a presentation of the linear theory of seismic isolation. The qualitative investigation of seismic isolation systems is supplemented by a quantitative nonlinear time-history analysis that illustrates the response of a simple span bridge to seismic excitation. The analysis examines the effects of the varying stiffness of a lead-rubber elastometric bearing upon structural response when subjected to the 1940 El Centro earthquake. The results confirm the expected behavior of isolated structures and emphasize the need for site-specific studies in the design of effective seismic isolation systems for bridge structures.
Author: Evan McNeil Lapointe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Within the past decade, seismic isolation systems have gained rapid popularity in the earthquake resistant design of bridge structures. This popularity has come in response to the inadequacy of earlier seismic design and retrofit methodologies. The mechanical shortcomings and subsequent failure mechanisms associated with the early elastic seismic design philosophy are first presented, followed by a study of the applicability of seismic isolation systems in bridge structures. This investigation includes a discussion of the susceptibility of simple span bridges to seismic failure, an overview of the behavior of base isolated structures, a detailed description of isolation system components, an explanation of the mechanics of elastometric isolation bearings, and a presentation of the linear theory of seismic isolation. The qualitative investigation of seismic isolation systems is supplemented by a quantitative nonlinear time-history analysis that illustrates the response of a simple span bridge to seismic excitation. The analysis examines the effects of the varying stiffness of a lead-rubber elastometric bearing upon structural response when subjected to the 1940 El Centro earthquake. The results confirm the expected behavior of isolated structures and emphasize the need for site-specific studies in the design of effective seismic isolation systems for bridge structures.
Author: M. Lee Marsh
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309223806
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 440, Performance-Based Seismic Bridge Design (PBSD) summarizes the current state of knowledge and practice for PBSD. PBSD is the process that links decision making for facility design with seismic input, facility response, and potential facility damage. The goal of PBSD is to provide decision makers and stakeholders with data that will enable them to allocate resources for construction based on levels of desired seismic performance"--Publisher's description.
Author: M. J. N. Priestley
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471579984
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
Because of their structural simplicity, bridges tend to beparticularly vulnerable to damage and even collapse when subjectedto earthquakes or other forms of seismic activity. Recentearthquakes, such as the ones in Kobe, Japan, and Oakland,California, have led to a heightened awareness of seismic risk andhave revolutionized bridge design and retrofit philosophies. In Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, three of the world's topauthorities on the subject have collaborated to produce the mostexhaustive reference on seismic bridge design currently available.Following a detailed examination of the seismic effects of actualearthquakes on local area bridges, the authors demonstrate designstrategies that will make these and similar structures optimallyresistant to the damaging effects of future seismicdisturbances. Relying heavily on worldwide research associated with recentquakes, Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges begins with anin-depth treatment of seismic design philosophy as it applies tobridges. The authors then describe the various geotechnicalconsiderations specific to bridge design, such as soil-structureinteraction and traveling wave effects. Subsequent chapters coverconceptual and actual design of various bridge superstructures, andmodeling and analysis of these structures. As the basis for their design strategies, the authors' focus is onthe widely accepted capacity design approach, in which particularlyvulnerable locations of potentially inelastic flexural deformationare identified and strengthened to accommodate a greater degree ofstress. The text illustrates how accurate application of thecapacity design philosophy to the design of new bridges results instructures that can be expected to survive most earthquakes withonly minor, repairable damage. Because the majority of today's bridges were built before thecapacity design approach was understood, the authors also devoteseveral chapters to the seismic assessment of existing bridges,with the aim of designing and implementing retrofit measures toprotect them against the damaging effects of future earthquakes.These retrofitting techniques, though not considered appropriate inthe design of new bridges, are given considerable emphasis, sincethey currently offer the best solution for the preservation ofthese vital and often historically valued thoroughfares. Practical and applications-oriented, Seismic Design and Retrofit ofBridges is enhanced with over 300 photos and line drawings toillustrate key concepts and detailed design procedures. As the onlytext currently available on the vital topic of seismic bridgedesign, it provides an indispensable reference for civil,structural, and geotechnical engineers, as well as students inrelated engineering courses. A state-of-the-art text on earthquake-proof design and retrofit ofbridges Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges fills the urgent need for acomprehensive and up-to-date text on seismic-ally resistant bridgedesign. The authors, all recognized leaders in the field,systematically cover all aspects of bridge design related toseismic resistance for both new and existing bridges. * A complete overview of current design philosophy for bridges,with related seismic and geotechnical considerations * Coverage of conceptual design constraints and their relationshipto current design alternatives * Modeling and analysis of bridge structures * An exhaustive look at common building materials and theirresponse to seismic activity * A hands-on approach to the capacity design process * Use of isolation and dissipation devices in bridge design * Important coverage of seismic assessment and retrofit design ofexisting bridges
Author: Andreas J Kappos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400739435
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
The book focuses on the use of inelastic analysis methods for the seismic assessment and design of bridges, for which the work carried out so far, albeit interesting and useful, is nevertheless clearly less than that for buildings. Although some valuable literature on the subject is currently available, the most advanced inelastic analysis methods that emerged during the last decade are currently found only in the specialised research-oriented literature, such as technical journals and conference proceedings. Hence the key objective of this book is two-fold, first to present all important methods belonging to the aforementioned category in a uniform and sufficient for their understanding and implementation length, and to provide also a critical perspective on them by including selected case-studies wherein more than one methods are applied to a specific bridge and by offering some critical comments on the limitations of the individual methods and on their relative efficiency. The book should be a valuable tool for both researchers and practicing engineers dealing with seismic design and assessment of bridges, by both making the methods and the analytical tools available for their implementation, and by assisting them to select the method that best suits the individual bridge projects that each engineer and/or researcher faces.
