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Author: Paolo Peretto
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194949
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Languages : en
Pages : 121
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Book Description
The discovery that mammalian brains contain neural stem cells which perform adult neurogenesis - the production and integration of new neurons into mature neural circuits - has provided a fully new vision of neural plasticity. On a theoretical basis, this achievement opened new perspectives for therapeutic approaches in restorative and regenerative neurology. Nevertheless, in spite of striking advancement concerning the molecular and cellular mechanisms which allow and regulate the neurogenic process, its exploitation in mammals for brain repair strategies remains unsolved. In non-mammalian vertebrates, adult neurogenesis also contributes to brain repair/regeneration. In mammals, neural stem cells do respond to pathological conditions in the so called "reactive neurogenesis", yet without substantial regenerative outcome. Why, even in the presence of stem cells in the brain, we lack an effective reparative outcome in terms of regenerative neurology, and which factors hamper the attainment of this goal? Essentially, what remains unanswered is the question whether (and how) physiological functions of adult neurogenesis in mammals can be exploited for brain repair purposes.
Author: Paolo Peretto
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889194949
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Languages : en
Pages : 121
Get Book Here
Book Description
The discovery that mammalian brains contain neural stem cells which perform adult neurogenesis - the production and integration of new neurons into mature neural circuits - has provided a fully new vision of neural plasticity. On a theoretical basis, this achievement opened new perspectives for therapeutic approaches in restorative and regenerative neurology. Nevertheless, in spite of striking advancement concerning the molecular and cellular mechanisms which allow and regulate the neurogenic process, its exploitation in mammals for brain repair strategies remains unsolved. In non-mammalian vertebrates, adult neurogenesis also contributes to brain repair/regeneration. In mammals, neural stem cells do respond to pathological conditions in the so called "reactive neurogenesis", yet without substantial regenerative outcome. Why, even in the presence of stem cells in the brain, we lack an effective reparative outcome in terms of regenerative neurology, and which factors hamper the attainment of this goal? Essentially, what remains unanswered is the question whether (and how) physiological functions of adult neurogenesis in mammals can be exploited for brain repair purposes.
Author: Juan J. Canales
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780128019771
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Neurogenesis in the adult brain has emerged as one of the most dynamic and rapidly moving fields in modern neuroscience research. The implications of adult neurogenesis for health and well-being are wide-ranging, with findings in this area having distinct relevance for treatment and rehabilitation in neurology and psychopathology. Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus addresses these implications by providing an up-to-date account on how neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus contributes to critical psychological and physiological processes, such as learning and memory, and how it is modified by life experiences, such as aging, environmental enrichment, exercise, and dieting. The book also provides the most current reviews of how adult hippocampal neurogenesis influences the pathogenesis of mood disorders, addiction, and key neurological disorders. This book is the ideal resource for researchers and advanced graduates seeking focused knowledge on the role of adult neurogenesis in brain health and disease.
Author: Steven C. Cramer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139490656
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.
Author: Carla Mucignat-Caretta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466553413
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
Intraspecific communication involves the activation of chemoreceptors and subsequent activation of different central areas that coordinate the responses of the entire organism—ranging from behavioral modification to modulation of hormones release. Animals emit intraspecific chemical signals, often referred to as pheromones, to advertise their presence to members of the same species and to regulate interactions aimed at establishing and regulating social and reproductive bonds. In the last two decades, scientists have developed a greater understanding of the neural processing of these chemical signals. Neurobiology of Chemical Communication explores the role of the chemical senses in mediating intraspecific communication. Providing an up-to-date outline of the most recent advances in the field, it presents data from laboratory and wild species, ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates, from insects to humans. The book examines the structure, anatomy, electrophysiology, and molecular biology of pheromones. It discusses how chemical signals work on different mammalian and non-mammalian species and includes chapters on insects, Drosophila, honey bees, amphibians, mice, tigers, and cattle. It also explores the controversial topic of human pheromones. An essential reference for students and researchers in the field of pheromones, this is also an ideal resource for those working on behavioral phenotyping of animal models and persons interested in the biology/ecology of wild and domestic species.
Author: Robert M. Sapolsky
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 454
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Book Description
Looking beyond the now widely recognized relationships between stress and physical illness, this accessible and engagingly written book suggests that stress and stress-related hormones can also endanger the brain.
