An Exploration of the Collective Effects of In-group Discrimination, Out-group Discrimination, and Ethnic Identity on Self-esteem and Life Satisfaction in Arab Americans PDF Download
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Author: Dima M. Swaidan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arab Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
In this study, the collective effects of in-group discrimination, out-group discrimination, and ethnic identity on self-esteem and life satisfaction were examined in a sample of Arab American adults. Previous research studies have focused on measuring ethnic identity and perceived out-group discrimination among Arab Americans. However, there is a gap in the literature examining intragroup marginalization in the Arab American community, and how perceived in-group discrimination influences self-esteem and life satisfaction. In the current study, the researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences of perceptions of in-group and out-group discrimination scores, but there would not be a statistically significant difference in reported ethnic identity, self-esteem, and life satisfaction for Christian and Muslim Arab Americans. Results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated statistically significant mean differences between religious groups in reported out-group discrimination and ethnic identity exploration, but no differences in regard to in-group discrimination, ethnic identity resolution and affirmation, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Additionally, the researcher hypothesized that the collective effects of in-group discrimination, out-group discrimination, and ethnic identity would predict self-esteem and life satisfaction for Arab Americans. Using a hierarchical regression, results from the 141 Arab American adults revealed the collective effects of in-group discrimination, out-group discrimination, and ethnic identity significantly predicted self-esteem (R2 = 14%) and life satisfaction (R2 = 13%) in Arab Americans. Further examination of the results, implications of study findings in clinical and social contexts, and future research directions are discussed.
Author: Dima M. Swaidan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arab Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
In this study, the collective effects of in-group discrimination, out-group discrimination, and ethnic identity on self-esteem and life satisfaction were examined in a sample of Arab American adults. Previous research studies have focused on measuring ethnic identity and perceived out-group discrimination among Arab Americans. However, there is a gap in the literature examining intragroup marginalization in the Arab American community, and how perceived in-group discrimination influences self-esteem and life satisfaction. In the current study, the researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences of perceptions of in-group and out-group discrimination scores, but there would not be a statistically significant difference in reported ethnic identity, self-esteem, and life satisfaction for Christian and Muslim Arab Americans. Results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated statistically significant mean differences between religious groups in reported out-group discrimination and ethnic identity exploration, but no differences in regard to in-group discrimination, ethnic identity resolution and affirmation, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Additionally, the researcher hypothesized that the collective effects of in-group discrimination, out-group discrimination, and ethnic identity would predict self-esteem and life satisfaction for Arab Americans. Using a hierarchical regression, results from the 141 Arab American adults revealed the collective effects of in-group discrimination, out-group discrimination, and ethnic identity significantly predicted self-esteem (R2 = 14%) and life satisfaction (R2 = 13%) in Arab Americans. Further examination of the results, implications of study findings in clinical and social contexts, and future research directions are discussed.
Author: Rawan Atari
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355324341
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
The current study intended to expand upon psychological research on the Arab American community, which has faced increased discrimination since 9/11 and recent ISIS-related terrorist attacks. Since perceived discrimination has been associated with greater psychological distress among Arab Americans, it is important to determine whether any protective factors are available for this community. In a sample of Arab Americans, the relationship between perceived discrimination and aspects of psychological well-being (i.e., self-esteem, flourishing, and satisfaction with life) were examined in order to gain a better overall picture of Arab American mental health. Because ethnic identity has been recognized as a protective factor against discrimination for other minority groups, it was examined as such for the current sample. Ethnic identity exploration, resolution, and affirmation were studied in relation to psychological well-being, and ethnic identity was studied as a moderator between perceived discrimination and psychological well-being. A recent typology created by Umana-Taylor, Yazedjian, and Bamaca-Gomez was used to classify participants into ethnic identity clusters based on degrees of exploration, resolution, and affirmation. The sample comprised 156 self-identified Arab Americans living in the United States who were at least 18 years of age. Results from multiple regression analyses demonstrated that perceived discrimination was negatively related to self-esteem and flourishing. Ethnic identity exploration was not significantly related to psychological well-being. However, ethnic identity resolution and affirmation were significantly, positively related to self-esteem, flourishing, and satisfaction with life. Ethnic identity affirmation appeared to be a moderator by mitigating the impact of perceived discrimination on flourishing. Based on Umana-Taylor and colleagues' typology, four ethnic identity clusters emerged using a hierarchal cluster analysis, and participants fell into one of the following: (a) Achieved Positive, (b) Diffuse Positive, (c) Moratorium Positive, and (d) Diffuse Negative. Findings are generally consistent with previous research among various minority groups, as well as Erikson's theory and Tajfel's theory. However, the current study suggests that it may be ethnic identity affirmation that serves as protective factor against discrimination, rather than ethnic identity exploration or resolution. Therefore, future studies are encouraged to study the components of ethnic identity independently of one another.
