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Author: Anna Maria Kolodziejek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague. Multiple virulence determinants contribute to its highly efficient transmission and pathogenicity. These include factors inherited from its enteric predecessors; Y. entrocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, as well as phenotypes that were acquired or lost during Y. pestis evolution. Representatives of a large Enterobacteriaceae Ail/Lom family of outer membrane proteins (Omp) are found in the genomes of all pathogenic Yersiniae . They promote adherence and internalization to epithelial cells, resistance to complement, and survival in macrophages. Even though well studied in enteric Yersiniae, their role in Y. pestis pathogenesis is unknown. To investigate the role of Y. pestis OmpX protein, an Ail homologue, in adherence and internalization to epithelial cells, resistance to complement, and virulence, we generated site-directed mutations in ompX and tested them for loss of any of these phenotypes. Our results demonstrated that OmpX was required for adherence and internalization to epithelial cells, and serum resistance. Infection studies revealed that loss of OmpX delayed the time-to-death in the mouse infection model of pneumonic plague. Because murine serum was not bactericidal for the ompX mutant, the mechanism underlying the delay in time-to-death in mice may be attributed to loss of adhesion/internalization properties, but not serum resistance. When OmpX virulence was assessed in the rat model complete attenuation of virulence was observed. This highlighted the critical role of serum resistance in primary pneumonic plague and showed its relevance for human disease. To resolve conflicting evidence for Y. pestis LPS and OmpX contributions to serum resistance, we expressed the protein in E. coli and its isogenic derivatives with progressively truncated LPS core saccharides. Our results showed that OmpX-mediated serum resistance, adhesiveness, and invasiveness were dependent on LPS core length, but recombinant OmpX displayed these functions in E. coli, independently of other Yersinia proteins and/or LPS. Also, our results showed that OmpX-mediated autoaggregation was required for efficient adhesiveness and internalization but not for serum resistance. Overall, our data present an important contribution to understanding mechanisms of Y. pestis pathogenesis and their significance to human species.
Author: Anna Maria Kolodziejek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 354
Get Book Here
Book Description
Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague. Multiple virulence determinants contribute to its highly efficient transmission and pathogenicity. These include factors inherited from its enteric predecessors; Y. entrocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis, as well as phenotypes that were acquired or lost during Y. pestis evolution. Representatives of a large Enterobacteriaceae Ail/Lom family of outer membrane proteins (Omp) are found in the genomes of all pathogenic Yersiniae . They promote adherence and internalization to epithelial cells, resistance to complement, and survival in macrophages. Even though well studied in enteric Yersiniae, their role in Y. pestis pathogenesis is unknown. To investigate the role of Y. pestis OmpX protein, an Ail homologue, in adherence and internalization to epithelial cells, resistance to complement, and virulence, we generated site-directed mutations in ompX and tested them for loss of any of these phenotypes. Our results demonstrated that OmpX was required for adherence and internalization to epithelial cells, and serum resistance. Infection studies revealed that loss of OmpX delayed the time-to-death in the mouse infection model of pneumonic plague. Because murine serum was not bactericidal for the ompX mutant, the mechanism underlying the delay in time-to-death in mice may be attributed to loss of adhesion/internalization properties, but not serum resistance. When OmpX virulence was assessed in the rat model complete attenuation of virulence was observed. This highlighted the critical role of serum resistance in primary pneumonic plague and showed its relevance for human disease. To resolve conflicting evidence for Y. pestis LPS and OmpX contributions to serum resistance, we expressed the protein in E. coli and its isogenic derivatives with progressively truncated LPS core saccharides. Our results showed that OmpX-mediated serum resistance, adhesiveness, and invasiveness were dependent on LPS core length, but recombinant OmpX displayed these functions in E. coli, independently of other Yersinia proteins and/or LPS. Also, our results showed that OmpX-mediated autoaggregation was required for efficient adhesiveness and internalization but not for serum resistance. Overall, our data present an important contribution to understanding mechanisms of Y. pestis pathogenesis and their significance to human species.
Author: Walid El-Sharoud
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540749217
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 377
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Book Description
The application of new molecular methodologies in the study of bacterial behavior and cell architecture has enabled new revolutionary insights and discoveries in these areas. This new text presents recent developments in bacterial physiology that are highly relevant to a wide range of readership including those interested in basic and applied knowledge. Its chapters are written by international scientific authorities at the forefront of the subject. The value of this recent knowledge in bacterial physiology is not only restricted to fundamental biology. It also extends to biotechnology and drug-discovery disciplines.
Author: Diana Bahia
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288945455X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
The ability of pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses to invade, persist and adapt in both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts is multifactorial and depends on both pathogen and host fitness. Communication between a pathogen and its host relies on a wide and dynamic array of molecular interactions. Through this constant communication most pathogens evolved to be relatively benign, whereas killing of its host by a pathogen represents a failure to adapt. Pathogens are lethal to their host when their interaction has not been long enough for adaptation. Evolution has selected conserved immune receptors that recognize signature patterns of pathogens as non-self elements and initiate host innate responses aimed at eradicating infection. Conversely, pathogens evolved mechanisms to evade immune recognition and subvert cytokine secretion in order to survive, replicate and cause disease. The cell signaling machinery is a critical component of the immune system that relays information from the receptors to the nucleus where transcription of key immune genes is activated. Host cells have developed signal transduction systems to maintain homeostasis with pathogens. Most cellular processes and cell signaling pathways are tightly regulated by protein phosphorylation in which protein kinases are key protagonists. Pathogens have developed multiple mechanisms to subvert important signal transduction pathways such as the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) pathways. Pathogens also secrete effectors that manipulate actin cytoskeleton and its regulators, hijack cell cycle machinery and alter vesicular trafficking. This research topic focuses on the cellular signaling mechanisms that are essential for host immunity and their subversion by pathogens.
