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Author: Robabeh Bashiri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This chapter elaborates a review of sol-gel-prepared TiO2 photocatalyst for different photocatalytic applications. Among the semiconductors employed, TiO2 is known as an attractive photocatalyst owing to its high photosensitivity, nontoxicity, easy availability, strong oxidizing power and long-term stability. Some research works related to the effect of sol-gel preparation parameters on physicochemical properties and different photocatalytic applications of prepared TiO2 photocatalysts are reported. Furthermore, various sol-gel and related systems for modification of TiO2 photocatalytic performance, including transition metals and co-doing of TiO2, were considered. The results illustrated that doping TiO2 with metal ions through sol-gel method usually resulted in an improved efficiency of TiO2 photocatalyst. This method has all the advantages over other preparation techniques in terms of purity, homogeneity, felicity and flexibility in introducing dopants in a large concentration, stoichiometry control, ease of processing and composition control.
Author: Robabeh Bashiri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This chapter elaborates a review of sol-gel-prepared TiO2 photocatalyst for different photocatalytic applications. Among the semiconductors employed, TiO2 is known as an attractive photocatalyst owing to its high photosensitivity, nontoxicity, easy availability, strong oxidizing power and long-term stability. Some research works related to the effect of sol-gel preparation parameters on physicochemical properties and different photocatalytic applications of prepared TiO2 photocatalysts are reported. Furthermore, various sol-gel and related systems for modification of TiO2 photocatalytic performance, including transition metals and co-doing of TiO2, were considered. The results illustrated that doping TiO2 with metal ions through sol-gel method usually resulted in an improved efficiency of TiO2 photocatalyst. This method has all the advantages over other preparation techniques in terms of purity, homogeneity, felicity and flexibility in introducing dopants in a large concentration, stoichiometry control, ease of processing and composition control.
Author: Usha Chandra
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535132458
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Versatility, extended compositional ranges, better homogeneity, lesser energy consumption, and requirement of nonexpensive equipments have boosted the use of sol-gel process on top of the popularity in the synthesis of nanosystems. The sol-gel technique has not only revolutionized oxide ceramics industry and/or material science but has also extended widely into multidimensional applications. The book Recent Applications in Sol-Gel Synthesis comprises 14 chapters that deal mainly with the application-oriented aspects of the technique. Sol-gel prepared metal oxide (MO) nanostructures like nanospheres, nanorods, nanoflakes, nanotubes, and nanoribbons have been employed in biomedical applications involving drug deliveries, mimicking of natural bone, and antimicrobial activities. The possibility of controlling grain size in aerogel and preparation of ultrahigh-temperature ceramic (UHTC)-based materials, fluorescent glasses, ultraviolet photosensors, and photocatalysts have been discussed in detail by the experts in the field. The usefulness of sol-gel materials as active GRIN, as textile finisher, and as leather modifier with water-repellent and oil-resistive properties would be an incentive for researchers keen to pursue the field.
Author: Sumio Sakka
Publisher: Taylor & Francis US
ISBN: 9781402072918
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Sol-Gel Science and Technology covers optical, electronic and magnetic, chemical, mechanical, biomedical and biotechnological materials. Concerning the microstructures, the sol-gel method applies to porous materials, dense materials like glasses and ceramics, organic-inorganic hybrids and nanocomposites. The four volumes of this reference treat four areas that are timely, important and seeing great research activity: -Sol-gel prepared ferroelectrics and related materials. -Sol-gel processing of titanium oxides: photocatalyst and other applications. -Sol-gel prepared organic-inorganic hybrids and nanocomposites. -Sol-gel processing of porous materials: application to catalysts, enzymes, chemical analysis, sensors, and membranes. The goal of these four volumes is to disseminate the recent research results published in recent issues of Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, which is a unique journal devoted to Sol-Gel.
