Author: Obadiah Julian Bartholomy
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9781109082661
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
This thesis seeks to evaluate one potential approach to facilitating increased renewable penetration and alternative fuel production, the use of wind power in the production of hydrogen for transportation. To fully assess this approach, technical, economic, and environmental impacts are evaluated using a Renewable Hydrogen Technical, Economic, and Environmental Model (RHPTEEM). The RHPTEEM model is used to evaluate scenarios for two California regions, looking out to the year 2030. The technical considerations of evaluating the use of wind electricity to generate hydrogen involve evaluation of wind resource profiles and electricity grid demands, the evaluation of electrolyzers and balance of plant required for hydrogen compression and storage, and the evaluation of the use of hydrogen pipelines and the electricity grid to turn remote wind electricity into hydrogen dispensed in central metropolitan demand centers. Findings from the technical assessment indicate that there exists a significant amount of wind resource potential that if developed, is likely to create large surpluses of wind electricity during times of the day where it is less desirable for use directly in the electricity grid. In particular, both the Solano and Tehachapi resource areas experience their highest capacity factors in the summer months between 11 PM and 5 AM, which correspond with the lowest demand hours on the electricity grid for both regions. The state of electrolysis units today would allow conversion of that electricity at approximately 70% efficiency to hydrogen, though future improvements could bring this efficiency upwards towards 80 to 85%. The electricity grid provides the preferred transportation option for the wind electricity until such time as hydrogen demand reaches nearly 1,000,000 vehicles in a particular region, at which time, construction of a pipeline to provide the hydrogen from electrolyzers sited at the wind farm would make sense. The economics of producing hydrogen from wind electricity depend heavily on the capacity factor of the electrolyzer and the price of the electricity that is used in the electrolyzer. In the near term, for electrolyzer capacity factors above 60%, electricity price is the primary driver. As electrolyzer prices decline, lower capacity factors can be achieved, and once capital costs drop below $300-$500 per kW, operation using wind as the sole driver for production makes sense. The economic production of electrolytic hydrogen depends heavily on getting access to wholesale electricity prices by utility ownership or control of electrolyzer operation. Operation at retail electricity prices in California would result in electrolytic hydrogen costs exceeding $7 or $8 per kg. By accessing wholesale electricity costs, hydrogen could be produced at costs closer to $4 per kg. In looking specifically at Southern and Northern California scenarios for utilization of hydrogen, it appears that a significant number of vehicles could be fueled by surplus wind electricity based hydrogen in both regions by 2030. In Southern California, the surplus wind electricity from an installed capacity of 8,000 MW of Southern California wind turbines could result in enough hydrogen for 350,000 vehicles in 2030, and if the electolyzer capacity was operated at maximum capacity factors using grid electricity to supplement, would be enough hydrogen for 760,000 vehicles. For the Sacramento region, the surplus electricity produced during off-peak hours could provide fuel for between 15,000 to 34,000 vehicles depending on whether the electrolyzers used wind electricity only, or whether they used a mixture of wind and grid electricity. Hydrogen production would be expected to remain distributed until vehicle fleets approaching 1,000,000 vehicles were achieved, sometime between 2030 and 2040 in Southern California, and somewhat later than that in Sacramento. The expected costs of hydrogen would be driven almost entirely by electricity prices, as the electrolyzer prices fall from nearly $2 per kg in 2008 to around $0.80 per kg in 2030. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Author:
Publisher: saif
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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Book Description
In this paper, we will conduct an analytical study of the production of hydrogen by wind energy so that off-peak period of the day is used to produce hydrogen and then use hydrogen produced to produce electricity in peak period and apply it to one of the Moroccan cities called Dakhla. and compare this technology cost by the price of electricity from the main generating station in order to clarify the economic benefit from the production of electricity by wind and hydrogen where this study aims to give a plan for the production of electricity by renewable sources, which can be applied to any city Other cities of the world, especially islands isolated from the electricity grid through which can ensure the production of electricity continuously and clean environment and non-polluting
Author: Ali M. Eltamaly
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030643360
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
This edited book analyses and discusses the current issues of integration of wind energy systems in the power systems. It collects recent studies in the area, focusing on numerous issues including unbalanced grid voltages, low-voltage ride-through and voltage stability of the grid. It also explores the impact of the emerging technologies of wind turbines and power converters in the integration of wind power systems in power systems. This book utilizes the editors’ expertise in the energy sector to provide a comprehensive text that will be of interest to researchers, graduate students and industry professionals.
