An Experimental and Chemical Kinetics Study of the Combustion of Syngas and High Hydrogen Content Fuels PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
An integrated and collaborative effort involving experiments and complementary chemical kinetic modeling investigated the effects of significant concentrations of water and CO2 and minor contaminant species (methane [CH4], ethane [C2H6], NOX, etc.) on the ignition and combustion of HHC fuels. The research effort specifically addressed broadening the experimental data base for ignition delay, burning rate, and oxidation kinetics at high pressures, and further refinement of chemical kinetic models so as to develop compositional specifications related to the above major and minor species. The foundation for the chemical kinetic modeling was the well validated mechanism for hydrogen and carbon monoxide developed over the last 25 years by Professor Frederick Dryer and his co-workers at Princeton University. This research furthered advance the understanding needed to develop practical guidelines for realistic composition limits and operating characteristics for HHC fuels. A suite of experiments was utilized that that involved a high-pressure laminar flow reactor, a pressure-release type high-pressure combustion chamber and a high-pressure turbulent flow reactor.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
An integrated and collaborative effort involving experiments and complementary chemical kinetic modeling investigated the effects of significant concentrations of water and CO2 and minor contaminant species (methane [CH4], ethane [C2H6], NOX, etc.) on the ignition and combustion of HHC fuels. The research effort specifically addressed broadening the experimental data base for ignition delay, burning rate, and oxidation kinetics at high pressures, and further refinement of chemical kinetic models so as to develop compositional specifications related to the above major and minor species. The foundation for the chemical kinetic modeling was the well validated mechanism for hydrogen and carbon monoxide developed over the last 25 years by Professor Frederick Dryer and his co-workers at Princeton University. This research furthered advance the understanding needed to develop practical guidelines for realistic composition limits and operating characteristics for HHC fuels. A suite of experiments was utilized that that involved a high-pressure laminar flow reactor, a pressure-release type high-pressure combustion chamber and a high-pressure turbulent flow reactor.
Author: Tim Lieuwen
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420085352
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Coal, still used to generate more than half of the electric power in the U.S., will likely be part of any future global energy plan. But this finite resource is also responsible for 80 percent of the CO2 emissions from power production, and its continued use will require improved processing techniques that are less damaging to the environment and l
Author: T. L. Burks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical kinetics
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
A set of elementary reactions and their corresponding rate coefficients has been assembled to describe the homogeneous H2-O2 reaction system over the temperature range 300-3000 K. The reaction mechanism was drawn together assuming that H2-O2 reactive mixtures could be adequately described in terms of self-consistent, thermal distributions of electronically neutral, ground-state reactants, intermediates and products. The resulting time-dependent ordinary differential equations describing the system were integrated assuming various initial pressures, temperatures and initial concentrations of reactants and diluents. The computed results have been compared with experimentally observed induction times, second explosion limits, the rate of reaction above the second explosion limit and the temporal behavior of reaction species. The good agreement between the computational and experimental results attests to the accuracy of the assembled mechanism in its description of the homogeneous reaction system and supports the validity of the set of associated rate coefficients for the elementary reactions of the mechanism over a broad range of reaction conditions. (Author).
Author: Wenyu Sun
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819945100
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
In this thesis, attention was paid to several novel oxygenated fuels—carbonates, polyethers and ketones. Combustion kinetic investigations were performed for typical representative compounds, including dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, cyclopentanone, 3-pentanone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and dimethoxymethane. For experiments, suitable diagnostic techniques were used to measure the detailed speciation information of the target fuels under different conditions. For kinetic modeling, rate coefficients for crucial elementary reactions were obtained through high-level theoretical calculations. Based on that, validated kinetic models with good predictive performances were developed. On the basis of experimental measurements and model interpretations, this work highlighted two important combustion characteristics regarding the practical use: the pollutant formation and the ignition performance. Besides, the correlation between oxygen-containing functional groups and the aforementioned combustion characteristics was revealed. To reveal the potential interactions between the reaction networks of oxygenated additives and the hydrocarbon base fuels during combustion. Chemical structures of laminar premixed flames fueled by binary fuels were measured, and by changing the initial fuel compositions, the addition effects of the oxygenates on the fuel consumption and pollutant formation behaviors were explored. It was found that complicated chemical interactions do not exist in the reaction networks under the investigated conditions.
