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Author: United States. Department of Energy. Division of Energy Storage Systems
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy storage
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
This topical report describes active heat exchange concepts for use with thermal energy storage systems in the temperature range of 250 deg.C - 350 deg. C, using the heat of fusion of molten salts for storing thermal energy. It identifies over 25 novel techniques for active heat exchange thermal energy storage systems. Salt mixtures that freeze and melt in appropriate ranges are identified and are evaluated for physico-chemical, economic, corrosive and safety characteristics. Eight active heat exchange concepts for heat transfer during solidification are conceived and conceptually designed for use with selected storage media. The concepts are analyzed for their scalability, maintenance, safety, technological development and costs. A model for estimating and scaling storage system costs is developed and is used for economic evaluation of salt mixtures and heat exchange concepts for a large scale application. The importance of comparing salts and heat exchange concepts on a total system cost basis, rather than the component cost basis alone, is pointed out. Comparison of these costs with current state-of-the-art systems should be avoided due to significant differences in developmental status. The heat exchange concepts were sized and compared for 6.5 MPa/281 C steam conditions and a 1000 MW(t) heat rate for six hours. A cost sensitivity analysis for other design conditions is also carried out. The study resulted in the selection of a shell and coated-tube heat exchanger concept and a direct contact-reflux boiler heat exchange concept. For the storage medium, a dilute eutectic mixture of 99 wt% NaN03 and 1 wt% NaOH is selected for use in experimenting with the selected heat exchanger concepts in subsequent tasks.
Author: United States. Department of Energy. Division of Energy Storage Systems
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy storage
Languages : en
Pages : 130
Get Book Here
Book Description
This topical report describes active heat exchange concepts for use with thermal energy storage systems in the temperature range of 250 deg.C - 350 deg. C, using the heat of fusion of molten salts for storing thermal energy. It identifies over 25 novel techniques for active heat exchange thermal energy storage systems. Salt mixtures that freeze and melt in appropriate ranges are identified and are evaluated for physico-chemical, economic, corrosive and safety characteristics. Eight active heat exchange concepts for heat transfer during solidification are conceived and conceptually designed for use with selected storage media. The concepts are analyzed for their scalability, maintenance, safety, technological development and costs. A model for estimating and scaling storage system costs is developed and is used for economic evaluation of salt mixtures and heat exchange concepts for a large scale application. The importance of comparing salts and heat exchange concepts on a total system cost basis, rather than the component cost basis alone, is pointed out. Comparison of these costs with current state-of-the-art systems should be avoided due to significant differences in developmental status. The heat exchange concepts were sized and compared for 6.5 MPa/281 C steam conditions and a 1000 MW(t) heat rate for six hours. A cost sensitivity analysis for other design conditions is also carried out. The study resulted in the selection of a shell and coated-tube heat exchanger concept and a direct contact-reflux boiler heat exchange concept. For the storage medium, a dilute eutectic mixture of 99 wt% NaN03 and 1 wt% NaOH is selected for use in experimenting with the selected heat exchanger concepts in subsequent tasks.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy storage
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: United States. Department of Energy. Division of Energy Storage Systems
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy storage
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy storage
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: United States. Department of Energy. Division of Energy Storage Systems
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy storage
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
"The selection and evaluation phase of a program to develop active heat exchange concepts for latent heat thermal energy storage systems applicable to the utility industry is described. An evaluation of suitable storage media with melting points in the temperature range of interest (250 to 400 exp 0 C) limited the candidates to molten salts from the chloride, hydroxide and nitrate families, based on high storage capacity, good corrosion characteristics and availability in large quantities at reasonable cost. The specific salt recommended for laboratory tests was a chloride eutectic (20.5KCl-24.5NaCl-55.0MgCl sub 2 % by wt), with a nominal melting point of 385 exp 0 C. Various active heat exchange concepts were identified from among three generic categories: scrapers, agitators/vibrators and slurries. The more practical ones were given a more detailed technical evaluation and an economic comparison with a passive tube-shell design for a reference application (300 MW/sub t/ storage for 6 hours). Two concepts were selected for hardware development: a direct contact heat exchanger in which molten salt droplets are injected into a cooler counterflowing stream of liquid metal carrier fluid, and a rotating drum scraper in which molten salt is sprayed onto the circumference of a rotating drum, which contains the fluid heat sink in an internal annulus near the surface. A fixed scraper blade removes the solidified salt from the surface which has been nickel plated to decrease adhesion forces. In addition to improving performance by providing a nearly constant heat transfer rate during discharge, these active heat exchanger concepts were estimated to cost at least 25% less than the passive tube-shell design. (ERA citation 05:020563) (NTRL site).
