An Investigation of the Behavior of Buried High-density Polyethylene Pipe PDF Download
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Author: Richard D. Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pipe, Plastic
Languages : en
Pages : 702
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Book Description
Author: Richard D. Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pipe, Plastic
Languages : en
Pages : 702
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Culverts
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
In the past, culvert pipes were made only of corrugated metal or reinforced concrete. In recent years, several manufacturers have made pipe of lightweight plastic - for example, high density polyethylene (HDPE) - which is considered to be viscoelastic in its structural behavior. It appears that there are several highway applications in which HDPE pipe would be an economically favorable alternative. However, the newness of plastic pipe requires the evaluation of its performance, integrity, and durability; A review of the Iowa Department of Transportation Standard Specifications for Highway and Bridge Construction reveals limited information on the use of plastic pipe for state projects. The objective of this study was to review and evaluate the use of HDPE pipe in roadway applications. Structural performance, soil-structure interaction, and the sensitivity of the pipe to installation was investigated. Comprehensive computerized literature searches were undertaken to define the state of-the-art in the design and use of HDPE pipe in highway applications. A questionnaire was developed and sent to all Iowa county engineers to learn of their use of HDPE pipe. Responses indicated that the majority of county engineers were aware of the product but were not confident in its ability to perform as well as conventional materials. Counties currently using HDPE pipe in general only use it in driveway crossings. Originally, we intended to survey states as to their usage of HDPE pipe. However, a few weeks after initiation of the project, it was learned that the Tennessee DOT was in the process of making a similar survey of state DOT's. Results of the Tennessee survey of states have been obtained and included in this report. In an effort to develop more confidence in the pipe's performance parameters, this research included laboratory tests to determine the ring and flexural stiffness of HDPE pipe provided by various manufacturers. Parallel plate tests verified all specimens were in compliance with ASTM specifications. Flexural testing revealed that pipe profile had a significant effect on the longitudinal stiffness and that strength could not be accurately predicted on the basis of diameter alone. Realizing that the soil around a buried HDPE pipe contributes to the pipe stiffness, the research team completed a limited series of tests on buried 3 ft-diameter HDPE pipe. The tests simulated the effects of truck wheel loads above the pipe and were conducted with two feet of cover. These tests indicated that the type and quality of backfill significantly influences the performance of HDPE pipe. The tests revealed that the soil envelope does significantly affect the performance of HDPE pipe in situ, and after a certain point, no additional strength is realized by increasing the quality of the backfill.
Author: Suprio Das
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Medium density polyethylene (MDPE) pipes are extensively used for gas distribution system in Canada and worldwide. MDPE pipe material possesses time-dependent mechanical properties that governs the performance of the pipes in service. In this research, laboratory investigation is carried out to investigate the time-dependent behavior of a MDPE pipe material. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted with samples (coupons) cut from the wall of a 60-mm diameter MDPE pipe. A tensile test with a sample of full cross-section of the pipe is also conducted to investigate the influence of sample type on the test results. The test program includes uniaxial testings at various strain rates to capture the effects of loading rates, creep testing and relaxation testing. The experimental results are used to develop a numerical approach for modeling the time-dependent behavior using a commercially available finite element software, Abaqus. The strain-rate dependent material behavior of MDPE is incorporated in Abaqus through development of a user subroutine. The proposed modeling approach is found to successfully simulate the uniaxial test results. Applicability of the proposed modeling framework is demonstrated through investigating the time-dependent behavior of conventional buried MDPE pipe subjected to surface load and a pipeline subjected to rate-dependent lateral ground movement.
Author: M. Farley
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1900222116
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
This is a best practice manual for addressing water losses in water distribution networks worldwide. Systems and methodologies are presented for improving water loss and leakage management in a range of networks, from systems with a well-developed infrastructure to those in developing countries where the network may need to be upgraded. The key feature of the manual is a diagnostic approach to develop a water loss strategy - using the appropriate tools to find the right solutions - which can be applied to any network. The methods of assessing the scale and volume of water loss are outlined, together with the procedures for setting up leakage monitoring and detection systems. As well as real losses (leakage) procedures for addressing apparent losses, by introducing regulatory and customer metering policies are explained. Suggestions are made for demand management and water conservation programmes, to complement the water loss strategy. Recommendations are made for training workshops and operation and maintenance programmes to ensure skills transfer and sustainability. The manual is illustrated throughout with case studies. Losses in Water Distribution Networks will appeal to a wide range of practitioners responsible for designing and managing a water loss strategy. These include consultants, operations managers, engineers, technicians and operational staff. It will also be a valuable reference for senior managers and decision makers, who may require an overview of the principles and procedures for controlling losses. The book will also be suitable as a source document for courses in Water Engineering, Resource Management and Environmental Management.
