Why has Puerto Rico never become either independent or an incorporated state of the United States of America? PDF Download
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Author: Mathias Mißler
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346260127
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1,7, University of Marburg (Politikwissenschaft), course: American Military Interventions Abroad, language: English, abstract: The research question of this work is "Why has Puerto Rico never become either independent or an incorporated state of the United States of America?" and focuses on making visible the reasons for the absence of a decision for a clear status of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The first part of the paper will briefly outline the history of the Caribbean island before the main part will examine historical speeches, documents, status referenda, special events and monographs concerning Puerto Rico and the reasons for the lack of incorporation or independence from both the Puerto Rican and the United States point of view. One of the main points of interest will be to uncover possible racism as a motive for the USA to keep the colony in possession, since it has always been prevalent in the pejorative treatment of non-white minorities. In addition, it will be clarified why the inhabitants of Puerto Rico have long supported or endured the unclear status of the Commonwealth.
Author: Mathias Mißler
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346260127
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2020 in the subject Politics - Region: USA, grade: 1,7, University of Marburg (Politikwissenschaft), course: American Military Interventions Abroad, language: English, abstract: The research question of this work is "Why has Puerto Rico never become either independent or an incorporated state of the United States of America?" and focuses on making visible the reasons for the absence of a decision for a clear status of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. The first part of the paper will briefly outline the history of the Caribbean island before the main part will examine historical speeches, documents, status referenda, special events and monographs concerning Puerto Rico and the reasons for the lack of incorporation or independence from both the Puerto Rican and the United States point of view. One of the main points of interest will be to uncover possible racism as a motive for the USA to keep the colony in possession, since it has always been prevalent in the pejorative treatment of non-white minorities. In addition, it will be clarified why the inhabitants of Puerto Rico have long supported or endured the unclear status of the Commonwealth.
Author: Javier a Hernandez
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781676722182
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
In this book, Javier A. Hernández tackles the Puerto Rico status issue and explains very succinctly why Puerto Rico will never become a U.S. state and why sovereignty is in the best interests of both Puerto Rico and the United States. "PREXIT: Forging Puerto Rico's Path to Sovereignty" is aimed at educating Puerto Ricans, Americans, and others around the world about the colossal mistake it would be to annex Puerto Rico as a U.S. state; explains the inner workings and legacies of U.S. colonial rule in Puerto Rico; and also proposes the viable option of National Sovereignty for Puerto Rico. In these pages, you'll discover:1. Why statehood will never happen;2. The many political, cultural, and economic reasons Puerto Ricans and Americans should support Sovereignty;3. The PREXIT strategies to begin Puerto Rico's decolonization and transition to Sovereignty; 4. Various political, democratic, security, defense, diplomatic, maritime, and economic development proposals, plans, and policies that would transition Puerto Rico from a corrupt and bankrupt colony to a democratic republic and economic powerhouse in the Caribbean and Latin America. This book hopes to generate debate and will attempt to outline and detail a viable plan to support Puerto Rico's path to sovereignty, particularly after the tumultuous events that led to the Puerto Rican Summer Revolution of 2019 that ousted the corrupt pro-statehood governor and threatened the legitimacy and foundation of the colonial regime, not to mention the recent 2020 protests. This book is divided into seven parts: 1. FAQs about Puerto Rico Sovereignty & Free Association; 2. The Ten Major Reasons Why Puerto Rico will Never become a U.S. State; 3. List of Colonial Atrocities, Repression & Policies Committed on Puerto Rico by U.S. Colonial Rule; 4. Invalidating the Statehooder & Colonialist Narratives; 5. Why Americans must Oppose Statehood & Support Sovereignty; 6. Developing a PREXIT Strategy & Why National Sovereignty is the Only Viable Option; 7. An Exhortation to Liberate Puerto Rico from the Barbarians The author states: "U.S. colonial rule in Puerto Rico has been a blatant failure and only sovereignty, freedom, and democracy can help Puerto Rico to not only protect its national culture, identity, and Spanish language, but to also support its own economic development in a globalized world economy. Some form of Puerto Rican sovereignty is inevitable. Whether total independence or a modality of sovereign free association via a compact or treaty, Puerto Rico will be free, and Puerto Ricans will finally be able to rule themselves and advance their political and economic interests in the international community and global economy."