Author: Ales Stuchlik
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789233569
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
The hippocampus is an important brain region, a true central hub for memory of various kinds and other processes. Neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, drug addiction, and schizophrenia are characterized by hippocampal alterations. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a site exhibiting adult neurogenesis. This book covers the topic of the hippocampus from various perspectives. It discusses adult neurogenesis, effect of enriched environments on hippocampal plasticity, and long-term potentiation-associated gene expression. The book also addresses multiscale representations of complex environments and strategies in the hippocampus-dependent spatial tasks. Finally, insight into the hippocampus as a link between negative affect and relapse to psychostimulants is provided. The book collects evidence of various hippocampal functions in healthy and disordered brain.
Author: MallIck/Inoue
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824703226
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 450
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Book Description
This reference also includes nine color plates. Written by leading international scientists in the field, this comprehensive and up-to-date reference provides detailed coverage of various aspects of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS)-including phylogeny and evolution, ontogeny, neurophysiological and neurochemical phenomena, molecular processes, behavioral and physiological changes due to deprivation, and hypotheses on the neurodynamics of REMS. Examining the relationship between the neocortex in mammals and birds in the evolution of REM sleep, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep considers the roles of REMS in the maturation of the brain reveals a new theory that challenges the assumption that REM is solely initiated by bulbar mechanisms in intact animals explores experimental studies of REMS atonia and the mechanisms underlying tonic and phasic muscle atonia describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms and function of pontine ponto-geniculo-occipatal waves during REMS details the role of nitric oxide in the regulation of REMS summarizes new evidence on which neurotransmitters are responsible for the REMS generating mechanism presents an overview of several endogenous sleep substances that may positively or negatively regulate REMS and more. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep serves as essential reading for all researchers and clinicians in the study of sleep science, particularly physiologists and biologists; neurologists, neuropsychiatrists, psychiatrists, and psychologists; anesethiologists; and pharmacologists.
Author: Thomas Platz
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030585050
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
This open access book focuses on practical clinical problems that are frequently encountered in stroke rehabilitation. Consequences of diseases, e.g. impairments and activity limitations, are addressed in rehabilitation with the overall goal to reduce disability and promote participation. Based on the available best external evidence, clinical pathways are described for stroke rehabilitation bridging the gap between clinical evidence and clinical decision-making. The clinical pathways answer the questions which rehabilitation treatment options are beneficial to overcome specific impairment constellations and activity limitations and are well acceptable to stroke survivors, as well as when and in which settings to provide rehabilitation over the course of recovery post stroke. Each chapter starts with a description of the clinical problem encountered. This is followed by a systematic, but concise review of the evidence (RCTs, systematic reviews and meta-analyses) that is relevant for clinical decision-making, and comments on assessment, therapy (training, technology, medication), and the use of technical aids as appropriate. Based on these summaries, clinical algorithms / pathways are provided and the main clinical-decision situations are portrayed. The book is invaluable for all neurorehabilitation team members, clinicians, nurses, and therapists in neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and related fields. It is a World Federation for NeuroRehabilitation (WFNR) educational initiative, bridging the gap between the rapidly expanding clinical research in stroke rehabilitation and clinical practice across societies and continents. It can be used for both clinical decision-making for individuals and as well as clinical background knowledge for stroke rehabilitation service development initiatives.
Author: Rocío Fernández-Ballesteros
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108641431
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 969
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Book Description
Recent studies show that more people than ever before are reaching old age in better health and enjoying that health for a longer time. This Handbook outlines the latest discoveries in the study of aging from bio-medicine, psychology, and socio-demography. It treats the study of aging as a multidisciplinary scientific subject, since it requires the interplay of broad disciplines, while offering high motivation, positive attitudes, and behaviors for aging well, and lifestyle changes that will help people to stay healthier across life span and in old age. Written by leading scholars from various academic disciplines, the chapters delve into the most topical aspects of aging today - including biological mechanisms of aging, aging with health, active and productive aging, aging with satisfaction, aging with respect, and aging with dignity. Aimed at health professionals as well as general readers, this Cambridge Handbook offers a new, positive approach to later life.
Author: Alfred Carter
Publisher: Murphy & Moore Publishing
ISBN: 9781639873845
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
Neurogenesis refers to the process of production of neurons by neural stem cells. There are different types of neural stem cells such as radial glial cells, neuroepithelial cells, intermediate neuronal precursors, basal progenitors, subgranular zone radial astrocytes and subventricular zone astrocytes. Neural stem cells are self-renewing and multipotent cells. Neurogenesis is responsible for producing all the different types of neurons within an individual. It is most active during embryonic development but continues throughout adult life. Adult neurogenesis is different from prenatal neurogenesis. Formation of new neurons in adults takes place in two regions of the brain, namely, subgranular zone and subventricular zone. This book strives to provide a fair idea about neurogenesis in adult brain and helps to develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. It presents researches and studies performed by experts across the globe. This book will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.
