Yield Physiology of Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Author:
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Languages : en
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Author: Robert Luther McGraw
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Scientific breeding of peanuts was initiated in 1928 at the University of Florida. Since that time the potential yield has more than doubled due to the release of four improved cultivars. These cultivars were Dixie Runner released in 1943, Early Runner released in 1952, Florunner released in 1969, and Early Bunch released in 1977. No previous attempt had been made to discover the physiological differences among the four cultivars that accounted for the large increase in potential yield. A growth analysis was conducted during the 1976 growing season at the University of Florida using the four Florida cultivars, a Spanish type peanut, and one soybean cultivar (Glycine max L. Merr.) There were two major physiological differences among the four Florida cultivars which were responsible for the majority of the potential yield increase. The new higher yielding cultivars reached a stable pod number earlier. Dixie Runner reached a stable pod number about day 105, Early Runner about day 96, Florunner about day 84, and Early Bunch about day 75. By early initiation of a full pod load the newer cultivars had a longer period in which to fill the last pods established. The major difference among the cultivars which resulted in the increased yield potential was a higher partitioning of assimilates to the reproductive portion of the plant in the higher yielding cultivars. Dixie Runner partitioned about 31% of its photosynthate to the pods, Early Runner 61%, Florunner 74%, and Early Bunch 85%. As the amount of photosynthate partitioned to the reproductive portion of the plant increased, the plants demonstrated an increased deterioration of the vegetative portion late in the filling period. The highest yielding peanuts more closely resembled the n self destructive" characteristics of the determinate soybean. In 1977 22 of the highest yielding genotypes from 11 different countries were analyzed to determine if they had similar characteristics to the high yielding Florida cultivars. The environment markedly affected the development of some of the genotypes which were bred for different climates. The harvest date and partitioning factor were found to be positively and significantly correlated to yield. The study indicated that in some of the cultivars yield may be increased by increasing the filling period and/or partitioning factor. In 1978 a high yielding Florida cultivar, Florunner, and a lower yielding Florida cultivar, Dixie Runner, were analyzed to determine if the canopy deterioration demonstrated by the high yielding cultivars late in the season was the result of increased remobilization of nutrients and assimilates from the canopy to the pods. Florunner was found to increase the remobilization of nitrogen and starch during the filling period. The increased remobilization of materials from the vegetative portion may be responsible for the increased canopy deterioration. No effect of the filling period on the remobilization of nitrogen and starch was found in Dixie Runner. A shading study conducted on Florunner provided evidence that the pods may have priority over the vegetative portion for assimilates and nutrients. Shading increased the remobilization of materials from the leaves and hastened the deterioration of the canopy.
Author: Shane Turin Ball
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Author: Oumar N'Diaye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Author: R. K. Maiti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Fifteen specialists from Mexico, the U.S., and Australia contribute 14 chapters on the basic aspects and recent advances in the science of peanut production. Coverage includes the origin and evolution of peanuts, morphology, anatomy, breeding and genetics, growth physiology, production techniques, a
Author: Zafar Abbas
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 135168129X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Peanut Agriculture and Production Technology: Integrated Nutrient Management focuses on agricultural techniques and integrated nutrient management of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Peanuts are the second most important oil crop of India, occupying 5.7 million hectares, with an average production of 0.8 ton/ha, which is 23.5% of the India’s total oil seed production. Worldwide annual production of shelled peanuts was 42 million metric tons in 2014. It is the world’s 4th most important source of edible oil and the 3rd most important source of vegetable protein. The volume includes basic and advanced information on production, agrotechniques, and integrated nutrient management of Arachis hypogaea L. crop plant. It studies the physiology of the peanut, looking at the proper environmental conditions for optimal growth as well as under various subnormal conditions. It explores the methods of nitrogen application as well as the influence of different sowing dates and population densities to harvest its full yield potential. The book covers methods to achieve balanced nutrition, including using organic manures in groundnut farming to enhance yielding ability. The book will be a rich resource for those in agriculture, horticulture, and allied sciences, particularly for agricultural scientists in plant and crop physiology, agronomy, and soil science. Farm owners and managers of peanut crops and production will also benefit from the information provided in this volume.
Author: P Basuchaudhuri
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000783731
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 579
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Book Description
Peanut is an important crop in the semi-arid regions of the world. Both, irrigation and well water can provide the water necessary for it. It is a nutritious seed nut crop and has manyfold uses. As such, research on this crop is imperative. This book reviews physiological aspects, keeping in mind the changing agroclimatic conditions. Growth, development and yield are described on the basis of cellular and morphological manifestations. Being a C3 plant, the photosynthesis and respiration in peanuts is critically viewed specially under varying environment conditions and genotypes. The study of nitrogen assimilation and biological nitrogen fixation have been presented in light of the prevalent environmental and gene effects. The role of plant growth regulators in peanuts is elaborated on, stating up-to-date mode of actions. Special emphasis has been given to mechanisms of abiotic stress effects. The chapters (13) are arranged on the basis of physiology, cellular structure, biochemistry, molecular and genomics concepts.
Author: Elmada Odeny Auma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Peanuts
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Author: Alexander V. Ruban
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118447603
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Book Description
The proteins that gather light for plant photosynthesis are embedded within cell membranes in a site called the thylakoid membrane (or the "photosynthetic membrane"). These proteins form the light harvesting antenna that feeds with energy a number of vital photosynthetic processes such as water oxidation and oxygen evolution, the pumping of protons across the thylakoid membranes coupled with the electron transport chain of the photosystems and cytochrome b6f complex, and ATP synthesis by ATP synthase utilizing the generated proton gradient. The Photosynthetic Membrane: Molecular Mechanisms and Biophysics of Light Harvesting is an introduction to the fundamental design and function of the light harvesting photosynthetic membrane, one of the most common and most important structures of life. It describes the underlying structure of the membrane, the variety and roles of the membrane proteins, the atomic structures of light harvesting complexes and their macromolecular assemblies, the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of light harvesting and primary energy transformations, and the broad range of adaptations to different light environments. The book shows, using the example of the photosynthetic membrane, how complex biological structures utilize principles of chemistry and physics in order to carry out biological functions. The Photosynthetic Membrane: Molecular Mechanisms of Light Harvesting will appeal to a wide audience of undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as researchers working in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, biophysics, plant science and bioengineering.
Author: James Seutra Kaba
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659224980
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Peanut or Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) is among the major leguminous crops grown in the world. Its maturity period varies in the maximum percentage of mature fruits at harvest (Young and Mason, 1972). However, the subterranean nature of fruiting and its indeterminate growth habit makes it difficult to determine when to harvest to ensure optimum yield (Jordan et al., 2005; Jordan, 2006a). Thus, most farmers link change in morphological features of the plant: yellowing of foliage, dropping of older leaves, hard pods, visible net venation, seed color etc. to determine maturity of pods. However, both biotic and abiotic factors could result in change in morphological features of a plant without necessarily being an indication of maturity. This book contains an in-depth field and pot experiments conducted over two growing seasons on three classes of groundnut varieties (runner, semi-runner and bunch). The explicit literature review, research methodology, statistical result, discussions and recommendations in this book would be of great help to researchers, teachers, farmers, students and those with interest in Agriculture and farmer based organizations (FBO).
