African Elephant Population Study PDF Download
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Author: Iain Douglas-Hamilton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
Author: Iain Douglas-Hamilton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 69
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Book Description
Author: Raman Sukumar
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198026730
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 495
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Book Description
The Living Elephants is the authoritative resource for information on both Asian and African elephants. From the ancient origins of the proboscideans to the present-day crisis of the living elephants, this volume synthesizes the behavior, ecology and conservation of elephants, while covering also the history of human interactions with elephants, all within the theoretical framework of evolutionary biology. The book begins with a survey of the 60-million year evolutionary history of the proboscideans emphasizing the role of climate and vegetation change in giving rise to a bewildering array of species, but also discussing the possible role of humans in the late Pleistocene extinction of mastodonts and mammoths. The latest information on the molecular genetics of African and Asian elephants and its taxonomic implications are then presented. The rise of the elephant culture in Asia, and its early demise in Africa are traced along with an original interpretation of this unique animal-human relationship. The book then moves on to the social life of elephants as it relates to reproductive strategies of males and females, development of behavior in young, communication, ranging patterns, and societal organization. The foraging strategies of elephants, their impact on the vegetation and landscape are then discussed. The dynamics of elephant populations in relation to hunting for ivory and their population viability are described with the aid of mathematical models. A detailed account of elephant-human interactions includes a treatment of crop depredation by elephants in relation to their natural ecology, manslaughter by elephants, habitat manipulation by humans, and a history of the ivory trade and poaching in the two continents. The ecological information is brought together in the final chapter to formulate a set of pragmatic recommendations for the long-term conservation of elephants. The broadest treatment of the subject yet undertaken, by one of the leading workers in the field, Raman Sukumar, the book promises to bring the understanding of elephants to a new level. It should be of interest not only to biologists but also a broader audience including field ecologists, wildlife administrators, historians, conservationists and all those interested in elephants and their future.
Author: D. H. M. Cumming
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Book Description
Author: J. J. Blanc
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 2831709709
Category : African elephant
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Author: Cynthia J. Moss
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226542238
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
Elephants have fascinated humans for millennia. Aristotle wrote of them with awe and Hannibal used them in warfare. This book is the summation of what's been learned from the Amboseli Elephant Research Project (AERP) - the longest continuously running elephant research project in the world.
Author: R. F. W. Barnes
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 9782831704920
Category : African elephant
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Reports on elephant surveys, populations, and distribution maps.
Author: Jessica Junker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The elephant debate deals largely with population size, how elephant numbers change over time, how they may affect vegetation, and how their populations should be managed. Trends in elephant numbers frequently motivate management decisions, and past efforts to alleviate elephant impact aimed at controlling population size. However, methodological and statistical constraints may influence interpretation of trends and lead to incorrect management decisions. Furthermore, inferences about the response of elephant populations to specific management actions are seldom based on scientific evidence. In this thesis I assess the consequences of survey design and monitoring features on the interpretation and statistical reliability of population trends as well as the effect of population management on elephant densities and population growth rates. To do this, I collated information on elephant population estimates and past management actions across Africa. I used information from the northern Botswana elephant population to clarify temporal trends in elephant densities and numbers. Elephant numbers in northern Botswana increased from 1973 to 1993 while densities remained relatively stable. This difference in trends is due to an associated increase in survey area during the same time. In contrast, from 1996 to 2004 surveyed areas remained constant in size and neither elephant numbers, nor densities changed significantly during this time. This apparent stabilisation in numbers may have resulted from density-related elephant dispersal. This case study suggests that in open populations movements may complicate the interpretation of trends, and that differences in the rates of change in numbers and densities may have different management implications. The precision of population estimates, sample size, population size, and the magnitude of the annual rate of population change to be detected, affect power to identify trends. Two-thirds of the 156 time series that I assembled apparently were stable, and only 30 % of these had sufficient statistical power to detect population changes. These apparent stable trends without sufficient statistical power are inconclusive and should not be used to inform management decisions. Past elephant population management practices may have increased densities and growth rates in African elephant populations. Case studies of populations that were exposed to different management actions indicated that fencing of populations and water supplementation may have enhanced growth rates probably by influencing dispersal patterns. Thus, past management practices may have contributed to the elephant problem by enhancing local elephant densities and population growth rates. In this thesis, I showed that trends based on elephant numbers may be misleading when the area over which elephants were counted, increased in size. Second, despite much effort and resources devoted to the monitoring of elephant populations for more than 50 years, population estimates and time series including such estimates had low quality, thereby reducing statistical power to detect trends in population change. Third, population growth rates were associated with management, where elephant population densities grew at faster rates when managed. Future conservation efforts should take into account the methodological and statistical constraints that may influence trend analyses of elephant populations and take cognizance of the fact that management decisions need to be evaluated against expected outcomes. Copyright.
Author: J. J. Blanc
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 9782831707075
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
The African elephant is the largest living land mammal, and their potential impact on their habitats raises important management issues both for protected areas and unprotected land. This Status Report, derived from data contained in the African Elephant Database, is rich in data and information on numbers, distribution and current issues, and provides continent-wide information that is vital for conservation. It will help wildlife management authorities to harmonize their policy and management decisions across regions, as well as the continent, to reduce conflict and relax the pressure on habitats.
Author: Robert (Bob) Scholes
Publisher: NYU Press
ISBN: 1776142276
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 551
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Book Description
Elephants are among the most magnificent – but also most problematic –members of South Africa's wildlife population. While they are sought after by South African and foreign tourists alike, they also have a major impact on their environment. As a result, elephant management has become a highly complex and often controversial discipline. The information needed to underpin vital decisions about elephant management has largely been unavailable to decision-makers, contested by experts, or simply unknown. As a result, the South African Minister for Environmental Affairs and Tourism convened a round table to advise him on this issue. The round table recommended that a scientific assessment of elephant management be undertaken to gather, evaluate, and present all the relevant information on this topic. Its main findings and recommendations are contained in this volume. Elephant Management is the first book of its kind, combining the work of more than 60 national and international experts. Extensively reviewed by policy-makers and other stakeholders, it is the most systematic and comprehensive review of savanna elephant populations and factors relevant to managing them to date. As such it is of interest to a broad spectrum of readers in South Africa and elsewhere. Above all, it is aimed at helping conservation policy-makers and practitioners to choose the best possible options for the sustainable preservation of these iconic animals.
Author: Christina Skarpe
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118858581
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
During the nineteenth century, ivory hunting caused a substantial decrease of elephant numbers in southern Africa. Soon after that, populations of many other large and medium-sized herbivores went into steep decline due to the rinderpest pandemic in the 1890s. These two events provided an opportunity for woodland establishment in areas previously intensively utilized by elephants and other herbivores. The return of elephants to currently protected areas of their former range has greatly influenced vegetation locally and the resulting potential negative effects on biodiversity are causing concern among stakeholders, managers, and scientists. This book focuses on the ecological effects of the increasing elephant population in northern Botswana, presenting the importance of the elephants for the heterogeneity of the system, and showing that elephant ecology involves much wider spatiotemporal scales than was previously thought. Drawing on the results of their research, the authors discuss elephant-caused effects on vegetation in nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor savannas, and the potential competition between elephants on the one hand and browsers and mixed feeders on the other. Ultimately this text provides a comprehensive review of ecological processes in African savannas, covering long-term ecosystem changes and human-wildlife conflicts. It summarises new knowledge on the ecology of the sub-humid African savanna ecosystems to advance the general functional understanding of savanna ecosystems across moisture and nutrient gradients.