Author: Olga Antonia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electrolysis
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
This analysis presents a case study in California for a large scale, standalone wind electrolysis site. This is a techno-economic analysis of the 40,000 kg/day renewable production of hydrogen and subsequent delivery by truck to a fueling station in the Los Angeles area. This quantity of hydrogen represents about 1% vehicle market penetration for a city such as Los Angeles (assuming 0.62 kg/day/vehicle and 0.69 vehicles/person) [8]. A wind site near the Mojave Desert was selected for proximity to the LA area where hydrogen refueling stations are already built.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Toxic Substances, Research, and Development
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Author: Shahid Hussain Siyal
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789178730490
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: Matthew Jones
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321017847
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
With the number of light-duty vehicles in the world potentially tripling from today's number by 2050, there are three main options for greenhouse gas reductions: 1) reduce the amount of vehicle miles traveled, 2) improve fuel economy, 3) switch to low-carbon fuels. Utilizing Hydrogen as a low-carbon fuel is particularly salient since it reduces the carbon footprint from fuel consumption while increasing fuel economy. Hydrogen has been widely studied for its low-carbon fueling properties, but in order to realize its full GHG reduction benefits, hydrogen must be made from low carbon primary sources such as wind and solar power. This thesis is an assessment of current and future prospects for wind hydrogen production in California to supply fuel to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. I have developed an engineering/economic model that uses wind production and hydrogen demand as inputs to design on-site electrolysis hydrogen stations and calculate hydrogen cost for various hydrogen production scenarios. My analysis showed that the best case scenario for levelized hydrogen cost using wind production is $6.41 per kg in the year 2050, which equates to $3.25/gallon when compared to gasoline on a per mile basis.
Author: Brian Jenkins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Renewable energy sources
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: Victoria Griffiths
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781678017903
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
Onshore wind power is considered one of the most important future energy sources, but its intermittent and variable nature present a number of challenges to increasing the supply and penetration of wind energy in our energy systems, including the loss of renewable energy through cur-tailment. Hydrogen, which has for many years been considered an inter-esting option is now seriously considered as a possible solution to some of these challenges presented by renewable energy intermittency, varia-bility as well as the decarbonization challenge of other sectors. Use of hydrogen in this way has recently seen a convergence of political and industry support. This study will aim to examine the feasibility of pro-ducing hydrogen from curtailed onshore wind energy using a wind farm in North Wales as a case study. The research begins with a literature re-view and an analysis of the technical, economic, and environmental fea-sibility of hydrogen production from onshore wind before presenting an original economic model, offering results on the specific economic fea-sibility of producing hydrogen from the curtailed generation of a wind farm in North Wales. The results suggest that supplying hydrogen into the transport sector is the most economically feasible solution. The re-sults also consider the economic feasibility of wholesale and gas grid supply. The results are analyzed within the geographical context of the case study site and the opportunities for supply and demand of hydro-gen which currently exist or planned future development. This research provides in depth analysis and tools to enable a better understanding of the relationship between onshore wind and hydrogen production in Wales, UK.
Author: William J. Nuttall
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030309088
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
As the case for Climate Change mitigation becomes ever more pressing, hydrogen has the potential to play a major role in a low-carbon energy future. Hydrogen can drive the vehicles of tomorrow and also heat homes and supply energy to businesses. Much recent discussion in energy policy circles has considered ways in which greatly expanded electrification can meet the demand for low-carbon mobility and heating. Such narratives centre on the widespread use of renewable energy sources with occasionally surplus renewable electricity being used to produce hydrogen, for example by electrolysis. While such developments have a beneficial role to play, this book focuses on an alternative paradigm. This book considers a more evolutionary path involving the continued extraction and use of fossil fuels, most notably natural gas, but in ways that greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this way much established industrial capacity and know how might be transitioned to help deliver the low carbon future that the world so desperately requires. Presenting up-to-date energy policy recommendations with a focus on hydrogen from fossil fuels, the book will be of considerable interest to policymakers and energy researchers in academia, industry and government labs, while also offering a valuable reference guide for business developers in low-carbon energy, and for oil and gas industry analysts.