Author: Jin Sung Cho
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil mechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Book Description
The thesis examines how high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe installed by horizontal directional drilling (HDD) and traditional open trench (OT) construction techniques behave differently in saturated soil conditions typical of river crossings. Design fundamentals for depth of cover are analogous between HDD and OT; however, how the product pipe is situated in the soil medium is vastly different. This distinction in pipe bedding can produce significant differences in the post installation phase. The research was inspired by several incidents involving plastic pipe installed beneath rivers by HDD where the pipeline penetrated the overburden soil and floated to the surface after installation. It was hypothesized that pipes installed by HDD have a larger effective volume due to the presence of low permeability bentonite based drilling fluids in the annular space on completion of the installation. This increased effective volume of the pipe increases the buoyant force of the pipe compared to the same product diameter installed by OT methods, especially in situations where the pipe is installed below the ground water table. To simulate these conditions, a real-scale experiment was constructed to model the behavior of buried pipelines submerged in saturated silty soils. A full factorial design was developed to analyze scenarios with pipe diameters of 50, 75, and 100 mm installed at varying depths in a silty soil simulating an alluvial deposition. Contrary to the experimental hypothesis, pipes installed by OT required a greater depth of cover to prevent pipe floatation than similarly sized pipe installed by HDD. The results suggested that pipes installed by HDD are better suited to survive changing depths of cover. In addition, finite element method (FEM) modeling was conducted to understand soil stress patterns in the soil overburden post-installation. Maximum soil stresses occurring in the soil overburden between post-OT and HDD installation scenarios were compared to understand the pattern of total soil stress incurred by the two construction methods. The results of the analysis showed that OT installation methods triggered a greater total soil stress than HDD installation methods. The annular space in HDD resulted in less soil stress occurring in the soil overburden. Furthermore, the diameter of the HDD annular space influenced the soil stress that occurred in the soil overburden, while the density of drilling fluids did not vastly affect soil stress variations. Thus, the diameter of the annular space could impact soil stress patterns in HDD installations post-construction. With these findings engineers and designers may plan, design, and construct more efficient river-crossing projects.
Author:
Publisher: Plastics Pipe Institute
ISBN: 9781952632006
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
Published by the Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), the Handbook describes how polyethylene piping systems continue to provide utilities with a cost-effective solution to rehabilitate the underground infrastructure. The book will assist in designing and installing PE piping systems that can protect utilities and other end users from corrosion, earthquake damage and water loss due to leaky and corroded pipes and joints.
Author: Muhannad T. Suleiman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
High density polyethylene pipes have been used for over a decade but little information is available on the in-service behavior of these pipes. An investigation to evaluate the field performance of HDPE pipes was undertaken using visual information obtained from a remote video camera. The performance characteristics considered were cross sectional deformations, wall buckling, wall crushing, wall cracking, and joint separation. Few major structural problems were noticed due to the effect of granular material used as a backfill. CANDE is one of the commonly used programs for buried pipe analysis; however, the limitations of CANDE include application only to small deflections. The recent tendency of using thermoplastic pipes for deep applications increased the need for investigating the effect of large deflections which led to the use of ANSYS. The main advantage of CANDE relative to ANSYS is the use of the nonlinear soil models. A computer code using ANSYS programming language was written to model the soil behavior using hyperbolic tangent modulus with power and hyperbolic bulk modulus models. CANDE and the small and large deflection theories of ANSYS were compared with Moser's (1994) results. This comparison showed that CANDE over-predicts the pipe deflections as the soil approaches the shear failure and that ANSYS better describes the pipe behavior. CANDE can be used as long as the shear failure of the soil was not reached. Considering large deflections for flexible pipe analysis becomes significant for pipes deflections of 4% or more. Since the parallel plate test deflection rate is not related to practical loading rates, new mathematical constitutive models were developed for HDPE material using the compression tests results performed by Zhang and Moore (1997). These constitutive models consider the effect of strain rate and time on the HDPE modulus. These mathematical models were programmed in the code written in ANSYS and a finite element analysis was used to validate its use and to compare the pipe deflection using small deflection theory with linear elastic HDPE modulus and large deflection using strain rate dependent HDPE modulus. This comparison showed differences up to 32% at a depth of burial of 15m.
Author: Robert A. Lohnes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Culverts
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
It is generally accepted that high density polyethylene pipe (HDPE) performs well under live loads with shallow cover, provided the backfill is well compacted. Although industry standards require carefully compacted backfill, poor inspection and/or faulty construction may result in soils that provide inadequate restraint at the springlines of the pipes thereby causing failure. The objectives of this study were: 1) to experimentally define a lower limit of compaction under which the pipes perform satisfactorily, 2) to quantify the increase in soil support as compaction effort increases, 3) to evaluate pipe response for loads applied near the ends of the buried pipes, 4) to determine minimum depths of cover for a variety of pipes and soil conditions by analytically expanding the experimental results through the use of the finite element program CANDE.
Author: Ricardo Branco
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038972045
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Mechanical Behavior of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels" that was published in Metals
Author: David Arellano
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319789813
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
These proceedings of the EPS 2018: 5th International Conference on Geofoam Blocks in Construction Applications, held in Kyrenia, Northern Cyprus on May 9 to 11, 2018, present a collection of contributions on the state-of-the-art of research and applications relating to geofoam. Geofoam researchers, consultants, molders, contractors and practitioners from all around the globe discuss the recent developments and future trends of expanded polystyrene (EPS)-block geofoam technology and its construction applications. EPS’18 contributes to the development of geofoam applications, following on from successful conferences in Oslo (1985), Tokyo (1996), Salt Lake City (2001) and Oslo (2011). The book discusses topics including, but not limited to, current use of geofoam, design specifications, applications, new concepts, material properties, modeling and specific topics in geofoam blocks in construction applications.