Author: J. Alario
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Ibrahim Dincer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471495734
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 602
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Book Description
During the last two decades many research and development activities related to energy have concentrated on efficient energy use and energy savings and conservation. In this regard, Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems can play an important role, as they provide great potential for facilitating energy savings and reducing environmental impact. Thermal storage has received increasing interest in recent years in terms of its applications, and the enormous potential it offers both for more effective use of thermal equipment and for economic, large-scale energy substitutions. Indeed, TES appears to provide one of the most advantageous solutions for correcting the mismatch that often occurs between the supply and demand of energy. Despite this increase in attention, no book is currently available which comprehensively covers TES. Presenting contributions from prominent researchers and scientists, this book is primarily concerned with TES systems and their applications. It begins with a brief summary of general aspects of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer, and then goes on to discuss energy storage technologies, environmental aspects of TES, energy and exergy analyses, and practical applications. Furthermore, this book provides coverage of the theoretical, experimental and numerical techniques employed in the field of thermal storage. Numerous case studies and illustrative examples are included throughout. Some of the unique features of this book include: * State-of-the art descriptions of many facets of TES systems and applications * In-depth coverage of exergy analysis and thermodynamic optimization of TES systems * Extensive new material on TES technologies, including advances due to innovations in sensible- and latent-energy storage * Key chapters on environmental issues, sustainable development and energy savings * Extensive coverage of practical aspects of the design, evaluation, selection and implementation of TES systems * Wide coverage of TES-system modelling, ranging in level from elementary to advanced * Abundant design examples, case studies and references In short, this book forms a valuable reference resource for practicing engineers and researchers, and a research-oriented text book for advanced undergraduate and graduate students of various engineering disciplines. Instructors will find that its breadth and structure make it an ideal core text for TES and related courses.
Author: Mohammed Farid
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000406628
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
This book focuses on latent heat storage, which is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Unlike the sensible heat storage method, the latent heat storage method provides much higher storage density with a smaller difference between storing and releasing temperatures. Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Materials is structured into four chapters that cover many aspects of thermal energy storage and their practical applications. Chapter 1 reviews selection, performance, and applications of phase change materials. Chapter 2 investigates mathematical analyses of phase change processes. Chapters 3 and 4 present passive and active applications for energy saving, peak load shifting, and price-based control heating using phase change materials. These chapters explore the hot topic of energy saving in an overarching way, and so they are relevant to all courses. This book is an ideal research reference for students at the postgraduate level. It also serves as a useful reference for electrical, mechanical, and chemical engineers and students throughout their work. FEATURES Explains the technical principles of thermal energy storage, including materials and applications in different classifications Provides fundamental calculations of heat transfer with phase change Discusses the benefits and limitations of different types of phase change materials (PCM) in both micro- and macroencapsulations Reviews the mechanisms and applications of available thermal energy storage systems Introduces innovative solutions in hot and cold storage applications
Author: Amritanshu Shukla
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000586936
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
In light of increasing human-induced global climate change, there is a greater need for clean energy resources and zero carbon projects. This new volume offers up-to-date coverage of the fundamentals as well as recent advancements in energy efficient thermal energy storage materials, their characterization, and technological applications. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems offer very high-energy savings for many of our day-to-day applications and could be a strong component for enhancing the usage of renewable/clean energy-based devices. Because of its beneficial environmental impact, this technology has received wide attention in the recent past, and dedicated research efforts have led to the development of novel materials, as well to innovative applications in very many fields, ranging from buildings to textile, healthcare to agriculture, space to automobiles. This book offers a valuable and informed systematic treatment of latent heat-based thermal energy storage systems, covering current energy research and important developmental work.
Author: Moghtada Mobedi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000598934
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
Solid–Liquid Thermal Energy Storage: Modeling and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of solid–liquid phase change thermal storage. Chapters are written by specialists from both academia and industry. Using recent studies on the improvement, modeling, and new applications of these systems, the book discusses innovative solutions for any potential drawbacks. This book: Discusses experimental studies in the field of solid–liquid phase change thermal storage Reviews recent research on phase change materials Covers various innovative applications of phase change materials (PCM) on the use of sustainable and renewable energy sources Presents recent developments on the theoretical modeling of these systems Explains advanced methods for enhancement of heat transfer in PCM This book is a reference for engineers and industry professionals involved in the use of renewable energy systems, energy storage, heating systems for buildings, sustainability design, etc. It can also benefit graduate students taking courses in heat transfer, energy engineering, advanced materials, and heating systems.
