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Author: You Lin Xu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864434937
Category : Building, Stormproof
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Characteristics of wind loads associated with static or dynamic design of buildings and structures have been extensively investigated in the last two or three decades. The subject of wind-related fatigue design, however, has not been thoroughly explored to date. Only limited knowledge exists in fatigue characteristics of wind loads, particularly in the case of wind loads on low-rise buildings. This report therefore presents a study of wind-induced fatigue loading on roof cladding of low-rise buildings. The study uses the roof pressures measured on the Texas Tech University Building in the field. Spectra, probability distributions and extreme value distributions of the roof pressures at critical locations are analysed to determine stochastic properties of the pressures. It is found that all the concerned roof pressures could not be modelled as a narrow-band Gaussian process. The rainflow method is therefore used to count load cycles instead of the upcrossing method. Load cycle histograms of the pressures exhibit fatigue characteristics of the pressure itself, and they are closely related to stochastic properties of the pressure. Total load cycle distributions are then computed using load cycle histograms in consideration of long-term effects of wind climate. The results show that the total load cycle distribution in temperate regions is significantly different from that in tropical cyclone regions, and the total number of cycles is dependent on the parameters associated with the description of wind climate. Probability analysis shows that as far as cycle mean levels are concerned, most cycles in the total load cycle distribution are concentrated in a certain area. The statistical average of the cycle mean levels for a given cycle range is suggested as an equivalent mean level for this cycle range so that the resulting fatigue test procedure of roof cladding becomes practical. Finally, the present results are compared with the load cycle distributions currently used in Australia and Europe. A number of comments has been made with respect to fatigue design criteria, wind regions, distributions of cycle ranges and numbers of cycles.
Author: You Lin Xu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780864434937
Category : Building, Stormproof
Languages : en
Pages : 57
Get Book Here
Book Description
Characteristics of wind loads associated with static or dynamic design of buildings and structures have been extensively investigated in the last two or three decades. The subject of wind-related fatigue design, however, has not been thoroughly explored to date. Only limited knowledge exists in fatigue characteristics of wind loads, particularly in the case of wind loads on low-rise buildings. This report therefore presents a study of wind-induced fatigue loading on roof cladding of low-rise buildings. The study uses the roof pressures measured on the Texas Tech University Building in the field. Spectra, probability distributions and extreme value distributions of the roof pressures at critical locations are analysed to determine stochastic properties of the pressures. It is found that all the concerned roof pressures could not be modelled as a narrow-band Gaussian process. The rainflow method is therefore used to count load cycles instead of the upcrossing method. Load cycle histograms of the pressures exhibit fatigue characteristics of the pressure itself, and they are closely related to stochastic properties of the pressure. Total load cycle distributions are then computed using load cycle histograms in consideration of long-term effects of wind climate. The results show that the total load cycle distribution in temperate regions is significantly different from that in tropical cyclone regions, and the total number of cycles is dependent on the parameters associated with the description of wind climate. Probability analysis shows that as far as cycle mean levels are concerned, most cycles in the total load cycle distribution are concentrated in a certain area. The statistical average of the cycle mean levels for a given cycle range is suggested as an equivalent mean level for this cycle range so that the resulting fatigue test procedure of roof cladding becomes practical. Finally, the present results are compared with the load cycle distributions currently used in Australia and Europe. A number of comments has been made with respect to fatigue design criteria, wind regions, distributions of cycle ranges and numbers of cycles.
Author: Murad Aldoum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
The present study examines wind loads on low-slope roofs of low-rise and mid-rise buildings with large plan dimensions (118 m) to investigate the suitability of wind provisions of the North American codes and standards to such buildings. Examination of such buildings is necessary since the wind provisions of the North American codes and standards were established based on wind tunnel studies involved in the determination of wind loads on buildings with common plan dimensions, i.e. less than 60 m. The size of roof pressure zones and the magnitude of pressure coefficients on low-sloped roofs of low-rise and mid-rise buildings with large spans have been examined experimentally in the wind tunnel of Concordia University. Three building models were constructed at a length scale of 1:400 with identical plan dimensions (118 m x 118 m) and different heights (5 m, 10 m, and 20 m). The models were tested in simulated open country and suburban exposures for 7 wind directions: 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°. The pressure measurements have been presented in terms of contours of enveloped pressure coefficients, local pressure coefficients, and area-averaged pressure coefficients. The results of the current study have been compared with previous studies, full-scale data and the wind provisions of the North American codes. It was found that the magnitude of external peak pressure coefficients recommended by ASCE 7-16 for low-slope roofs of low-rise buildings are much higher than the experimental findings and using those recommended by ASCE 7-10 is safe and more economical for large low-rise buildings. Also, for buildings of 8 m height or more, the corner zone should be sized according to ASCE 7-10 and NBCC 2015; and shaped based on ASCE 7-16. Moreover, for large low-rise building with low heights, say 5 m, it was found that wind loads on the roof corner are approximately equal to those on the edge zone. Exceptions for low-rise buildings with large configurations and low-slope roofs are proposed for ASCE 7 and NBBC regarding roof pressure zones and the magnitude of cladding and components external peak pressure coefficients.
