Author: Paul Dennis Mattson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Learning
Languages : en
Pages : 550

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Book Description

Author: Silvia Lanfranchi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889198979
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 158

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Book Description
The last forty years of research have demonstrated that working memory (WM) is a key concept for understanding higher-order cognition. To give an example, WM is involved in reading comprehension, problem solving and reasoning, but also in a number of everyday life activities. It has a clear role in the case of atypical development too. For instance, numerous studies have shown an impairment in WM in individuals with learning disabilities (LD) or intellectual disabilities (ID); and several researchers have hypothesized that this can be linked to their difficulties in learning, cognition and everyday life. The latest challenge in the field concerns the trainability of WM. If it is a construct central to our understanding of cognition in typical and atypical development, then specific intervention to sustain WM performance might also promote changes in cognitive processes associated with WM. The idea that WM can be modified is debated, however, partly because of the theoretical implications of this view, and partly due to the generally contradictory results obtained so far. In fact, most studies converge in demonstrating specific effects of WM training, i.e. improvements in the trained tasks, but few transfer effects to allied cognitive processes are generally reported. It is worth noting that any maintenance effects (when investigated) are even more meagre. In addition, a number of methodological concerns have been raised in relation to the use of: 1. single tasks to assess the effects of a training program; 2. WM tasks differing from those used in the training to assess the effects of WM training; and 3. passive control groups. These and other crucial issues have so far prevented any conclusions from being drawn on the efficacy of WM training. Bearing in mind that the opportunity to train WM could have a huge impact in the educational and clinical settings, it seems fundamentally important to shed more light on the limits and potential of this line of research. The aim of the research discussed here is to generate new evidence on the feasibility of training WM in individuals with LD and ID. There are several questions that could be raised in this field. For a start, can WM be trained in this population? Are there some aspects of WM that can be trained more easily than others? Can a WM training reduce the impact of LD and ID on learning outcomes, and on everyday living? What kind of training program is best suited to the promotion of such changes?

Author: Penelope H. Brooks
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780898593747
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 578

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Book Description
First published in 1984. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Author: Kenneth A. Kavale
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135586470
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 70

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Book Description
First published in 2001. The purpose of this issue is to demonstrate the advantages of meta-analysis in summarizing research in special education. Toward this end, five articles are included in this issue that deal with methodology, interpretation, and application of meta-analyses. The first article is a brief primer on meta-analysis that compares and contrasts it with more traditional review methods and describes the methodological procedures for conducting a quantitative research synthesis. The second article, summarizes findings from 24 meta-analytic efforts. The third article explores the important issue of face validity: Can we be confident about the findings from meta-analyses? The fourth article examines the controversy surrounding the meta-analysis of single-participant research: What is the best metric? The final paper reviews the process of decision making in special education by showing how meta-analytic findings can provide a comprehensive knowledge base that, combined with wisdom and experience, can be used to decide whether to include particular interventions.

Author: Cecil R. Reynolds
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470174196
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 2233

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Book Description
The Third Edition of the highly acclaimed Encyclopedia of Special Education has been thoroughly updated to include the latest information about new legislation and guidelines. In addition, this comprehensive resource features school psychology, neuropsychology, reviews of new tests and curricula that have been developed since publication of the second edition in 1999, and new biographies of important figures in special education. Unique in focus, the Encyclopedia of Special Education, Third Edition addresses issues of importance ranging from theory to practice and is a critical reference for researchers as well as those working in the special education field.

Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080857914
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 349

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Book Description
INT'L REV OF RESR IN MNTL RETARDTN V13

Author: Lucas C. Eklund
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781608763979
Category : Intellectual disability
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This book reviews behavioural and neuroimaging evidence that has revealed effects of emotion on memory and attention in individuals with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The authors also review the historical development of memory reconsolidation, discuss some of the important behavioural characteristics and potential mechanisms of memory reconsolidation, and consider the possible implications of this research for treatment of psychiatric conditions such as PTSD, phobias and drug addiction. Moreover, assessment of cognitive, motor, sensory and communicative functions in children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is still in its infancy. The characteristics of children PIMD are described in this book. The importance of alertness in assessment, both as a mean and as an objective, is then explained. The implications of such a complex pattern of disabilities for assessment of alertness is considered as well. In this book, the authors also examine the effects of age and knowledge of memory ageing on subjective appraisals of memory in forgetful others using a person perception paradigm. The social/communication features that differentiate intellectual disabilities of three different aetiologies: Low Functioning Autism, Down Syndrome and Idiopathic Intellectual Disability are explored as well. Other chapters review evidence about laboratory-based and environment-based research on spatial memory, the influence of music on various forms of memory, and evidence from literature that working memory is a major component of successful performance on an IQ test. Impairment is discussed in working memory in ID, which could also affect problem solving abilities on a non-verbally based measure, such as the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM).

Author: Melissa A. Bray
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199348405
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 915

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Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of School Psychology focuses on significant issues, new developments, and scientific findings that influence current research and practice in the ever-growing field of school psychology.

Author: Tracy Packiam Alloway
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315302063
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 227

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Book Description
This comprehensive volume brings together international experts involved in applying and developing understanding of Working Memory in the context of a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and depressive disorders. Each chapter provides a description of the disorder and investigates the Working Memory and related Executive Function deficits. It goes on to provide a neurological profile, before exploring the impact of the disorder in daily functions, the current debates related to this disorder, and the potential effects of medication and intervention. Through combining coverage of theoretical understanding, methods of assessment, and different evidence-based intervention programs, the book supports clinical assessment and management of poor Working Memory. It is essential reading for students in neurodevelopmental disorders, atypical development and developmental psychopathology as well as allied health professionals, clinicians and those working with children in education and healthcare settings.

Author: Cecil R. Reynolds
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119520002
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 1240

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Book Description
The only comprehensive reference devoted to special education The highly acclaimed Encyclopedia of Special Education addresses issues of importance ranging from theory to practice and is a critical reference for researchers as well as those working in the special education field. This completely updated and comprehensive A-Z reference includes about 200 new entries, with increased attention given to those topics that have grown in importance since the publication of the third edition, such as technology, service delivery policies, international issues, neuropsychology, and RTI. The latest editions of assessment instruments frequently administered in special education settings are discussed. Only encyclopedia or comprehensive reference devoted to special education Edited and written by leading researchers and scholars in the field New edition includes over 200 more entries than previous edition, with increased attention given to those topics that have grown in importance since the publication of the third edition—such as technology, service delivery policies, international issues, neuropsychology, and Response to Intervention, Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS), Autism and Applied Behavior Analysis Entries will be updated to cover the latest editions of the assessment instruments frequently administered in special education settings Includes an international list of authors and descriptions of special education in 35 countries Includes technology and legal updates to reflect a rapidly changing environment Comprehensive and thoroughly up to date, this is the essential, A-Z compilation of authoritative information on the education of those with special needs.