Author: Hanan Mustafa Hashem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This dissertation fills a significant lacuna in the literature exploring the experiences of emerging adults with minoritized identities, specifically Arab American Muslims. Arab American Muslims hold an ethnic identity (i.e., being Arab) and a religious identity (i.e., being Muslim) that are commonly conflated. This conflation can have an impact on their understanding of themselves (i.e., identity) and negative experiences from others (i.e., discrimination). Social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) ties the meaning-making process that individuals partake in to understand their identity to its influence on their mental health outcomes. According to the cumulative racial/ethnic trauma model (Awad et al., 2019), Arab Americans experience chronic micro-level and macro-level factors of trauma, such as discrimination and issues of identity. Those factors, in turn, impact individual-level and group-level outcomes, including experiences of belonging and mental health outcomes. This dissertation utilized path analyses to examine the role of micro-level factors (i.e., discrimination and identity) in predicting an individual-level outcome (i.e., psychological distress) through a group-level outcome (i.e., belonging) as a mediator. The overall findings provided three main ideas which provide significant additions to the literature exploring the experiences of young Arab American Muslims. First, the findings provide evidence of an intersectional ethnic-religious discrimination experience but a distinction between ethnic identity and religious identity. Second, the main finding that provides an opportunity for further exploration is the significant role that religious identity centrality played in predicting belonging and distress for this sample while ethnic identity centrality did not play a role in these relationships. Third, the role of belonging stood out as an important meditator when explaining the religious identity-distress and discrimination-distress relationships for young Arab American Muslims. While this study’s use of path analyses provides support for these relationships, future research can further explore causal relationships between these key variables through longitudinal studies. Additionally, future studies can explore the impact of cultural-geographical differences, such as the impact of living in an Arab or Muslim epicenter, which may provide more nuance to the experience of this diverse group
Author: Rhonda Tabbah
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030668045
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
This book examines the implications of discrimination in Arab American youth with a focus on K-12 school systems. It begins with an introduction to Arab American youth and their experiences in the education system. The book follows with an overview regarding historical contributions of discrimination and the history of discrimination against Arabs in America, including the education system. It then presents relevant theoretical perspectives regarding discrimination and developmental processes. The book examines research specific to Arab American youth, identifies research limitations, and provides strategies on how to strengthen methodological approaches to better inform research, practice, and policy. It concludes by offering strategies for improving educational practice and policy and recommendations for interventions designed to enhance developmental health of Arab American youth in schools. Key areas of coverage include: Arab American youth, development, and discrimination in America. Discrimination in the K-12 educational system. Self-concept, ethnic identity, well-being and discrimination among Arab American youth. Arab American Youth is an essential resource for practitioners, researchers, educators, and related professionals as well as graduate students in school psychology, educational psychology, education, and related disciplines. ______________________________________________________________________ Dr. Tabbah has written a book that is well overdue ... she provides a blueprint for moving forward in education as well as in policy development that can be transformative for Arab-American youth. Antoinette Miranda, Professor of School Psychology, The Ohio State University This book is a valuable contribution given the nascent literature on the experiences of Arab youth and the significant impact of discrimination on their schooling. Desiree Vega, Associate Professor of School Psychology, University of Arizona
Author: Rosita Fibbi
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030672816
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
This open access short reader provides a state of the art overview of the discrimination research field, with particular focus on discrimination against immigrants and their descendants. It covers the ways in which discrimination is defined and conceptualized, how it is measured, how it may be theorized and explained, and how it might be combated by legal and policy means. The book also presents empirical results from studies of discrimination across the world to show the magnitude of the problem and the difficulties of comparison across national borders. The concluding chapter engages in a critical discussion of the relationship between discrimination and integration as well as pointing out promising directions for future studies. As such this short reader is a valuable read to undergraduate students, as well as graduate students, scholars, policy makers and the general public.
