Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Azra Habibović
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264181571
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 111

Get Book Here

Book Description
This publication takes stock of the different approaches developed in ECMT countries regarding road safety for vulnerable users (cyclists, pedestrians and users of two-wheeled motorised vehicles) and provides examples of "good practice".

Author: Marjorie Peden
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437904068
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 67

Get Book Here

Book Description
Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.

Author: Juan Antonio Delgado Guerrero
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Get Book Here

Book Description
In recent years, the introduction of active and passive safety systems into modern cars has contributed to a high standard of safety for the passengers. However, vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists still face a considerably higher risk of severe injuries, especially in urban traffic situations. In this way, the number of total fatalities in traffic crashes in the USA decreased from 42836 to 32719 between the years 2004 and 2013, but the number of pedestrian fatalities remained constant around 4500. But fortunately, due to new technologies such as vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicleto- vehicle communication (V2V), networked vehicles can be provided with additional sensor information about their environment, which offers a great potential for advanced driver assistance systems. That is the motivation of this thesis, which is about developing a functional system for pedestrian collision avoidance in urban intersections, assuming that precise information about the position and speed of the pedestrian is available. So the main objective of the work is to detect the possible future collisions from this information. Moreover, as it is necessary for validating the detection methods, an automatic braking system is also considered. The major output of this thesis is the implementation of one system which, in the simulation, really detects impending collisions, alerts the driver about them and truly avoids them by activating an automatic braking system.

Author: Geetam Tiwari
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315351277
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 356

Get Book Here

Book Description
In recognition of the importance of road safety as a major health issue, the World Health Organization has declared 2011-2021 the Decade of Safety Action. Several countries in Europe, North America, and Asia have been successful in reducing fatalities and injuries due to road traffic crashes. However, many low-income countries continue to experience high rates of traffic fatalities and injuries. Transport Planning and Traffic Safety: Making Cities, Roads, and Vehicles Safer offers a source book for road safety training courses as well as an introductory textbook for graduate-level courses on road safety taught in engineering institutes. It brings together the international experiences and lessons learned from countries which have been successful in reducing traffic crashes and their applicability in low-income countries. The content is based on lectures delivered during an international course on transportation planning and traffic safety, sponsored annually by the Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Programme (TRIPP) at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. The book is interdisciplinary and aimed at professionals—traffic and road engineers, vehicle designers, law enforcers, and transport planners. The authors examine trends in performance of OECD countries and highlight the public health and systems approach of traffic safety with the vulnerable road user in focus. Topics include land use (transportation planning, mobility, and safety), safety education and legislation, accident analysis, road safety research, human tolerance to injury, vehicle design, safety in construction zones, safety in urban areas, traffic calming, public transportation, safety laws and policies, and pre-hospital care of the injured.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 61

Get Book Here

Book Description
Continued emphasis on active transportation has led to a proliferation of vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as bicyclists and pedestrians at intersections. Intersections are critical locations as many crashes occur due to mixed traffic flow and various conflicting patterns between road users. Intersection safety has primarily relied on historical crash data. However, due to several limitations including unpredictability and irregularity of occurrence of crashes in real environment, quantitative and qualitative determination of crashes may not be accurate. This study explores alternative measures to the traditional safety analysis known as surrogate safety measures (SSMs). SSMs such as Time to Collision (TTC), Post Encroachment Time (PET) and a variant of TTC, Relative Time to Collision (RTTC) were used to evaluate safety at ten signalized intersections in the city of San Diego. The analysis was conducted in two main parts: proactive safety evaluation for VRUs at signalized intersections by comparison of SSMs and predicting critical bicycle-vehicle conflicts at signalized intersections. In part one, frequency of each SSMs was estimated to identify critical intersections for VRUs and then a comparative study of each SSMs were conducted. It was found that RTTC alone was insufficient to accurately identify critical conflicts. Furthermore, safety evaluation results showed that a single SSM was not reliable but a combination of different SSMs was necessary to ensure the reliability of evaluations. In part two, logistic regression model was developed in R to predict critical conflicts based on PET measure. Bicycle-vehicle kinematics data were monitored for certain period before predicting critical conflicts. Several scenarios were analyzed considering different combinations of PET threshold value and monitoring period, and it was found that a scenario with PET threshold value of 3s and monitoring period of 2s led to the best model based on its statistical performance. Of the many input variables investigated, velocity of the conflicting objects and minimum relative approach velocity were found to be statistically more significant. The model was tested under two cases; sensitivity maximization and maximum overall accuracy, and it was found that sensitivity maximization was more suitable as it ensured accurate prediction of critical conflicts.

