Air Emissions from Natural Gas Exploration an Mining in the Barnett Shale Geological Reservoir PDF Download
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Author: Alisa Larraine Rich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This study evaluates air emissions from natural gas mining and production in the Barnett Shale within the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. Due to advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, natural gas production in the Barnett Shale increased from 3 wells in 2000 to almost 8,000 wells in six Metroplex counties by 2008. Currently, information regarding emissions from natural gas production, particularly regarding hazardous air pollutants, is lacking; this information is particularly important given that drilling and production is occurring in highly urbanized areas. The objectives of this study were thus: To identify the 'fingerprint' of chemicals associated with natural gas production in the Barnett Shale through passive air monitoring; and: To correlate the presence of the fingerprint chemicals to methane and to each other. Air sampling was conducted at 36 sampling sites in 6 counties, resulting in 50 sets of monitoring data for subsequent statistical analysis. Passive samples were collected using summa canisters with 24-hour flow valves according to ASTM Method D-1357. Canister contents were analyzed for Toxic Organics (TO-14A), Tentatively Identified Compounds (TICs) and Light Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer Analysis (GC-MS). Statistical analysis confirmed a statistically significant probability that other chemicals will be present with methane including toluene, m & p xylenes, dichlorodifluoromethane, benzene, o-xylene, chloromethane, ethylbenzene, C12hydrocarbon, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and carbon disulfide. A Pearson's correlation coefficient identified strong relationships between toluene and m & p xylene (r = 0.85), benzene and toluene (r = 0.89), benzene and xylene (r = 0.86). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified specific chemicals associated with 2 significant factors. These factors were strongly associated to specific natural gas mining and production processes, including fracking, flaring, venting, compression, and tanks holding produced water/condensate, and injection of produced water into wells. An ANOVA F-test confirmed a significant difference of specific chemicals related to compression with a p-value of>0.05. Many of the chemicals identified in this study are hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and are known/suspected carcinogens, mutagens, developmental toxicants and neurotoxicants. Thus, use of dispersion modeling is advisable to develop safe setback distances between natural gas drilling/production facilities and critical receptors, such as schools.
Author: Alisa Larraine Rich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
This study evaluates air emissions from natural gas mining and production in the Barnett Shale within the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. Due to advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, natural gas production in the Barnett Shale increased from 3 wells in 2000 to almost 8,000 wells in six Metroplex counties by 2008. Currently, information regarding emissions from natural gas production, particularly regarding hazardous air pollutants, is lacking; this information is particularly important given that drilling and production is occurring in highly urbanized areas. The objectives of this study were thus: To identify the 'fingerprint' of chemicals associated with natural gas production in the Barnett Shale through passive air monitoring; and: To correlate the presence of the fingerprint chemicals to methane and to each other. Air sampling was conducted at 36 sampling sites in 6 counties, resulting in 50 sets of monitoring data for subsequent statistical analysis. Passive samples were collected using summa canisters with 24-hour flow valves according to ASTM Method D-1357. Canister contents were analyzed for Toxic Organics (TO-14A), Tentatively Identified Compounds (TICs) and Light Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer Analysis (GC-MS). Statistical analysis confirmed a statistically significant probability that other chemicals will be present with methane including toluene, m & p xylenes, dichlorodifluoromethane, benzene, o-xylene, chloromethane, ethylbenzene, C12hydrocarbon, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and carbon disulfide. A Pearson's correlation coefficient identified strong relationships between toluene and m & p xylene (r = 0.85), benzene and toluene (r = 0.89), benzene and xylene (r = 0.86). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified specific chemicals associated with 2 significant factors. These factors were strongly associated to specific natural gas mining and production processes, including fracking, flaring, venting, compression, and tanks holding produced water/condensate, and injection of produced water into wells. An ANOVA F-test confirmed a significant difference of specific chemicals related to compression with a p-value of>0.05. Many of the chemicals identified in this study are hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and are known/suspected carcinogens, mutagens, developmental toxicants and neurotoxicants. Thus, use of dispersion modeling is advisable to develop safe setback distances between natural gas drilling/production facilities and critical receptors, such as schools.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Natural gas
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
The first comprehensive analysis of air emissions associated with natural gas and oil production in the Barnett Shale area finds that emissions can be a significant contributor to Dallas/Fort Worth smog formation, comparable to the combined emissions from all Metroplex cars and trucks.