Author: Nasreen Sadaf Shah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
The rise of Islamophobia has been likened to Europe's anti-Semitism and the segregation of people of color in the 1900s in the U.S. However, a dearth of research exists regarding the impact of Islamophobia on Muslim Americans, and even less has been done to formulate appropriate clinical recommendations for working with Muslim clients. Currently, little is known in regards to the impact of Islamophobia upon view of self and the Islamic identity for Muslim Americans.
Author: Brenda Major
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190243473
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 577
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Book Description
Stigma leads to poorer health. In The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health, leading scholars identify stigma mechanisms that operate at multiple levels to erode the health of stigmatized individuals and, collectively, produce health disparities. This book provides unique insights concerning the link between stigma and health across various types of stigma and groups.
Author: Eric John Ramos David
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826199259
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
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Author: Andrea E DePetris
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Multiracial individuals are a sizable and growing population, and yet there is a dearth of research focusing exclusively on their distinct experiences, especially pertaining to pervasive social exclusion (i.e., racial discrimination) and cultural belonging. Given that multiracial individuals may experience racial discrimination from U.S. ethnic/racial minority groups and Whites, how they cope is an important area of inquiry. Whereas ethnic/racial identity (ERI) has often been found to psychologically mitigate the negative impact of racial discrimination on well-being among racial/ethnic minorities, fewer studies have examined this association among multiracial individuals. The current study investigates whether ERI moderates the association between racial discrimination and mental/behavioral health outcomes, and whether this association varies by multiracial individuals' self-identified ethnic/racial group affiliation (as multiracial, monoracial minority, White, or nonracial). Secondary analyses were conducted from a nationally-representative dataset that included multiracial college students (n = 696) of diverse racial backgrounds. ERI was conceptualized as ethnic identity affirmation and belonging, and its impact with racial discrimination on depression, generalized anxiety symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, self-esteem, binge drinking, and risky sexual behavior were assessed. Regressions and multivariate analyses were conducted (i.e., ANCOVAS, MANCOVAS, and hierarchical regressions) to test associations among predictors and outcomes, and to examine the interaction of ERI x racial discrimination x ethnic/racial self-identification. Only one significant, 3-way interaction of small magnitude for social anxiety was detected. For students identifying as multiracial, racial discrimination predicted social anxiety at high levels of ERI, whereas for students identifying as White, racial discrimination predicted social anxiety at low levels of ERI. For students identifying as monoracial minority, main effects of racial discrimination on anxiety and depression symptoms were found, as was a significant, positive association of ERI with self-esteem and a significant, negative association of ERI with social anxiety. For students identifying as multiracial, ERI was significantly and positively associated with self-esteem, and significantly and negatively associated with social anxiety. Although little evidence for the buffering effect was found, results suggest that ERI may be a useful construct for multiracial individuals. Future research on multiracial individuals should continue to investigate the bearing of ERI on experiences of social exclusion.
Author: Dominic Abrams
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781842062708
Category : Discrimination
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