Author: Masakazu Anpo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387484442
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 740
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Book Description
Over the past few decades, mankind has observed an unprecedented and remarkable growth in industry, resulting in a more prosperous lifestyle for peoples of many countries. In developing countries, however, explosive industrial growth is just now beginning to raise the living standards of the people. Most industries, especially in these developing countries, are still powered by the burning of fossil fuels; con- quently, a lack of clean energy resources has caused environmental pollution on an unprecedented large and global scale. Toxic wastes have been relentlessly released into the air and water leading to serious and devastating environmental and health problems while endangering the planet and life itself with the effects of global warming. To address these urgent environmental issues, new catalytic and photocatalytic processes as well as open-atmospheric systems are presently being developed that can operate at room temperature while being totally clean and ef?cient and thus environmentally harmonious. Essential to technologies harnessing the abundant solar energy that reaches the earth are the highly functional photocatalytic proce- es that can utilize not only UV light, but also visible light.
Author: Yongjun Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Synthesis of high performance titania photocatalytic films with good structural integrity is an important aspect in the design of high-efficiency photocatalytic reactors for water purification. One aspect of this dissertation deals with employing new approaches based on template-assisted Degussa P25 TiO2 powder modified sol gel processes for the synthesis of tailor-designed porous TiO2-P25 composite films with good structural integrity for water purification. A relatively low Degussa P25 loading (i.e., 10 g/L in the sol) is employed, which can avoid crack formation in the films. High porosity induced by the combined effect of template such as polyethylene glycol (PEG 2000) or polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) with Degussa P25 can be beneficial to the exposure of the maximum number of high active Degussa P25 nanocrystallites in the inner layers to the solid-liquid interface. Moreover, the formation of P25 associated larger pores (i.e., macropores or larger mesopores) is beneficial to fast mass transfer of the treated contaminants in the larger pore channels. As a result, the enhancement in photocatalytic activity induced by low loading P25 is high. For the TiO2-P25 composite films prepared by a PEG-assisted P25 modified sol gel method (i.e., PPMSGF-PEG), the optimum calcination temperature is 500 & degC under which improved BET surface area/ porosity and a bimodal macro-mesoporous structure can be formed. For mesoporous TiO2-P25 composite films prepared by a Tween 20-assisted P25 powder modified sol gel method, the optimum Tween 20 loading is 50% (v/v) in the sol under which high BET surface area (74 m2/g) / porosity (50.6%), bimodal mesoporous structure and larger film thickness can be obtained. On the other hand, the pore structure of photocatalytic films prepared by a P25 powder modified sol gel method (i.e., PPMSGFs) and in the absence of templates can be improved and the amount of surface foreign metal ions (i.e., Cr3+) diffused from the stainless steel support during heat treatment can be decreased by increasing P25 loading from 0 to 50g/L in the sol or decreasing calcination temperature from 600 to 500-400 & degC. However, crack formation cannot be avoided for the PPMSGFs with high P25 loading (i.e., 50 g/L in the sol) in this study. Another aspect of this dissertation is to address some challenging issues in the formation of unique structures of TiO2 films using various sol gel methods without Degussa P25 TiO2 nanoparticles addition. By decreasing calcination temperature from 600 to 500 & degC, a crack free and thick TiO2 film with optimum film thickness (10 um) as well as low porosity (~5%) and narrow pore size distribution (2-10 nm) was successfully prepared. Moreover, the macro-mesoporous texture of thick TiO2 films without crack formation was obtained by optimizing the PEG 2000 loading in the sol (i.e., 20 g/L PEG 2000). Tween 20 was found to be an effective template in a non-acidic sol gel system. Optimization of Tween 20 loading (i.e., Tween 20: final sol = 50%, (v/v)) in the sol) resulted in the formation of relatively ordered mesoporous structure of TiO2 films with anatase nanocrystallites of ultrafine size (~7 nm), high BET surface area (~120 m2 /g) and high pore volume (~0.155 cm3/g). The advantages of the above unique structures of the as-prepared TiO2 films in the application of various water purification systems are emphasized.
Author: Suresh C. Pillai
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319501445
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
This volume provides expert coverage of the state-of-the-art in sol-gel materials for functional applications in energy, environment and electronics. The use of sol-gel technology has become a hotbed for cutting edge developments in many fields due to the accessibility of advanced materials through low energy processes. The book offers a broad view of this growing research area from basic science through high-level applications with the potential for commercialization and industrial use. Taking an integrated approach, expert chapters present a wide range of topics, from photocatalysts, solar cells and optics, to thin films and materials for energy storage and conversion, demonstrating the combined use of chemistry, physics, materials science and engineering in the search for solutions to some of the most challenging problems of our time.
