Author: Linee Goswami
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783845430744
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Studies have revealed that there are numerous toxic chemicals available in the market since World War II which can act like natural hormone and fool the body's endocrine system. These endocrine disrupting chemicals or hormone mimics are called environmental estrogen or xenoestrogen. As many as 116 components have been identified as possible endocrine disrupting chemicals by European Commission in September 1999 out of which 50 endocrine disruptors including DDT, DDE, PCBs & even some pesticides like aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, kepone etc have been listed by WWF society. Environmental estrogens are ubiquitous in nature and are identified to be responsible for a number of physiological aberrations in human health as well as wildlife. A major area of concern has been in relation to the possible link between the effects of these chemicals and reported decline in sperm count along with the increasing reproductive disorders in living beings. This book particularly concentrates on industrial chemical Bisphenol-A, as a potential source of environmental estrogen.
Author: Emma Curtis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Endocrine disrupting chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Xenoestrogens such as phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and dioxins are compounds found in ordinary substances such as detergents, cosmetics, plastics, pesticides and herbicides (Sonnenschein & Soto, 1998). Estrogen is a vital component in the development of the male and female reproductive system. However, xenoestrogens mimic endogenous estrogenic signaling and exhibit endocrine disrupting properties that may cause long-lasting repercussions on human reproductive health. Xenoestrogen bind to both intracellular and membrane-bound estrogen receptors resulting in an inappropriate activation of tissue-specific estrogenic responses, leading to low sperm count in males and precocious puberty and polycystic ovarian syndrome in females (Shanle & Xu, 2011). Although the pathways of many xenoestrogens mechanism are unknown, the detrimental outcomes on reproductive health are evident.
Author: Durga Kolla
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Humans experience ubiquitous exposures to estrogenic environmental chemicals from food, personal care products, and other industrial and consumer goods. Bisphenol A (BPA), a well-studied xenoestrogen, is known to alter development of estrogen-sensitive organs including the brain, reproductive tract, and mammary gland. Bisphenol S (BPS), which has a similar chemical structure to BPA, is also used in many consumer products, but its effects on estrogen-sensitive organs in mammals has not been thoroughly examined. In our study, pregnant CD-1 mice were orally exposed to BPS or ethinyl estradiol (EE2, a positive control for estrogenicity) from gestational day 9 through postnatal day (PND) 2, the period when many estrogen-sensitive organs are developing. After weaning, the offspring were administered either oil (vehicle) or an estrogen challenge (1 [mu]g EE2/kg/day) for ten days starting at PND21 (prior to puberty), PND80 (early adulthood), or PND260 (later adulthood). Timing of puberty was evaluated in females by noting the date on which vaginal opening occurred. After the 10 day estrogen challenge, we evaluated the response of endocrine sensitive organs through measurements of organ weight, tissue morphology, and gene expression in both males and females. We observed dose- and sex-specific effects of BPS and EE2 treatment, as well as alterations in the responses of males and females to the estrogen challenge. This study sheds light on the effects of low dose xenoestrogen exposures on estrogen-sensitive organs including the reproductive tract and mammary gland. Furthermore, it improves our understanding of the influence of environmental chemicals on secular trends of earlier age of puberty in girls reported over the past few decades.
Author: Tracey J. Woodruff
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521519526
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Many reproductive and developmental health problems are caused by exposure to chemicals that are widely dispersed in our environment. These problems include infertility, miscarriage, poor pregnancy outcomes, abnormal fetal development, early puberty, endometriosis, and diseases and cancers of reproductive organs. The compelling nature of the collective science has resulted in recognition of a new field of environmental reproductive health. Focusing on exposures to environmental contaminants, particularly during critical periods in development and their potential effects on all aspects of future reproductive life-course, this book provides the first comprehensive source of information bringing together the arguments that are spread out among various scientific disciplines in environmental health, clinical and public health fields. It provides a review of the science in key areas of the relationship between environmental contaminants and reproductive health outcomes, and recommendations on efforts toward prevention in clinical care and public policy.
Author: Philippa D. Darbre
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128011203
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
Endocrine Disruption and Human Health starts with an overview of what endocrine disruptors are, the issues surrounding them, and the source of these chemicals in the ecosystem. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms of action and assay systems. The third section includes chapters written by specialists on different aspects of concern for the effects of endocrine disruption on human health. Finally, the authors consider the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and the pertinent regulation developed by the EU, the US FDA, as well as REACH and NGOs. The book has been written for researchers and research clinicians interested in learning about the actions of endocrine disruptors and current evidence justifying concerns for human health but is useful for those approaching the subject for the first time, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students. - Provides readers with access to a range of information from the basic mechanisms and assays to cutting-edge research investigating concerns for human health - Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of endocrine disruption and its effects on human health - Offers guidance on the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and current relevant regulatory considerations
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309064198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
Author: Pinar Erkekoglu
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535132172
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic compound for hardening and clearing polycarbonate plastics. BPA is mainly classified as an estrogen-like endocrine-disrupting chemical. In the last decade, attention has arisen in scientific communities that it is not safe to use this chemical in mainly polycarbonate plastics. Exposure to BPA starts in prenatal period, which is the critical period for its toxic effects on different organs. Throughout this book, the readers will obtain information on the effects of BPA on different systems. They will also get information on the prenatal and postnatal effects of BPA. We believe that readers will get qualified scientific knowledge and a general overview of the toxic effects of BPA exposure and its consequences from this book.
Author: Anita H. Payne
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1597454532
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 471
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive study of the Leydig cell, a fascinating and important cell type. It presents all of the developments in our understanding of Leydig cell biology and explores a wide variety of current and potential clinical applications. All aspects of Leydig cell biology, development, regulation, and physiology are explored in thirty-one expertly written chapters. This in-depth volume is an invaluable resource.
Author: Alexandre Hohl
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031315014
Category : Endocrinology
Languages : en
Pages : 515
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Book Description
Even though research on testosterone is increasing, there is still much controversy regarding its physiology and clinical use. This book provides a broad overview on testosterone, from its basic features to the most recent evidence of clinical applicability. In addition, specific conditions in which testosterone play a pivotal role are discussed in detail, such as hypogonadism, misuse and abuse, puberty, cardiovascular effects and testosterone therapy. The testes are vital organs for reproduction of the human species, besides being the main source of testosterone production in men. Although not essential for survival, these singular structures represent the essence of male biological function. Testosterone is the most important testicular androgen in men. Low serum testosterone levels are associated with cardiovascular morbidity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and mortality. Also, there is increasing evidence that serum testosterone is a major biomarker status of men's health in general. Hypogonadism in a male refers to a decrease in one or both of the two major functions of the testes: sperm production or testosterone production. These abnormalities can result from disease of the testes (primary hypogonadism) or disease of the pituitary or hypothalamus (secondary hypogonadism). Currently, the clinical features of male hypogonadism are sufficiently well-recognized, the causes are well-known, and the tests of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis are accurate enough for the diagnosis in most patients. Testosterone, the focus hormone of this book, is used in different forms and routes of administration. Several authors unravel its peculiarities and assist in choosing the most suitable form in each case, as well as the possible risks of its misuse or even abuse in men and women, seeking alternatives to help patients in this situation.
Author: G. Sarwar Gilani
Publisher: The American Oil Chemists Society
ISBN: 9781893997325
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 682
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Book Description
