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Author: Lauren Elaine Greene
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124508689
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Much of our far-field knowledge of glacial and climate dynamics during the late Paleozoic ice age is built on decades of study of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic cyclothemic successions from paleotropical Euramerica. Far less has been inferred from carbonate-dominated successions despite their high sensitivity to changes in accommodation space and environmental conditions. Here we present a relative sea-level history for a 20 m.y. period of the Pennsylvanian defined using an across-platform sequence stratigraphic analysis of the carbonate-dominated Bird Spring Fm., southern Great Basin. Correlation of five mountain-front successions (~500 to 750 m thick) document changes in the lithofacies composition of m-scale cycles, their cycle stacking patterns, and cycle bounding surfaces that record substantial variation in relative sea-level and climate during the Pennsylvanian. Ten genetic sequences are recognized and bounded by intervals dominated by restricted peritidal lithofacies, karst, terra rossa, rooted caliche and/or Protosols. Within sequences, 128 shallowing-upwards parasequences, bounded by flooding surfaces, stack into parasequence sets that in turn define lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The stratigraphic and across-platform patterns of systems tracts and cycle stacking patterns define a latest Mississippian through latest Pennsylvanian relative sea-level history (~323 to 299 Ma) characterized by a lowstand across the mid-Carboniferous boundary followed by a gradual rise in relative sea-level throughout the Morrowan. The Atokan is characterized by stepped progradation of the platform during a gradual long-term fall in relative sea-level that culminated in the deposition of shallow water facies and exposure across the platform during the early Desmoinesian. Aggradation of shallow-water and peritidal carbonates across the Bird Spring platform during the Missourian through early Bursumian record a second protracted episode of relative sea-level rise in the late Pennsylvanian. Inferred magnitudes of short-term (105 to 104 yr) sea-level fluctuations superimposed on the longer-term rises and falls range from 20 to>̲ 70 m during the early-mid Pennsylvanian and are substantially reduced (
Author: Lauren Elaine Greene
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124508689
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Much of our far-field knowledge of glacial and climate dynamics during the late Paleozoic ice age is built on decades of study of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic cyclothemic successions from paleotropical Euramerica. Far less has been inferred from carbonate-dominated successions despite their high sensitivity to changes in accommodation space and environmental conditions. Here we present a relative sea-level history for a 20 m.y. period of the Pennsylvanian defined using an across-platform sequence stratigraphic analysis of the carbonate-dominated Bird Spring Fm., southern Great Basin. Correlation of five mountain-front successions (~500 to 750 m thick) document changes in the lithofacies composition of m-scale cycles, their cycle stacking patterns, and cycle bounding surfaces that record substantial variation in relative sea-level and climate during the Pennsylvanian. Ten genetic sequences are recognized and bounded by intervals dominated by restricted peritidal lithofacies, karst, terra rossa, rooted caliche and/or Protosols. Within sequences, 128 shallowing-upwards parasequences, bounded by flooding surfaces, stack into parasequence sets that in turn define lowstand, transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The stratigraphic and across-platform patterns of systems tracts and cycle stacking patterns define a latest Mississippian through latest Pennsylvanian relative sea-level history (~323 to 299 Ma) characterized by a lowstand across the mid-Carboniferous boundary followed by a gradual rise in relative sea-level throughout the Morrowan. The Atokan is characterized by stepped progradation of the platform during a gradual long-term fall in relative sea-level that culminated in the deposition of shallow water facies and exposure across the platform during the early Desmoinesian. Aggradation of shallow-water and peritidal carbonates across the Bird Spring platform during the Missourian through early Bursumian record a second protracted episode of relative sea-level rise in the late Pennsylvanian. Inferred magnitudes of short-term (105 to 104 yr) sea-level fluctuations superimposed on the longer-term rises and falls range from 20 to>̲ 70 m during the early-mid Pennsylvanian and are substantially reduced (
Author: S.G. Lucas
Publisher: Geological Society of London
ISBN: 1786205424
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1012
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Book Description
The print edition is published as 2 hardback volumes, parts A and B, and sold as a set. The Carboniferous was the time of the assembly of Pangaea by the collision of the Gondwanan and Larussian supercontinents, and the principal interval of the late Paleozoic ice ages. These tectonic and climatic events caused dramatic sea-level fluctuations and climate changes and produced a Carboniferous world that was diverse topographically and climatologically, perhaps only rivalled in that diversity by the late Cenozoic world. Furthermore, the Carboniferous was a time of the accumulation of vast coal deposits of great economic and societal significance. The temporal ordering of geological and biotic events during Carboniferous time thus is critical to the interpretation of some unique and pivotal events in Earth history. This temporal ordering is based on the Carboniferous timescale, which has been developed and refined for nearly two centuries. This book reviews the history of the development of the Carboniferous chronostratigraphic scale and includes comprehensive analyses of Carboniferous radioisotopic ages, magnetostratigraphy, isotope-based correlations, cyclostratigraphy and timescale-relevant marine and non-marine biostratigraphy and biochronology.