Author: Busi Siddhardha
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811516952
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 685
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Book Description
This book provides essential insights into microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, and the anti-microbial drug resistance of various human pathogens on the basis of various model organisms. The initial sections of the book introduce readers to the mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, anti-microbial drug resistance, and the dynamics of biofilm formation. Due to the emergence of various microbial resistant strains, it is especially important to understand the prognosis for microbial infections, disease progression profiles, and mechanisms of resistance to antibiotic therapy in order to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In turn, the second part of the book presents a comparative analysis of various animal models to help readers understand microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, anti-microbial drug discovery, anti-biofilm therapeutics, and treatment regimes. Given its scope, the book represents a valuable asset for microbiologists, biotechnologists, medical professionals, drug development researchers, and pharmacologists alike.
Author: Rani Gupta
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811607230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 670
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Book Description
This book provides useful information on microbial physiology and metabolism. The key aspects covered are prokaryotic diversity, growth physiology, basic metabolic pathways and their regulation, metabolic diversity with details of various unique pathways. Another focus area is stress physiology with details on varying environmental stresses, signal transduction, adaptation and survival. For instructional purposes, the book provides case studies, interesting facts, techniques etc. which help in showcasing the inter-disciplinary nature and bridge the gap between various aspects of applied microbiology.
Author: Helmut König
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364205062X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 518
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Book Description
Microbial cell wall structures play a significant role in maintaining cells’ shape, as protecting layers against harmful agents, in cell adhesion and in positive and negative biological activities with host cells. All prokaryotes, whether they are bacteria or archaea, rely on their surface polymers for these multiple functions. Their surfaces serve as the indispensable primary interfaces between the cell and its surroundings, often mediating or catalyzing important interactions. Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds summarizes the current state of knowledge on the prokaryotic cell wall. Topics concerning bacterial and archaeal polymeric cell wall structures, biological activities, growth and inhibition, cell wall interactions and the applications of cell wall components, especially in the field of nanobiotechnology, are presented.
Author: Guenther Witzany
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030458857
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
This is the first book to systemize all levels of communicative behavior of phages. Phages represent the most diverse inhabitants on this planet. Until today they are completely underestimated in their number, skills and competences and still remain the dark matter of biology. Phages have serious effects on global energy and nutrient cycles. Phages actively compete for host. They can distinguish between ‘self’ and ‘non-self’ (complement same, preclude others). They process and evaluate available information and then modify their behaviour accordingly. These diverse competences show us that this capacity to evaluate information is possible owing to communication processes within phages (intra-organismic), between the same, related and different phage species (interorganismic), and between phages and non-phage organisms (transorganismic). This is crucial in coordinating infection strategies (lytic vs. lysogenic) and recombination in phage genomes. In 22 chapters, expert contributors review current research into the varying forms of phage biocommunication and Phagetherapy. Biocommunication of Phages aims to assess the current state of research, to orient further investigations on how phages communicate with each other to coordinate their behavioral patterns, and to inspire further investigation of the role of non-phage viruses (non-lytic, non-prokaryotic) in these highly dynamic interactional networks.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9241563796
Category : Baby foods
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
This report provides a review of documented Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) infections worldwide in infants and young children as well as the existing surveillance systems and their capacity to capture cases of E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) infection. It reports the discussions and outcome of the third FAO/WHO technical meeting (Washington, D.C., 15-18 July 2008) convened to inform the decision-making process on the development of a microbiological criterion in the Codex Alimentarius--Publisher's description.
Author: Martin Caffrey
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849389245
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
LIPIDAT is a convenient compilation of thermodynamic data and bibliographic information on lipids. Over 11,000 records in 15 information fields are provided. The book presents tabulations of all known mesomorphic and polymorphic phase transition types, temperatures, and enthalpies for synthetic and biologically derived lipids in dry, partially hydrated, and fully hydrated states. It also includes the effect of pH, protein, drugs, salt, and metal ion concentration on these thermodynamic values. Methods used in making the measurements and the experimental conditions are reported. Bibliographic information includes a complete literature reference and list of authors. The book will be an indispensable reference for biophysicists, chemical engineers, pharmaceutical and cosmetic researchers, dermatologists, nutritionists, biochemists, physiologists, food scientists, and fats and oils chemists.
Author: Martin Dworkin
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780387334882
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 959
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Book Description
With the launch of its first electronic edition, The Prokaryotes, the definitive reference on the biology of bacteria, enters an exciting new era of information delivery. Subscription-based access is available. The electronic version begins with an online implementation of the content found in the printed reference work, The Prokaryotes, Second Edition. The content is being fully updated over a five-year period until the work is completely revised. Thereafter, material will be continuously added to reflect developments in bacteriology. This online version features information retrieval functions and multimedia components.
