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Author: Dominik Kümmerle
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668108269
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: Distinction, London School of Economics (European Institute), language: English, abstract: When it comes to concluding a trade defence proceeding in the European Union (EU), the regulations allow for three alternative outcomes: (1) a termination without measures, (2) the imposition of a protective duty or (3) the acceptance of a price undertaking. Price undertakings are voluntary offers by foreign exporters to revise their prices so that the Commission is satisfied that the subsidization or dumping margin and their injurious effects are removed. Some welfare economists have concluded that 'a rational policy maker will always prefer duties' (Pauwels and Springael, 2002, 135). Thus, there is no rationale for price undertakings from an income maximization perspective. However, others have highlighted the role of price undertakings as a diplomatic tool in the EU's neighbourhood policy, which is powerfully evidenced by a sharp decline in the frequency of price undertakings after the EU's Eastern enlargement in 2004 (Appendix 1). Yet, a paradox persists: Out of fourteen price undertakings accepted between 2006 and 2015, only four accounted for countries in the EU's immediate neighbourhood. In contrast, price undertakings were accepted by ten countries that fell outside of Europe, with the BRIC countries accounting for nine, and China alone for five (Appendix 2). In response to this paradox, the paper reviews the following question: What are the political economic determinants of accepting price undertakings in the EU? I find the acceptance of price undertakings arises from an institutional conflict that can be foreign induced. In contrast to judicialized systems, an incomplete delegation of trade defence in the EU has led to a politicization of the trade defence proceeding. This is characterized through the empowerment of three veto-players: Community industry, Commission, and Council. Powerful foreign parties actively capitalize on the engagement of political actors and - in an effort to achieve a less harmful outcome than duties - influence the three veto-players. Eventually, price undertakings are accepted by the Commission, if only the Council signals to exert its veto-rights.
Author: Dominik Kümmerle
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668108269
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 55
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - Foreign Trade Theory, Trade Policy, grade: Distinction, London School of Economics (European Institute), language: English, abstract: When it comes to concluding a trade defence proceeding in the European Union (EU), the regulations allow for three alternative outcomes: (1) a termination without measures, (2) the imposition of a protective duty or (3) the acceptance of a price undertaking. Price undertakings are voluntary offers by foreign exporters to revise their prices so that the Commission is satisfied that the subsidization or dumping margin and their injurious effects are removed. Some welfare economists have concluded that 'a rational policy maker will always prefer duties' (Pauwels and Springael, 2002, 135). Thus, there is no rationale for price undertakings from an income maximization perspective. However, others have highlighted the role of price undertakings as a diplomatic tool in the EU's neighbourhood policy, which is powerfully evidenced by a sharp decline in the frequency of price undertakings after the EU's Eastern enlargement in 2004 (Appendix 1). Yet, a paradox persists: Out of fourteen price undertakings accepted between 2006 and 2015, only four accounted for countries in the EU's immediate neighbourhood. In contrast, price undertakings were accepted by ten countries that fell outside of Europe, with the BRIC countries accounting for nine, and China alone for five (Appendix 2). In response to this paradox, the paper reviews the following question: What are the political economic determinants of accepting price undertakings in the EU? I find the acceptance of price undertakings arises from an institutional conflict that can be foreign induced. In contrast to judicialized systems, an incomplete delegation of trade defence in the EU has led to a politicization of the trade defence proceeding. This is characterized through the empowerment of three veto-players: Community industry, Commission, and Council. Powerful foreign parties actively capitalize on the engagement of political actors and - in an effort to achieve a less harmful outcome than duties - influence the three veto-players. Eventually, price undertakings are accepted by the Commission, if only the Council signals to exert its veto-rights.
Author: National Intelligence Council
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
ISBN: 9781646794973
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Author: Richard E. Baldwin
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781907142239
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
The global financial crisis of 2008/9 is the Great Depression of the 21st century. For many though, the similarities stop at the Wall Street Crash as the current generation of policymakers have acted quickly to avoid the mistakes of the past. Yet the global crisis has made room for mistakes all of its own. While governments have apparently kept to their word on refraining from protectionist measures in the style of 1930s tariffs, there has been a disturbing rise in "murky protectionism." Seemingly benign, these crisis-linked policies are twisted to favour domestic firms, workers and investors. This book, first published as an eBook on VoxEU.org in March 2009, brings together leading trade policy practitioners and experts - including Australian Trade Minister Simon Crean and former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo. Initially its aim was to advise policymakers heading in to the G20 meeting in London, but since the threat of murky protectionism persists, so too do their warnings.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464816662
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
The world economy is experiencing a very strong but uneven recovery, with many emerging market and developing economies facing obstacles to vaccination. The global outlook remains uncertain, with major risks around the path of the pandemic and the possibility of financial stress amid large debt loads. Policy makers face a difficult balancing act as they seek to nurture the recovery while safeguarding price stability and fiscal sustainability. A comprehensive set of policies will be required to promote a strong recovery that mitigates inequality and enhances environmental sustainability, ultimately putting economies on a path of green, resilient, and inclusive development. Prominent among the necessary policies are efforts to lower trade costs so that trade can once again become a robust engine of growth. This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Global Economic Prospects. The Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies.
Author: Mr.Hamid R Davoodi
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 9781589062290
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is an economically diverse region. Despite undertaking economic reforms in many countries, and having considerable success in avoiding crises and achieving macroeconomic stability, the region’s economic performance in the past 30 years has been below potential. This paper takes stock of the region’s relatively weak performance, explores the reasons for this out come, and proposes an agenda for urgent reforms.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Author: Aaditya Mattoo
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815542
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 768
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Book Description
Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Author: Pascal Fontaine
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789279535901
Category : Europe
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Author: Jason Katzman
Publisher: Skyhorse Publishing Inc.
ISBN: 1616081112
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
Here is practical advice for anyone who wants to build their business by selling overseas. The International Trade Administration covers key topics such as marketing, legal issues, customs, and more. With real-life examples and a full index, A Basic Guide to Exporting provides expert advice and practical solutions to meet all of your exporting needs.