Author: Peter Mackie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

Get Book Here

Book Description
Pedestrians and Non-Motorized Traffic vehicles (NMTs) are part of the complete transport scene and in some cases form a very important aspect of that scene. As with the motorized sector of the transport market, this sector will experience positive and negative impacts as a consequence of a transport investment and the sector therefore needs to be included within the appraisal of that investment. Wheeled NMTs (e.g. bicycles and rickshaws) can experience benefits as smoother roads reduce operating costs and journey times, whether that be in an urban or rural environment. New roads and smoother roads can also lead to mode switching from pedestrian modes to either wheeled NMTs or motorized vehicles, giving both journey time and operating cost savings. An increase in the speed of traffic on an upgraded road may result in an increase in the seriousness of road accidents (i.e. an increase in the average number of fatalities per accident), with pedestrians and NMTs being the vulnerable road user groups. In some situations increases in capacity of urban intersections or urban arterials (e.g. construction of an urban motorway or freeway) may reduce the amount of road space available for NMTs thereby imposing costs (both travel time and operating costs) on that road user group. As with motorized transport, pedestrians and NMTs may benefit from a transport investment through operating cost savings, travel time savings, and accident and safety impacts. The inclusion of benefits to pedestrians and NMTs can form a significant proportion of the total scheme benefits for investments such as low volume rural roads.

Author: Abdulaziz Hebni Alshehri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cycling accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 41

Get Book Here

Book Description
Vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and bicyclists, also known as non-motorists, are vulnerable due to lack of protection in traffic. They are even more vulnerable at intersections due to increased exposure and conflicts with motor vehicles whose paths have to cross each other. The main objective of this thesis study was to determine factors that contribute significantly to the crash severity of intersection-related crashes involving motor vehicles and the vulnerable road users. When a motor vehicle crashes with a non-motorist road user, the non-motorist road user sustains the higher injury levels. Based on the objectives of this study, a three-year crash database from January 2013 to December 2015 acquired from the Ohio Department of Public Safety was utilized for this analysis. The logistic stepwise selection procedure was applied to estimate statistically significant predictor variables that contribute to increasing bicyclist and pedestrian-related crash severity levels. The logistic regression model identified five statistically significant predictor variables out of fourteen independent variables considered in the current research. The predictors that increase the crash severity of crashes involving VRUs who collide with vehicles at intersections are pedestrian-related, road contour, gender, light condition, and unit in error. The other factors that are usually significant such as posted speed limits, alcohol-related, gender, age, etc., were not significant in the current study. However, speed-related was not tested in the current study due to lack of enough cases where speeding was reported as contributing factor in the data set used.

Author: Charles V. Zegeer
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428995501
Category : Pedestrian accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 164

Get Book Here

Book Description
This guide is intended to provide information on how to identify safety and mobility needs for pedestrians with the roadway right-of-way. Useful for engineers, planners, safety professionals and decision-makers, the guide covers such topics as: the Walking Environment including sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, roadway lighting and pedestrian over and under passes; Roadway Design including bicycle lanes, roadway narrowing, reducing the number of lanes, one-way/two-way streets, right-turn slip lanes and raised medians; Intersections with roundabouts, T-intersections and median barriers; and Traffic calming designs.