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Author: R. H. Palmer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: R. H. Palmer
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Marcelo I. Guzman
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039439855
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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This book is the first literature collection focused on the development and implementation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and their integration with sensors for atmospheric measurements on Earth. The research covered in the book combines chemical, physical, and meteorological measurements performed in field campaigns, as well as conceptual and laboratory work. Useful examples for the development of platforms and autonomous systems for environmental studies are provided, which demonstrate how careful the operation of sensors aboard UAS must be to gather information for remote sensing in the atmosphere. The work serves as a key collection of articles to introduce the topic to new researchers interested in the field, guide future studies, and motivate measurements to improve our understanding of the Earth’s complex atmosphere.
Author: Richard H. Rhyne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautical instruments
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Author: Edward James Dumas
Publisher:
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Category : Atmospheric circulation
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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This report describes the operation of small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) by NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (NOAA/ARL/ATDD) in the Land-Atmosphere Feedback Experiment (LAFE) that was conducted in the summer of 2017 near Lamont, Oklahoma. Both the DJI S-1000 and the Microdrone MD4-1000 were used to measure temperature and humidity profiles in the lower 300 m of the atmosphere, and the S-1000 was used to map the Earth's skin temperature during three intensive observation periods (14 August, 15 August, and 17 August) in the LAFE experiment. NOAA/OMAO/AOC personnel also flew the Microdrone MD4-1000 sUAS during the 14 and 15 August intensives. During these intensives, fourteen MD4-1000 flights were flown simultaneously with the DJI S-1000. Datasets from both the DJI S-1000 and the Microdrone MD4-1000 aircraft were processed and are publicly available.
Author: Tamino Wetz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This thesis deals with the development of a unique measuring device for wind field measurement in the atmospheric boundary layer and its application to examine spatial turbulence structures in heterogeneous terrain as well as flow measurements around a wind turbine. The innovative measuring system consists of a fleet of 35 quadrotors UAS (unmanned aerial systems), of which a maximum of 20 were used simultaneously. This measuring system enables flexible, simultaneous, spatially distributed measurements of the wind vector in the boundary layer. An algorithm was developed to measure the wind that is based on the position and acceleration sensors of the UAS and does not require additional external wind sensors. The algorithm puts the sensor data in relation to the acting wind forces and is calibrated and validated with the help of reference measurements on a 99-m meteorological mast. The potential of the UAS fleet for wind field and turbulence measurements is shown by comparisons with Doppler wind lidar and ultrasonic anemometer measurement data. Furthermore, a special flight pattern with spatially horizontally distributed measurements was developed to allow for the examination of horizontal turbulence structures. On the one hand, the limit of validity of the Taylor hypothesis of frozen turbulence is tested. On the other hand, it is demonstrated how turbulence structures differ in their horizontal spatial characteristics depending on the atmospheric conditions. Additionally, the correlation of different scales in the frequency domain is examined using coherence. In comparison to models of the decay of coherence, the validity of the models is limited to neutral stratification. Overall, the coherence is smaller for the lateral separation distance than for the longitudinal one. In a final measurement campaign, the knowledge gained and an improved wind algorithm were used to analyze the flow around a wind turbine (WT). At the same time, measurements were carried out in the wake and in the inflow of the WT. Spatially distributed measurements in the near wake of a 2 MW WT clearly show the expected wind speed deficit. Laterally distributed measurements in the wake under stable and near-neutral stratification indicate a double-Gaussian distribution of the lateral velocity profile. Under convective conditions, the turbulent mixing is enhanced, which leads to a measurement of a simple Gaussian distribution already in the near wake. Furthermore, horizontal turbulent flow measurements show the expected energy input from outside the wake into the edge areas of the wake. In addition, it could be shown that a turbulent flow from the center of the wake to the edge areas can also be measured in stable and near-neutral stratification. Also, the occurrence of vortices resulting from the pressure differences at the rotor blade tips was investigated.