Author: Farhan A. Dohde
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
Author: Debra A Kaden
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128041250
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Environmental and Health Issues in Unconventional Oil and Gas Development offers a series of authoritative perspectives from varied viewpoints on key issues relevant in the use of directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing, providing a timely presentation of requisite information on the implications of these technologies for those connected to unconventional oil and shale gas development. Utilizing expertise from a range of contributors in academia, non-governmental organizations, and the oil and gas industry, Environmental and Health Issues in Unconventional Oil and Gas Development is an essential resource for academics and professionals in the oil and gas, environmental, and health and safety industries as well as for policy makers. Offers a multi-disciplinary appreciation of the environmental and health issues related to unconventional oil and shale gas development Serves as a collective resource for academics and professionals in the oil and gas, environmental, health, and safety industries, as well as environmental scientists and policymakers Features a diverse and expert group of chapter authors from academia, non-governmental organizations, governmental agencies, and the oil and gas industry
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9789264101227
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
This book explores the implications of newly developing risks such as hugely damaging hurricanes, new diseases, terrorist attacks, and disruptions to critical infrastructures.
Author: James G. Speight
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 0128030984
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
Natural gas and crude oil production from hydrocarbon rich deep shale formations is one of the most quickly expanding trends in domestic oil and gas exploration. Vast new natural gas and oil resources are being discovered every year across North America and one of those new resources comes from the development of deep shale formations, typically located many thousands of feet below the surface of the Earth in tight, low permeability formations. Deep Shale Oil and Gas provides an introduction to shale gas resources as well as offer a basic understanding of the geomechanical properties of shale, the need for hydraulic fracturing, and an indication of shale gas processing. The book also examines the issues regarding the nature of shale gas development, the potential environmental impacts, and the ability of the current regulatory structure to deal with these issues. Deep Shale Oil and Gas delivers a useful reference that today’s petroleum and natural gas engineer can use to make informed decisions about meeting and managing the challenges they may face in the development of these resources. Clarifies all the basic information needed to quickly understand today’s deeper shale oil and gas industry, horizontal drilling, fracture fluids chemicals needed, and completions Addresses critical coverage on water treatment in shale, and important and evolving technology Practical handbook with real-world case shale plays discussed, especially the up-and-coming deeper areas of shale development
Author: Reza Rezaee
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119039266
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 417
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Book Description
Provides comprehensive information about the key exploration, development and optimization concepts required for gas shale reservoirs Includes statistics about gas shale resources and countries that have shale gas potential Addresses the challenges that oil and gas industries may confront for gas shale reservoir exploration and development Introduces petrophysical analysis, rock physics, geomechanics and passive seismic methods for gas shale plays Details shale gas environmental issues and challenges, economic consideration for gas shale reservoirs Includes case studies of major producing gas shale formations
Author: Gundersen/Wanty
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780873719551
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Book Description
Field Studies of Radon in Rocks, Soils, and Water focuses on the principal sources of indoor radon and detecting radon through geochemical and hydrological studies of ground water. The book addresses how to measure radon, covers geological field study techniques, and presents techniques for assessing radon potential. The geochemical and hydrological studies of ground water cover such areas as health effects and radionuclides in geology. Techniques for measuring radon in ground water are also provided. Field Studies of Radon in Rocks, Soils, and Water is an excellent practical guide for geologists, geochemists, ground water professionals, and geophysicists interested in radon. Features
Author: International Energy Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
The availability of oil and gas for future generations continues to provoke international debate. In 2005, the first edition of Resources to Reserves found that the known hydrocarbon resources were sufficient to sustain likely growth for the foreseeable future. Yet the book also predicted that developing oil and gas resources - and bringing them to market - would become more technically demanding. Resources to Reserves 2013 - a comprehensive update to the 2005 edition - confirms these earlier findings and investigates whether oil and gas resources can be produced at a reasonable cost and in a timely manner, while also protecting environmentally sensitive areas. Released amid a boom in shale gas and oil development in North America that is transforming the global energy landscape, the book surveys the cutting-edge technologies needed to find, produce and bring these reserves to the market, and it reviews the challenges on greenhouse gas emissions associated with fossil fuel production. With renewed interest in coal as a potential source of liquid and gaseous fuels, it also looks at technology advances for this fossil fuel.
