X-Ray and Neutron Structure Analysis in Materials Science PDF Download
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Author: J. Hasek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461307678
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
During the last few decades, crystallography has become a wide and economically important field of science with many interesting applications in materials research, in different branches of physics, chemistry, geology, pharmacology, biochemistry, electronics, in many technological processes, machinery, heavy industry, etc. Twenty Nobel prizes awarded for achieve ments belonging to this· field only underline its distinction. Crystallo graphy has become a commonly used term, but - like a whale - it is much easier to recognize than to describe because of an extreme diversity of sub jects involved which range from highly sophisticated theories to the develop ment of routine technological processes or testing of materials in produc tion. It is apparent that only some aspects of selected topics could be included on a single occasion. The conference "ADVANCED METHODS IN X-RAY AND NEUTRON STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF MATERIALS" held in Karlovy Vary (Czechoslovakia) on October 5-9, 1987, was intended to cover the most important crystallographic aspects of ma terials science. The conference was attended by 250 people from 16 countries (Belgium,Bulgaria, China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, FRG, GDR, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, USA, USSR and Yugoslavia).
Author: J. Hasek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461307678
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
Get Book Here
Book Description
During the last few decades, crystallography has become a wide and economically important field of science with many interesting applications in materials research, in different branches of physics, chemistry, geology, pharmacology, biochemistry, electronics, in many technological processes, machinery, heavy industry, etc. Twenty Nobel prizes awarded for achieve ments belonging to this· field only underline its distinction. Crystallo graphy has become a commonly used term, but - like a whale - it is much easier to recognize than to describe because of an extreme diversity of sub jects involved which range from highly sophisticated theories to the develop ment of routine technological processes or testing of materials in produc tion. It is apparent that only some aspects of selected topics could be included on a single occasion. The conference "ADVANCED METHODS IN X-RAY AND NEUTRON STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF MATERIALS" held in Karlovy Vary (Czechoslovakia) on October 5-9, 1987, was intended to cover the most important crystallographic aspects of ma terials science. The conference was attended by 250 people from 16 countries (Belgium,Bulgaria, China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, FRG, GDR, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, USA, USSR and Yugoslavia).
Author: L.A. Feigin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475766246
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 339
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Book Description
Small-angle scattering of X rays and neutrons is a widely used diffraction method for studying the structure of matter. This method of elastic scattering is used in various branches of science and technology, includ ing condensed matter physics, molecular biology and biophysics, polymer science, and metallurgy. Many small-angle scattering studies are of value for pure science and practical applications. It is well known that the most general and informative method for investigating the spatial structure of matter is based on wave-diffraction phenomena. In diffraction experiments a primary beam of radiation influences a studied object, and the scattering pattern is analyzed. In principle, this analysis allows one to obtain information on the structure of a substance with a spatial resolution determined by the wavelength of the radiation. Diffraction methods are used for studying matter on all scales, from elementary particles to macro-objects. The use of X rays, neutrons, and electron beams, with wavelengths of about 1 A, permits the study of the condensed state of matter, solids and liquids, down to atomic resolution. Determination of the atomic structure of crystals, i.e., the arrangement of atoms in a unit cell, is an important example of this line of investigation.
Author: M. F. C. Ladd
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461579333
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404
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Book Description
Crystallography may be described as the science of the structure of materi als, using this word in its widest sense, and its ramifications are apparent over a broad front of current scientific endeavor. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that most universities offer some aspects of crystallography in their undergraduate courses in the physical sciences. It is the principal aim of this book to present an introduction to structure determination by X-ray crystal lography that is appropriate mainly to both final-year undergraduate studies in crystallography, chemistry, and chemical physics, and introductory post graduate work in this area of crystallography. We believe that the book will be of interest in other disciplines, such as physics, metallurgy, biochemistry, and geology, where crystallography has an important part to play. In the space of one book, it is not possible either to cover all aspects of crystallography or to treat all the subject matter completely rigorously. In particular, certain mathematical results are assumed in order that their applications may be discussed. At the end of each chapter, a short bibliog raphy is given, which may be used to extend the scope of the treatment given here. In addition, reference is made in the text to specific sources of information. We have chosen not to discuss experimental methods extensively, as we consider that this aspect of crystallography is best learned through practical experience, but an attempt has been made to simulate the interpretive side of experimental crystallography in both examples and exercises.