Author: Mohamed Ragab Elsharawy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
Proper building design against wind loads depends primarily on the adequacy of the provisions of codes of practice and wind load standards. During the past decades, much has been learned about along- and across-wind forces on buildings. However, studies on wind-induced torsional loads on buildings are very limited. The recent trends towards construction of more complex building shapes and structural systems can result in an increase of the unbalanced wind loads yielding an increase of torsional moments. Thus, re-visiting the wind load provisions is of an utmost concern to ensure their adequacy in evaluating torsion on low- and medium-rise buildings and to achieve safe, yet economic building design. It is noteworthy that most of the wind loading provisions on torsion have been developed from the research work largely directed towards very tall and flexible buildings for which resonant responses are significant. However, the dynamic response of most low- and medium-rise buildings is dominated by quasi-steady gust loading with little resonant effect. Moreover, the lack of knowledge regarding wind-induced torsion is reflected in having different approaches in evaluating torsion in the international wind loading codes and standards. The current research program undertakes the investigation of shear and torsional wind loads on low- and medium-rise buildings. The study demonstrates that North American and European Codes and Standards have quite different provisions for wind-induced torsion acting on low- and medium-rise buildings with typical geometries – namely, for horizontal aspect ratios (L/B) equal to 1, 2, and 3. In the experimental phase, several buildings with different configurations, i.e. different roof angles (0°, 18.4°, 45°) and heights (ranging from 6 m to 60 m) were tested in the boundary layer wind tunnel of Concordia University for different wind directions (every 15°). The measured shear and torsional loads were compared with the Canadian and American code provisions. The study found that NBCC 2010 underestimates torsion on low-rise buildings significantly, while discrepancies were found for medium-rise buildings. In addition, wind load combinations for low- and medium-rise buildings were studied. For flat-roofed buildings, it was found that maximum torsion for winds in transverse direction is associated with 80% of the overall shear force perpendicular to the longer horizontal building dimension; and 45% of the maximum shear occurs perpendicular to the smaller horizontal building dimension. Suggested approaches and load combination factors were introduced to enhance the current building codes and standards aiming at an adequate evaluation of wind load effects on low- and medium-rise buildings.
Author: C. Kramer
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444599762
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
Held under the auspices of the International Association for Wind Engineering, 226 delegates from twenty-three countries took part in the conference. This three volume work contains about 90 papers published in full length, together with summaries and discussions on other interesting and valuable papers presented at the conference.
Author: Kaustubh Dasgupta
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030263657
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 960
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Book Description
This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 3rd National Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (SECON’19), held in Angamaly, Kerala, India, on 15-16 May 2019. The meeting served as a fertile platform for discussion, sharing sound knowledge and introducing novel ideas on issues related to sustainable construction and design for the future. The respective contributions address various aspects of numerical modeling and simulation in structural engineering, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, advanced analysis and design of foundations, BIM, building energy management, and technical project management. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable, up-to-date tool and essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and will inspire further investigations and research.
Author: Yukio Tamura
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431543376
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414
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Book Description
This book serves as a textbook for advanced courses as it introduces state-of-the-art information and the latest research results on diverse problems in the structural wind engineering field. The topics include wind climates, design wind speed estimation, bluff body aerodynamics and applications, wind-induced building responses, wind, gust factor approach, wind loads on components and cladding, debris impacts, wind loading codes and standards, computational tools and computational fluid dynamics techniques, habitability to building vibrations, damping in buildings, and suppression of wind-induced vibrations. Graduate students and expert engineers will find the book especially interesting and relevant to their research and work.
Author: John D. Holmes
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000220753
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 639
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Book Description
Wind forces from extreme wind events are the dominant loading for many parts of the world, exacerbated by climate change and the continued construction of tall buildings and structures. This authoritative source, for practising and academic structural engineers and graduate students, ties the principles of wind loads on structures to the relevant aspects of meteorology, bluff-body aerodynamics, probability and statistics, and structural dynamics. This new edition covers: Climate change effects on extreme winds – particularly those from tropical cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons Modelling of potential wind vulnerability and damage Developments in extreme value probability analysis of extreme wind speeds and directions Explanation of the difference between ‘return period’ and ‘average recurrence interval’, as well as ‘bootstrapping’ techniques for deriving confidence limits Wind over water, and profiles and turbulence in non-synoptic winds An expanded chapter on internal pressures produced by wind for various opening and permeability scenarios Aerodynamic shaping of high- and low-rise buildings Recent developments in five major wind codes and standards A new chapter on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as applied to wind engineering A greatly expanded appendix providing the basic information on extreme wind climates for over 140 countries and territories Additional examples for many chapters in this book
Author: Keith John Eaton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Keith John Eaton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buildings
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Angus J. MacDonald
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