Author: United States Committee on Resources
Publisher: Forgotten Books
ISBN: 9781332985029
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
Excerpt from U. S. Puerto Rico Political Status Act: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Native American and Insular Affairs of the Committee on Resources, House of Representatives After Congress passes the Implementation Act, the third vote is held in Puerto Rico. If the Implementation Act is not approved, Puerto Rico remains under the United States sovereignty. However, if the Act is approved, Puerto Rico arrives at the end of the path and attains full, permanent, full self government, either through separate sovereignty of independence, or free association, or through the United States Sovereignty and Statehood. During this century, the number of years it has taken for areas under United States control to achieve full self government has varied greatly. And I want to stress that. If you look at that, this century has taken a lot of different time for different areas. Cuba became independent in three years, and Oklahoma became a State after 104 years. Under the timeframes set forth in the legislation for the develop ment of full self government, including a 10-year transition, Puerto Rico can reach full self government in the year 2010, or after 113 years of United States government control. The longest time for any territory. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author: Christina Duffy Burnett
Publisher: Duke University Press
ISBN: 0822381168
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
In this groundbreaking study of American imperialism, leading legal scholars address the problem of the U.S. territories. Foreign in a Domestic Sense will redefine the boundaries of constitutional scholarship. More than four million U.S. citizens currently live in five “unincorporated” U.S. territories. The inhabitants of these vestiges of an American empire are denied full representation in Congress and cannot vote in presidential elections. Focusing on Puerto Rico, the largest and most populous of the territories, Foreign in a Domestic Sense sheds much-needed light on the United States’ unfinished colonial experiment and its legacy of racially rooted imperialism, while insisting on the centrality of these “marginal” regions in any serious treatment of American constitutional history. For one hundred years, Puerto Ricans have struggled to define their place in a nation that neither wants them nor wants to let them go. They are caught in a debate too politicized to yield meaningful answers. Meanwhile, doubts concerning the constitutionality of keeping colonies have languished on the margins of mainstream scholarship, overlooked by scholars outside the island and ignored by the nation at large. This book does more than simply fill a glaring omission in the study of race, cultural identity, and the Constitution; it also makes a crucial contribution to the study of American federalism, serves as a foundation for substantive debate on Puerto Rico’s status, and meets an urgent need for dialogue on territorial status between the mainlandd and the territories. Contributors. José Julián Álvarez González, Roberto Aponte Toro, Christina Duffy Burnett, José A. Cabranes, Sanford Levinson, Burke Marshall, Gerald L. Neuman, Angel R. Oquendo, Juan Perea, Efrén Rivera Ramos, Rogers M. Smith, E. Robert Statham Jr., Brook Thomas, Richard Thornburgh, Juan R. Torruella, José Trías Monge, Mark Tushnet, Mark Weiner
Author: United States-Puerto Rico Commission on the Status of Puerto Rico
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Constitutional law
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Author: R. Sam Garrett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Puerto Rico
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Puerto Rico is subject to congressional jurisdiction under the Territorial Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Over the past century, Congress passed legislation governing Puerto Rico's relationship with the United States. For example, residents of Puerto Rico hold U.S. citizenship, serve in the military, are subject to federal laws, and are represented in the House of Representatives by a Resident Commissioner elected to a four-year term. Although residents participate in the presidential nominating process, they do not vote in the general election. Puerto Ricans pay federal tax on income derived from sources in the mainland United States, but they pay no federal tax on income earned in Puerto Rico. The Resident Commissioner may vote in committees but is not permitted to vote in, or preside over, either the Committee of the Whole or the House in the 112th Congress. Elements of the U.S.-Puerto Rico relationship have been and continue to be matters of debate. Some contend that the current political status of Puerto Rico, perhaps with enhancements, remains a viable option. Others argue that commonwealth status is or should be only a temporary fix to be resolved in favor of other solutions considered permanent, non-colonial, and nonterritorial. Some contend that if independence is achieved, the close relationship with the United States could be continued through compact negotiations with the federal government. One element apparently shared by all involved is that the people of Puerto Rico seek to attain full, democratic representation, notably through voting rights on national legislation to which they are subject. In March 2011, the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico Status issued its latest report. The Task Force, whose members include various officials in the Obama Administration, agreed with its predecessors that the status quo, statehood, independence, or free association with the United States remain constitutionally viable options if Congress and the people of Puerto Rico wish to revisit the island's political status.
Author: Guillermo González Román M.D.
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1664152024
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 59
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Book Description
With this book, “Why Should Puerto Rico Become the 51st State?”, Dr. González attempts to answer two basic questions. 1. Why has Puerto Rico been a colony for the past 527 years? 2. How could Puerto Rico stop being a colony? Colonialism refers to populations whose government’s sovereignty resides in another country without fair and equal representation in that government. Puerto Rico is a territory that belongs to the USA since 1898 with the signature of the Treaty of Peace between Spain and the USA after the Spanish- American War. The original book published in 2007, “The Governor’s Suits”, was a response to a book written by an ex-president of the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico: “The Trials of the Oldest Colony of the World” by José Trías Monje. After years of asserting that Puerto Rico was a self-governing country, he declared that PR is a colony. He did not understand why Puerto Ricans have accepted colonialism. In his book, Dr. González explained that the experiences of colonialism have been endured because the experiences as a colony for all these years have branded the Puerto Ricans and shaped their personalities to accept and endure colonialism with stoicism. With a near future discussion coming to Congress about the status of the relations between Puerto Rico and the USA, Dr. González feels responsibility to create awareness that PR is a colony, and since 2012, in a popular vote, 54% of Puerto Ricans voted to discontinue the mutually consented colonialism up to then.
Author: Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska Native Affairs of the Committee on Natural Resources U.s.
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781539816164
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
The island of Puerto Rico was acquired by the United States in 1898 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris at the conclusion of the Spanish-American War. For the past 117 years, Puerto Rico has remained a territory with close economic and social ties to the United States. Puerto Ricans are United States citizens at birth, have served in all branches of the U.S. military since 1917, do not pay Federal income taxes, are not allowed to vote for the President of the United States, and have no voting representation in the United States Senate or the House of Representatives. On November 6, 2012, a referendum concerning the political status of Puerto Rico was held on the island. This was the fourth time a vote on the political status of the island had been held and the first time the result had been in favor of changing political status. The voters were asked to answer two questions: 1) Whether they wished to maintain Puerto Rico's current political status; 2) Regardless of the choice in the first question, whether they preferred statehood, independence, or to be a "sovereign free associated state." The results of the vote according to the Puerto Rico State Elections Commission (CEE, as it's known by its Spanish acronym) were that approximately 54.0% voted "no" for the first question, with 46% voting "yes"; and approximately 61.2% chose the "statehood" option in the second question, with independence receiving 5.49% and sovereign free association 33.34%.
Author: United States-Puerto Rico Commission on the Status of Puerto Rico
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Puerto Rico
Languages : en
Pages : 590
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Book Description
Author: Sam Erman
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108415490
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
Tells the tragic story of Puerto Ricans who sought the post-Civil War regime of citizenship, rights, and statehood but instead received racist imperial governance.
