Author: Mehdi Ali
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Glass
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Author: Erandi Svetlana Gunapala
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Glass
Languages : en
Pages : 208

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Author: Rose C. L. Mooney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystal lattices
Languages : en
Pages : 6

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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When appropriately activated, alkali rare-earth double phosphates of the form: M3RE(PO4)2 (where M denotes an alkali metal and RE represents either a rare-earth element or Y or Sc) are of interest for use as inorganic scintillators for radiation detection at relatively long optical emission wavelengths. These compounds exhibit layered crystal structures whose symmetry properties depend on the relative sizes of the rare-earth and alkali-metal cations. Single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffraction methods were used here to refine the structures of the series of rare-earth double phosphate compounds: K3RE(PO4)2 with RE = Lu, Er, Ho, Dy, Gd, Nd, Ce, plus Y and Sc - as well as the compounds: A3Lu(PO4)2, with A = Rb, and Cs. The double phosphate K3Lu(PO4)2 was reported and structurally refined previously. This material had a hexagonal unit cell at room temperature with the Lu ion six-fold coordinated with oxygen atoms of the surrounding phosphate groups. Additionally two lower-temperature phases were observed for K3Lu(PO4)2. The first phase transition to a monoclinic P21/m phase occurred at ~230 K, and the Lu ion retained its six-fold coordination. The second K3Lu(PO4)2 phase transition occurred at ~130 K. The P21/m space group symmetry was retained, however, one of the phosphate groups rotated to increase the oxygen coordination number of Lu from six to seven. This structure then became isostructural with the room-temperature form of the compound K3Yb(PO4)2 reported here that also exhibits an additional high-temperature phase which occurs at T = 120 °C with a transformation to hexagonal P-3 space group symmetry and a Yb-ion coordination number reduction from seven to six. This latter result was confirmed using EXAFS. The single-crystal growth methods structural systematics, and thermal expansion properties of the present series of alkali rare-earth double phosphates, as determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction methods, are treated here.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 978

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Author: W. H. Zachariasen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fluorides
Languages : en
Pages : 20

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Author: Surya N. Thakur
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323972012
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 692

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Book Description
Photoacoustic and Photothermal Spectroscopy: Principles and Applications introduces the basic principles, instrumentation and major developments in the many applications of Photoacoustic and Photothermal Spectroscopy over the last three decades. The book explains the processes of sound generation by periodic optical excitation and ultrasonic generation by pulsed laser excitation and describes the workings of photoacoustic cells equipped with microphones and piezoelectric transducers. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is one of the fastest-growing imaging modalities of recent times. It combines the advantages of ultrasound and optical imaging techniques. These non-invasive and non-destructive techniques offer many benefits to users by enabling spectroscopy of opaque and inhomogeneous materials, (solid, liquid, powder, gel, gases) without any sample preparation, and more. Written in a non-mathematical, simple-to-read manner Presents recent developments in the field, along with the scope of future progress, including up-to-date references Includes detailed illustrations, such as equipment layout, spectra, experimental setups, tables, photographs, and more

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 892

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Author: Rebecca J. Pardee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 360

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ceramics
Languages : en
Pages : 950

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