Author: Osman Eser Ozbulut
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The damaging effects of strong ground motions on highway bridges have revealed the limitations of conventional design methods and emphasized the need for innovative design concepts. Although seismic isolation systems have been proven to be an effective method of improving the response of bridges during earthquakes, the performance of base-isolated structures during near-field earthquakes has been questioned in recent years. Near-field earthquakes are characterized by long period and large- velocity pulses. They amplify seismic response of the isolation system since the period of these pulses usually coincides with the period of the isolated structures. This study explores the feasibility and effectiveness of shape memory alloy (SMA)-based isolation systems in order to mitigate the response of bridge structures against near-field ground motions. SMAs have several unique properties that can be exploited in seismic control applications. In this work, uniaxial tensile tests are conducted first to evaluate the degree to which the behavior of SMAs is affected by variations in loading rate and temperature. Then, a neuro-fuzzy model is developed to simulate the superelastic behavior of SMAs. The model is capable of capturing rate- and temperature-dependent material response while it remains simple enough to carry out numerical simulations. Next, parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of two SMA-based isolation systems, namely superelastic-friction base isolator (S-FBI) system and SMA/rubber-based (SRB) isolation system. The S-FBI system combines superelastic SMAs with a flat steel-Teflon bearing, whereas the SRB isolation system combines SMAs with a laminated rubber bearing rather than a sliding bearing. Upon evaluating the optimum design parameters for both SMA-based isolation systems, nonlinear time history analyzes with energy balance assessment are conducted to compare their performances. The results show that the S-FBI system has more favorable properties than the SRB isolation system. Next, the performance of the S-FBI systems is compared with that of traditional isolation systems used in practice. In addition, the effect of outside temperature on the seismic response of the S-FBI system is assessed. It is revealed that the S-FBI system can successfully reduce the response of bridges against near-field earthquakes and has excellent re-centering ability.
Author: Masahiko Higashino
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113422480X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
This state of the art report from an international task group (TG44) of CIB, the International Council of Building Research Organizations, presents a highly authoritative guide to the application of innovative technologies on response control and seismic isolation of buildings to practice worldwide. Many countries and cities are located in earthquake-prone areas making effective seismic design a major issue in structural engineering. Reassuringly, structural response control and seismic isolation have advanced remarkably in recent years following numerous studies internationally. Several major conferences have been held and reports have been written but little has been issued on the application of the technologies to good structural engineering practice. Plugging that gap, Response Control and Seismic Isolation of Buildings presents researchers in structural engineering (dynamics) and construction management with up-to-date applications of the latest technologies.
Author: Eftychia Apostolidi
Publisher: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering
ISBN: 385748182X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : de
Pages : 111
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Book Description
The seismic resilience of new and existing structures is a key priority for the protection of human lives and the reduction of economic losses in earthquake prone areas. The modern seismic codes have focused on the upgrade of the structural performance of the new and existing structures. However, in many cases it is preferrable to mitigate the effects of the earthquakes by reducing the induced loads in the structures using seismic isolation and response control devices. The limited expertise in the selection and design of the appropriate system for new and existing structures is the main challenge for an extensive use of seismic isolation and response control systems in practice. This document aims to provide a practical guide by presenting a collection of the most commonly used seismic isolation and response control systems and a critical evaluation of the main characteristics of these systems. Comparisons of the key parameters of the design processes for new buildings with seismic isolation are presented, while the application of seismic isolation systems and response control systems for the retrofitting of existing structures is also examined, followed by various case studies from Greece, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, and Turkey.
Author: W.F. Chen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420039788
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Book Description
Mitigating the effects of earthquakes is crucial to bridge design. With chapters culled from the best-selling Bridge Engineering Handbook, this volume sets forth the principles and applications of seismic design, from the necessary geotechnical and dynamic analysis background to seismic isolation and energy dissipation, active control, and retrofit
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
Seismic design of bridges has been improving as failures due to seismic events are studied in detail. Shear failure of a structural member is a well-known failure type. Preventing shear failure of short bridge columns is the general idea of this thesis. A column is considered "short" if the failure is dominated by shear deformations rather than flexural deformations. Seismic isolation is an option for design of a structure to control the force and displacement demands from static and dynamic loads. In most cases, isolation systems are placed on all columns (i.e., full isolation). In fact, the main codes used for the design of seismic-isolated bridges center on full isolation; there is not a specific code developed for partial isolation of bridges. However, performance may increase significantly if only critical columns, i.e., short bridge columns, are isolated. This study therefore focuses on partial isolation of bridge structures, particularly isolation of the short end columns of a typical, continuous, multi span bridge. A case study of a partial isolated bridge is investigated. Design of the bridge columns and the isolation systems are made, and nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted. The main finding from the analyses is that the design level shear forces of the short columns are reduced by a ratio of about seven (relative to the case where the short columns are not isolated). An increase in the displacement capacity of the system was also found, for the case of partial isolation. This thesis contributes to current bridge design procedures with proved effectiveness of partial isolation of short bridge columns.
Author: Farzad Naeim
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471149217
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
Um die Auswirkungen von Erdbeben auf Gebäude, Brücken und andere empfindliche Konstruktionen zu mildern, wurden im Laufe der Jahre zahlreiche Technologien entwickelt. Eine der neueren hiervon ist die seismische Isolation: Sie beinhaltet den Einbau von Mechanismen, die das Gebäude von den Bewegungen des Untergrunds entkoppeln. Der Erfolg dieser Technik übertrifft den aller vorher bekannten Verfahren - ein Grund für Ingenieure und Architekten, sich genauer zu informieren. Dazu sei dieses Buch empfohlen. (04/99)