Author: Christopher R. Fielding
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
"This volume summarizes new developments in understanding the longest-lived icehouse period in Phanerozoic Earth history, the late Paleozoic ice age. Resolving the Late Paleozoic Ice Age in Time and Space provides summaries of existing and new data from the various Gondwanan continental relics, and also reviews stratigraphic successions from the paleotropical and temperate regions of Laurussia that preserve an indirect record of glaciation. It addresses the extent to which records of glaciation indicate protracted, long-term climatic austerity, as opposed to fluctuating, more dynamic climate, and provides new constraints on the timing of glaciation. Additionally, it tackles questions of synchroneity of glaciation across the various Gondwanan continental relics, and timing relationships between near-field and far-field records at greater levels of resolution than has been possible previously. Results point toward a dynamic icehouse regime that is comparable to the Cenozoic icehouse, and away from traditional interpretations of the late Paleozoic ice age as a single, protracted event that involved stable, long-lived ice centers."--Publisher's website.
Author: Calvin H. Stevens
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813724295
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
"The Bird Spring Shelf in southeastern California, along with coeval turbidite basins to the west, records a complex history of Pennsylvanian and Early Permian sedimentation, sea-level changes, and deformation along this part of the western North American continental margin. In this work we describe and figure the fusulinids, including several new species, and establish detailed correlations between deposits of the shelf and the flanking basins. We then use these correlations to reconstruct the depositional history, paleogeography, and deformational history of the region. This work adds significant detail to existing interpretations of the late Paleozoic as a time of major tectonic instability on the continental margin of southeastern California as it changed from a relatively passive margin, which had persisted through most of the Paleozoic, to an active convergent margin that would characterize the Mesozoic."--Publisher's website.
Author: Garrett Shepherd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) provides an opportunity to better understand how climate variations influence large-scale changes to the Earth's physical and chemical systems. Trends of LPIA climate have been compiled for decades using oxygen isotope ([delta]18O) thermometry and calcitic brachiopods from the US Midcontinent. These trends, however, may have been subject to more than 300 million years of post-depositional alteration and geochemical overprint. To evaluate the fidelity of these records and establish better constraints for LPIA temperature, this study utilizes petrographic microscopy and dual proxy paleothermometers--[delta]18O and carbonate clumped isotopes ([delta]47). Brachiopods and bulk-rock carbonates from three stratigraphic successions in the US Midcontinent of eastern Kansas--spanning uppermost Pennsylvanian to Lower Permian strata--reported [delta]18O temperatures ranging from 10--29 °C. Clumped isotope measurements from the same interval produced values of 35--79 °C, indicating that all sites in Kansas were influenced by some degree of diagenetic alteration. This alteration resulted in compromised [delta]47 values and distinct [delta]18O and [delta]47 populations between northeastern and southeastern Kansas. These isotopic differences, paired with petrographic evidence, are interpreted to reflect regionally divergent alteration styles. Isotopic evidence and good textural preservation from northeastern Kansas indicate its deposits were primarily impacted by burial diagenesis with little water-rock interaction. Southeastern samples, however, display poor preservation and isotopic signatures suggestive of alteration through both burial and hydrothermal activity, likely related to Ouachitan tectonism. Because fluid interaction overprints original geochemical signatures, carbonate deposits from southern Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas should be used with caution for LPIA climate interpretation due to their proximity to Late Paleozoic tectonism. Previous LPIA trends from the Midcontinent also exhibit isotopic heterogeneity between northern and southern locations and generally agree with the results of this study. This evidence suggests diagenesis has played a significant role in the geochemistry of Midcontinent carbonates. It also indicates that perhaps samples from northern regions of the US Midcontinent represent the most accurate records of LPIA climate.
Author: Christena Marie Cox
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 748
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Book Description
Author: Allen Hunt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119563968
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Explores soil as a nexus for water, chemicals, and biologically coupled nutrient cycling Soil is a narrow but critically important zone on Earth's surface. It is the interface for water and carbon recycling from above and part of the cycling of sediment and rock from below. Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation places chemical weathering and soil formation in its geological, climatological, biological and hydrological perspective. Volume highlights include: The evolution of soils over 3.25 billion years Basic processes contributing to soil formation How chemical weathering and soil formation relate to water and energy fluxes The role of pedogenesis in geomorphology Relationships between climate soils and biota Soils, aeolian deposits, and crusts as geologic dating tools Impacts of land-use change on soils The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the Editors
Author: Arthur James Boucot
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781565762817
Category : Paleoclimatology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This publication combines the interpretations of two major sets of data. One if the geophysical data that is used to interpret the position of the tectonic plates through geologic time. The other is based on a long time search of the geological literature to find, record, and evaluate the lithologic descriptions of countless reports around the globe; paying careful attention to those lithologies that have climatic implications. The introduction to this volume includes a detailed discussion of the lithologies, mineralogies and biogeographies that are considered to be the most reliable in identifying the climatic conditions existing during their formation and how they are used or not used in this compilation. Global paleoclimatic zones based on the climatically interpreted data points are identified during the twenty-eight time periods from Cambrian to Miocene using paleotectonic reconstructed maps. The paleoclimate of each time period is summarized and includes a discussion of the specific referenced data points that have been interpreted to be the most reliable available for that time period and location.
Author: John Malcolm Anderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gymnosperms
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
This book offers a global synthesis of gymnosperm families, fossil and extant, providing a new and distinctive perspective on the macroevolutionary biodiversity trends within this group through their 375 million-year history. The stratigraphic ranges of the 84 gymnosperm families are plotted according to their first and last appearances in the fossil record. Also included is a systematic coverage of floral kingdoms, biodiversity patterns, insect associations and other fields, traced period by period from the Devonian to Quaternary.
Author: Marie Carmichael Stopes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paleobotany
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Book Description
