Aerospace-plane Flights and Stratospheric Ozone PDF Download
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Author: Shiao-kung Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hypersonic planes
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
The United States is engaged in a National Aerospace Plane program to develop an air-breathing single-stage-to-orbit vehicle, the X-30. This note provides estimates of stratospheric changes in water vapor and nitrogen oxide content in order to assess the effect on stratospheric ozone from an operational fleet of such vehicles. Assuming a fleet of 20, each making 10 flights a year, Liu finds that the effect on stratospheric ozone would be much smaller than other anthropogenic effects.
Author: Shiao-kung Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hypersonic planes
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
The United States is engaged in a National Aerospace Plane program to develop an air-breathing single-stage-to-orbit vehicle, the X-30. This note provides estimates of stratospheric changes in water vapor and nitrogen oxide content in order to assess the effect on stratospheric ozone from an operational fleet of such vehicles. Assuming a fleet of 20, each making 10 flights a year, Liu finds that the effect on stratospheric ozone would be much smaller than other anthropogenic effects.
Author: Richard S. Stolarski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Subcommittee on the Upper Atmosphere
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric ozone
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
Author: Richard S. Stolarski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics, Commercial
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. Subcommittee on the Upper Atmosphere
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric ozone
Languages : en
Pages : 562
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Book Description
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781722850456
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
In the early 1970's, a fleet of supersonic aircraft flying in the lower stratosphere was proposed. A large fleet was never built for economic, political, and environmental reasons. Technological improvements may make it economically feasible to develop supersonic aircraft for current markets. Some key results of earlier scientific programs designed to assess the impact of aircraft emissions on stratospheric ozone are reviewed, and factors that must be considered to assess the environmental impact of aircraft exhaust are discussed. These include the amount of nitrogen oxides injected in the stratosphere, horizontal transport, and stratosphere/troposphere assessment models are presented. Areas in which improvements in scientific understanding and model representation must be made to reduce the uncertainty in model calculations are identified. Douglass, A. R. and Carroll, M. A. and Demore, W. B. and Holton, J. R. and Isaksen, I. S. A. and Johnston, H. S. and Ko, M. K. W. Goddard Space Flight Center; Jet Propulsion Laboratory ...
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Author: Andras Sóbester
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441994580
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
In this book, Dr. Andras Sobester reviews the science behind high altitude flight. He takes the reader on a journey that begins with the complex physiological questions involved in taking humans into the "death zone." How does the body react to falling ambient pressure? Why is hypoxia (oxygen deficiency associated with low air pressure) so dangerous and why is it so difficult to 'design out' of aircraft, why does it still cause fatalities in the 21st century? What cabin pressures are air passengers and military pilots exposed to and why is the choice of an appropriate range of values such a difficult problem? How do high altitude life support systems work and what happens if they fail? What happens if cabin pressure is lost suddenly or, even worse, slowly and unnoticed? The second part of the book tackles the aeronautical problems of flying in the upper atmosphere. What loads does stratospheric flight place on pressurized cabins at high altitude and why are these difficult to predict? What determines the maximum altitude an aircraft can climb to? What is the 'coffin corner' and how can it be avoided? The history of aviation has seen a handful of airplanes reach altitudes in excess of 70,000 feet - what are the extreme engineering challenges of climbing into the upper stratosphere? Flying high makes very high speeds possible -- what are the practical limits? The key advantage of stratospheric flight is that the aircraft will be 'above the weather' - but is this always the case? Part three of the book investigates the extreme atmospheric conditions that may be encountered in the upper atmosphere. How high can a storm cell reach and what is it like to fly into one? How frequent is high altitude 'clear air' turbulence, what causes it and what are its effects on aircraft? The stratosphere can be extremely cold - how cold does it have to be before flight becomes unsafe? What happens when an aircraft encounters volcanic ash at high altitude? Very high winds can be encountered at the lower boundary of the stratosphere - what effect do they have on aviation? Finally, part four looks at the extreme limits of stratospheric flight. How high will a winged aircraft will ever be able to fly? What are the ultimate altitude limits of ballooning? What is the greatest altitude that you could still bail out from? And finally, what are the challenges of exploring the stratospheres of other planets and moons? The author discusses these and many other questions, the known knowns, the known unkonwns and the potential unknown unknowns of stratospheric flight through a series of notable moments of the recent history of mankind's forays into the upper atmospheres, each of these incidents, accidents or great triumphs illustrating a key aspect of what makes stratospheric flight aviation at the limit.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781721102150
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
This report presents EPA's initial response to NASA's request to advise on potential environmental policy issues associated with the future development of supersonic flight technologies. Consistent with the scope of the study to which NASA and EPA agreed, EPA has evaluated only the environmental concerns related to the stratospheric ozone impacts of a hypothetical HSCT fleet, although recent research indicates that a fleet of HSCT is predicted to contribute to climate warming as well. This report also briefly describes the international and domestic institutional frameworks established to address stratospheric ozone depletion, as well as those established to control pollution from aircraft engine exhaust emissions. Wey, Chowen (Technical Monitor) Glenn Research Center NASA Order C-30039-J; EPA-80938647; RTOP 714-01-20
Author: Michael J. Prather
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics, Commercial
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