Author: Dongfang Yang
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789233267
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Titanium dioxide is currently being used in many industrial products. It provides unique photocatalytic properties for water splitting and purification, bacterial inactivation, and organics degradation. It has also been widely used as the photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells and coatings for self-cleaning surfaces, biomedical implants, and nanomedicine. This book covers various aspects of titanium dioxide nanomaterials including their unique one-dimensional, two-dimensional, mesoporous, and hierarchical nanostructures and their synthetic methods such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, anodic oxidation, and electrophoretic deposition, as well as its key applications in environmental and energy sectors. Through these 24 chapters written by experts from the international scientific community, readers will have access to a comprehensive overview of the recent research and development findings on the titanium dioxide nanomaterials.
Author: Yige Yan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The objective of this work consists in synthesizing TiO2 nanomaterials designed for the degradation of VOCs and for the elimination of bacteria on surface. Firstly, based on a synthesis of a BmimPF6-ionic liquid-derived TiO2 material through a modified sol-gel route, the roles of two constituent elements of BmimPF6 (P and F) have been investigated by replacing BmimPF6 with P- and F- contained additives. Comparing to the reference P25 and additive-free-derived TiO2 materials, P-derived TiO2 showed already well crystallized anatase phase before calcination and a high surface area along with a small mean crystal size even after calcinations. Those properties were similar to that synthesized with the presence of BmimPF6; while F-derived TiO2 crystals showed anisotropic shape during the aging step of the synthesis. Evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts has been performed then. Compared to additive-free derived TiO2 and the TiO2 P25, P- and F- derived TiO2 materials with low P and F content (“PANaF”) showed higher activity under UVA in terms of gas-phase degradation of a model VOC, Methl Ethyl Ketone (MEK). The same material also showed higher surface anti-bacterial activity under UVA in liquid against several strains of different bacterial species over that of P25. A correlation between the high photocatalytic performances with the material properties for “PANaF” TiO2 materials was finally proposed. The influences of the presence of bulk or surface PO43-, dissolved O2 concentration and surface topology on photocatalytic activity were also discussed. The cheap replacement additives used and the resulted high activity of “PANaF” TiO2 nanomaterials presents interest for industrial elaboration.
Author: Shamaila Sajjad
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3640986245
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2011 in the subject Chemistry - Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology (-), language: English, abstract: Considerable effort has been made to design, fabricate, and manipulate nanostructured materials by innovative approaches. The precise control of nanoscale structures will pave the way not only for elucidating unique size/shape dependent physicochemical properties but also for realizing new applications in science and technology. Nanotechnology offers unprecedented opportunities for improving our daily lives and the environment in which we live. This thesis mainly describes recent progress in the design, fabrication, and modification of nanostructured semiconductor materials for environmental applications. The scope of this thesis covers TiO2, Bi2O3 and BiOCl materials, focusing particularly on TiO2-based nanostructures (e.g., pure, doped, coupled, mesoporous, hierarchically porous, and ordered mesoporous TiO2). Mesoporous titania is of particular interest since this class of materials possesses well-defined porosity and large specific surface areas. For photocatalytic degradation of organics, these desirable properties are anticipated to improve the efficiency. So in the first part of work, I have synthesized the mesoporous titania by using poly ethylene glycol as a template in dilute acetic acid aqueous solution by hydrothermal process and investigated the effect of PEG molecular weights and thermal treatment on the resultant structure and photocatalytic activity. When the molecular weights of PEG vary from 600 to 20,000, the particle sizes of mesoporous-TiO2 structure decrease from 15.1 to 13.3 nm and mean pore sizes increase from 6.9-10.6 nm. The activities of these mesoporous-TiO2 photocatalysts prepared by using PEG are evaluated and compared with Degussa P-25 using chloro-phenol as a testing compound. [...]
Author: Akira Fujishima
Publisher:
ISBN: 9784939051036
Category : Photocatalysis
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