Author: Thomas L. Coleman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Turbulence
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Author: Edward James Dumas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric circulation
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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This report describes the operation of NOAA/ARL/ATDD’s DJI S-1000 small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) in the Verifications of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment Southeast (VORTEX-SE) in the spring of 2016. The S-1000 was used to measure temperature and humidity profiles in the lower 125-213 m of the atmosphere, and map the Earth’s skin temperature during three intensive observation periods (13 March, 24 March, and 27 April) in the VORTEX-SE experiment. Additionally, the S-1000 was used to perform a damage survey from an EF-2 tornado that occurred within the VORTEX-SE domain on 31 March 2016. doi:10.7289/V5/TM-OAR-ARL-273 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-OAR-ARL-273)
Author: Sara Alaoui-Sosse
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for atmospheric research during the last years undergoes a remarkable growth all over the world due to their several advantages. They are a new tool for profiling the main parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) such as temperature, humidity and wind vector, as well as for turbulence observations. Their development was inspired by instrumented airplanes. In addition, they are complementary to other existing platforms such as instrumented towers and airplanes, and radiosondes, since they can fly in areas unreachable by these other platforms. We have developed two instrumentation packages for wind and turbulence observations in the atmospheric boundary layer for two UAVs of distinct sizes. The first one is a small size UAV (3.5 kg payload included and with a wingspan of 2.6 m) called OVLI-TA (Objet Volant Leger Instrumenté-Turbulence Atmosphérique). The second one is the fixed wing UAV called BOREAL which has a larger size (25 kg including a payload of 5 kg and with a wingspan of 4.2 m).The meteorological instrumental package of OVLI-TA is composed of a five-hole probe that replaces the nose of the drone, a Pitot probe to measure static and dynamic pressure, a fast inertial measurement unit, a GPS receiver, as well as temperature and moisture sensors. Moreover, for autonomous flights the Pixhawk autopilot is used. The wind tunnel calibrations of the five-hole probe were conducted in order to determine the calibration coefficients of the angles of attack and sideslip. I present the analysis of a qualification flight test conducted in March 2016 in Lannemezan, in the atmospheric research center (CRA) equipped with an instrumented 60 m tower, as well as of the flights conducted in June and July 2016 during the international project DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Clouds Interactions in West Africa), in Benin. This study allows evaluating the capacity and performances of OVLI-TA to measure mean values of wind, temperature and humidity, along with turbulence. In this assessment, observations from the 60 m tower and radiosondes were used as a reference.BOREAL's advantages over OVLI-TA lie in its larger payload capacity, its flight endurance that could reach 9 hours, and also its ability to fly in more adverse weather conditions. The developed instrumentation includes a GPS-IMU platform, a five-hole probe replacing the nose of the UAV which measures the angles of attack and sideslip, a Pitot tube, in addition to temperature and humidity sensors. In order to calibrate the five-hole probe, I analyzed the data of wind tunnel test and I used FLUENT software for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Furthermore, the first qualification flight test conducted in 2018 allowed us to determine the optimal airspeed of the UAV at which the vibrations are significantly reduced to an acceptable level. Subsequently, in 2020, a first campaign was carried out in Lannemezan in order to qualify the BOREAL capacities to measure wind and turbulence and this following comparisons with the instrumented tower. The UAV's performances are presented in details.
Author: H. P. Fimpel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric turbulence
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Author: Charles F. Lams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 173
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A comparison of methods to determine the flow angle components of atmospheric velocity vectors is presented. The atmospheric turbulence probes used to measure behavior of the atmosphere use different methods to obtain this information and there is some confusion as to which method is best. Although the methods are all based upon potential flow theory, the details about how the atmospheric and flight parameters are measured makes a difference to the design of an atmospheric turbulence probe and carrier research aircraft. This paper presents the mathematical theory behind five methods of obtaining atmospheric flow angle measurements from a moving aircraft. One of these methods, the Flush Air Data Sensing system developed by NASA has not previously been used in this particular application before but is found to be as accurate as more commonly used methods that utilize a hemispherical sensing head. In fact, none of the methods presented show any statistical improvement in measuring flow angles. It is therefore suggested that the best method the one that considers the probe and aircraft as a whole system rather than preferring one method over another.