Author: Olivier Mathieu
Publisher: American Chemical Society
ISBN: 0841299692
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
This primer presents the production, storage, distribution, and combustion properties of the main carbon-free fuels—hydrogen, ammonia, and metals—and the technical challenges associated with each. Among these fuels, hydrogen is by far the best-known carbon-free fuel, and ammonia also has a high profile for many scientists and governments, whereas the science behind metals as a fuel is still not mature. Undergraduate and graduate students who intend to pursue a career in the energy conversion field and current researchers in the field will benefit from reading this primer.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 17
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Book Description
Author: Yang Zhang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811046158
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
This thesis presents pioneering experimental and numerical studies on three aspects of the combustion characteristics of lean premixed syngas/air flames, namely the laminar flame speed, extinction limit and flammability limit. It illustrates a new extinction exponent concept, which enriches the combustion theory. Above all, the book provides the following: a) a series of carefully measured data and theoretical analyses to reveal the intrinsic mechanisms of the fuel composition effect on the propagation and extinction of lean syngas/air flames; b) a mixing model and correlation to predict the laminar flame speed of multi-component syngas fuels, intended for engineering computations; c) a new “extinction exponent” concept to describe the critical effects of chemical kinetics on the extinction of lean premixed syngas/air flames; and d) the effects and mechanism of the dilution of incombustible components on lean premixed syngas/air flames and the preferential importance among the thermal, chemical and diffusion effects.
Author: Richard S. Brokaw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical kinetics
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
Author: Colin Healey Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and other species including nitrogen (N2), water (H2O), methane (CH4) and higher hydrocarbons. Syngas is a highly desired product because it is very versatile. It can be used for combustion in turbines or engines, converted to H2 for use in fuel cells, turned into diesel or other high-molecular weight fuels by the Fischer-Tropsch process and used as a chemical feedstock. Syngas can be derived from hydrocarbons in the presence of oxidizer or water as in steam reforming. There are many demonstrated methods to produce syngas with or without water addition including catalytic methods, plasma reforming and combustion. The goal of this study is to add to the understanding of non-catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon fuels to syngas, and this was accomplished through two investigations: the first on fuel conversion potential and the second on the effect of preheat temperature. A primarily experimental investigation of the conversion of jet fuel and butanol to syngas was undertaken to understand the potential of these fuels for conversion. With these new data and previously-published experimental data, a comparison amongst a larger set of fuels for conversion was also conducted. Significant soot formation was observed in experiments with both fuels, but soot formation was so significant in the jet fuel experiments that it limited the range of experimental operating conditions. The comparison amongst fuels indicated that higher conversion rates are observed with smaller molecular weight fuels, generally. However, equilibrium calculations, which are often used to determine trends in fuel conversion, showed the opposite trend. In order to investigate preheat temperature, which is one important aspect of non-catalytic conversion, experiments were undertaken with burner-stabilized flames that are effectively 1-D and steady-state. An extensive set of model calculations were compared to the obtained experimental data and was used to investigate the effect of preheat temperatures that were beyond what was achievable experimentally. Throughout the range of operating conditions that were tested experimentally, the computational model was excellent in its predictions. Experiments where the reactants were preheated showed a significant expansion of the stable operating range of the burner (increasing the equivalence ratio at which the flame blew off). However, increasing preheat temperature beyond what is required for stabilization did not improve syngas yields.
Author: Kenneth Brezinsky
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323993109
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 666
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Book Description
As the demands for cleaner, more efficient, reduced and zero carbon emitting transportation increase, the traditional focus of Combustion Chemistry research is stretching and adapting to help provide solutions to these contemporary issues. Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future: What will the Next 25 Years of Research Require? presents a guide to current research in the field and an exploration of possible future steps as we move towards cleaner, greener and reduced carbon combustion chemistry. Beginning with a discussion of engine emissions and soot, the book goes on to discuss a range of alternative fuels, including hydrogen, ammonia, small alcohols and other bio-oxygenates, natural gas, syngas and synthesized hydrocarbon fuels. Methods for predicting and improving efficiency and sustainability, such as low temperature and catalytic combustion, chemical looping, supercritical fluid combustion, and diagnostic monitoring even at high pressure, are then explored. Some novel aspects of biomass derived aviation fuels and combustion synthesis are also covered. Combining the knowledge and experience of an interdisciplinary team of experts in the field, Combustion Chemistry and the Carbon Neutral Future: What will the Next 25 Years of Research Require? is an insightful guide to current and future focus areas for combustion chemistry researchers in line with the transition to greener, cleaner technologies. - Provides insight on current developments in combustion chemistry as a tool for supporting a reduced-carbon future - Reviews modeling and diagnostic tools, in addition to key approaches and alternative fuels - Includes projections for the future from leaders in the field, pointing current and prospective researchers to potentially fruitful areas for exploration