Author: Françoise Hippert
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402033370
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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Book Description
- Up-to-date account of the principles and practice of inelastic and spectroscopic methods available at neutron and synchrotron sources - Multi-technique approach set around a central theme, rather than a monograph on one technique - Emphasis on the complementarity of neutron spectroscopy and X-ray spectroscopy which are usually treated in separate books
Author: Oliver Diwald
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119436745
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : de
Pages : 903
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Book Description
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles A complete nanoparticle resource for chemists and industry professionals Metal oxide nanoparticles are integral to a wide range of natural and technological processes—from mineral transformation to electronics. Additionally, the fields of engineering, electronics, energy technology, and electronics all utilize metal oxide nanoparticle powders. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Formation, Functional Properties, and Interfaces presents readers with the most relevant synthesis and formulation approaches for using metal oxide nanoparticles as functional materials. It covers common processing routes and the assessment of physical and chemical particle properties through comprehensive and complementary characterization methods. This book will serve as an introduction to nanoparticle formulation, their interface chemistry and functional properties at the nanoscale. It will also act as an in-depth resource, sharing detailed information on advanced approaches to the physical, chemical, surface, and interface characterization of metal oxide nanoparticle powders and dispersions. Addresses the application of metal oxide nanoparticles and its economic impact Examines particle synthesis, including the principles of selected bottom-up strategies Explores nanoparticle formulation—a selection of processing and application routes Discusses the significance of particle surfaces and interfaces on structure formation, stability and functional materials properties Covers metal oxide nanoparticle characterization at different length scales With this valuable resource, academic researchers, industrial chemists, and PhD students can all gain insight into the synthesis, properties, and applications of metal oxide nanoparticles.
Author: Norbert Stribeck
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540698566
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
This manual is a useful ready-reference guide to the analytical power of modern X-ray scattering in the field of soft matter. The author describes simple tools that can elucidate the mechanisms of structure evolution in the studied materials, and follows this up with a step-by-step guide to more advanced methods. Data analysis based on clear, unequivocal results is rendered simple and straightforward – with a stress on careful planning of experiments and adequate recording of all required data.
Author: Eric J. Mittemeijer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662067234
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 557
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Book Description
Overview of diffraction methods applied to the analysis of the microstructure of materials. Since crystallite size and the presence of lattice defects have a decisive influence on the properties of many engineering materials, information about this microstructure is of vital importance in developing and assessing materials for practical applications. The most powerful and usually non-destructive evaluation techniques available are X-ray and neutron diffraction. The book details, among other things, diffraction-line broadening methods for determining crystallite size and atomic-scale strain due, e.g. to dislocations, and methods for the analysis of residual (macroscale) stress. The book assumes only a basic knowledge of solid-state physics and supplies readers sufficient information to apply the methods themselves.
Author: Fotis Spyropoulos
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 178801216X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
The most useful properties of food, i.e. the ones that are detected through look, touch and taste, are a manifestation of the food’s structure. Studies about how this structure develops or can be manipulated during food production and processing are a vital part of research in food science. This book provides the status of research on food structure and how it develops through the interplay between processing routes and formulation elements. It covers food structure development across a range of food settings and consider how this alters in order to design food with specific functionalities and performance. Food structure has to be considered across a range of length scales and the book includes a section focusing on analytical and theoretical approaches that can be taken to analyse/characterise food structure from the nano- to the macro-scale. The book concludes by outlining the main challenges arising within the field and the opportunities that these create in terms of establishing or growing future research activities. Edited and written by world class contributors, this book brings the literature up-to-date by detailing how the technology and applications have moved on over the past 10 years. It serves as a reference for researchers in food science and chemistry, food processing and food texture and structure.
Author: J. Katsaras
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 366204496X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Provides the reader with an up to date insight of the current state of the art in the field of lipid bilayer research and the important insights derived for the understanding of the complex and varied behaviour of biological membranes and its function.
Author: Brent Fultz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642297609
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 775
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Book Description
This book explains concepts of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) that are important for the characterization of materials. The fourth edition adds important new techniques of TEM such as electron tomography, nanobeam diffraction, and geometric phase analysis. A new chapter on neutron scattering completes the trio of x-ray, electron and neutron diffraction. All chapters were updated and revised for clarity. The book explains the fundamentals of how waves and wavefunctions interact with atoms in solids, and the similarities and differences of using x-rays, electrons, or neutrons for diffraction measurements. Diffraction effects of crystalline order, defects, and disorder in materials are explained in detail. Both practical and theoretical issues are covered. The book can be used in an introductory-level or advanced-level course, since sections are identified by difficulty. Each chapter includes a set of problems to illustrate principles, and the extensive Appendix includes laboratory exercises.
