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Author: Julie Zwiesler-Vollick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arabidopsis thaliana
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Author: Julie Zwiesler-Vollick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arabidopsis thaliana
Languages : en
Pages : 412
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Author: Sruti Bandyopadhyay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant-pathogen relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Author: Günther Winkelmann
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
This first comprehensive treatise on iron transport in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals summarizes the current state of knowledge on the subject.
Author: Alejandra Duque Jaramillo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Disease in plants can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria. To fight infection, plants are equipped with an immune system that recognizes pathogens and activates a defense response mediated by the hormones salicylic acid and/or jasmonic acid and ethylene. One of the most important bacterial plant pathogens are strains from the Pseudomonas genus, able to infect crops and wild plants. The Pseudomonas syringae complex comprises most of the phytopathogens of this genus, including the model strain P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000), widely used in pathogenicity studies. P. viridiflava, a globally-distributed natural pathogen of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, also belongs to the P. syringae complex but is genetically and phenotypically distinct from well-characterized DC3000. Despite P. viridiflava being the most abundant Pseudomonas species in A. thaliana populations, little is known about the mechanisms of bacterial virulence and plant resistance in this pathosystem. In this thesis, I characterized the natural A. thaliana - P. viridiflava pathosystem by combining genetics, transcriptomics and metabolomics to identify resistance mechanisms in the host. I also used a computational framework to identify virulence-related specialized metabolites in the pathogen. In the first chapter, I investigated how P. viridiflava interacts with A. thaliana, and contrasted this with the model pathogen DC3000. I uncovered that the jasmonic acid/ethylene pathway is involved in defense against P. viridiflava, likely through an increase in jasmonic acid levels. Infection elicited a similar response in resistant and susceptible hosts, but the timing was different: changes occurred faster in the resistant host. In the second chapter, I explored how potential specialized metabolites encoded by P. viridiflava might be associated with differences in their virulence. I described the large biosynthetic potential of a collection of Pseudomonas genomes from the A. thaliana phyllosphere, and found that this biosynthetic potential is dominated by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases. I then identified gene cluster families with a putative role in P. viridiflava virulence, one of them related to the siderophore pyoverdine. Overall, this thesis presents an integrative approach to the study of plant-microbe interactions, and provides the baseline for further studies on the interactions between A. thaliana and P. viridiflava. This pathosystem better represents the interaction dynamics in natural populations and has the potential to address ecologically-relevant questions about adaptation and co-evolution of host and pathogen.
Author: K. Rudolph
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792346012
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 714
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Book Description
During the last decade, research on Pseudomonas syringae pathovars and related pathogens has progressed rapidly, opening up many new avenues. The application of molecular genetics has provided new insights into determinants of pathogenicity and virulence. Progress has also been made in elucidating the chemical structures and modes of action of phytotoxins from Pseudomonas syringae; by establishing novel strategies for disease control; in biotechnological applications; by studying the resistant reaction of the plant with a combined biochemical and genetic approach; and in the development of new detection and identification methodologies as tools in epidemiological studies. With such rapid advances it becomes more and more difficult to keep abreast of the developments and concepts within disciplines, all involving research on pathovars of P. syringae. In an attempt to provide a balanced overview, recent developments in these rapidly expanding fields have been critically reviewed at the beginning of each chapter by internationally renowned experts. Our comprehensive coverage has been made possible because all the contributors to this volume presented their latest findings at the `5th International Conference on Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens' in Berlin, September 3-8, 1995. In this way, it was possible to bring together contributions from a wide range of fields including phytopathology, genetics, bacteriology, plant breeding, plant protection, and taxonomy. This book is not intended simply as a record of the proceedings of the Berlin Conference, but as an extension of recent findings and hypotheses put forward at the meeting. All papers published in this volume have been reviewed by the Editors.
Author: Robert N. Goodman
Publisher: American Phytopathological Society
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
Nikolai Gogol’s short story is a sublime work of tragi-comedy. In it, he brilliantly ridicules the Ukrainian passion for litigation and reveals life as something really rather absurd. Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich are the greatest of friends—until the day they begin a foolish quarrel that culminates in that very worst of insults: “And you, Ivan Ivanovich, are a goose.” From that moment on, not another word is spoken between them as they choose instead to fight out their differences in the courts. But it seems theirs is a lawsuit that is set to run for years and years.
Author: Jay N. Worley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000) is a model plant pathogenic bacterium that infects tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana. It requires the phytotoxin coronatine and the delivery of type III effector proteins (T3Es) into the host cell cytoplasm for defense suppression and virulence. CmaL is a small protein found to be necessary for coronatine production. Coronatine is a potent molecular mimic of jasmonoyl-isoleucine, a plant hormone conjugate involved in regulating plant defenses. Coronatine is constructed of two amide bond-linked moieties, coronafacic acid and coronamic acid. CmaL was shown to be required for the production of L-allo-isoleucine, a precursor for coronamic acid biosynthesis. DC3000 mutants lacking both cmaL and the T3E gene hopAA1-1 are reduced in speck formation in tomato. hopAA1-1 is member of the conserved effector locus, a group of effector genes located adjacent to the genes encoding the type three secretion apparatus that are widespread among P. syringae strains. HopAA1-1 is toxic to both plants and yeast upon expression within them. To gain insight into the basis for its toxicity in eukaryotic cells, the subcellular localization of HopAA1-1 was investigated. HopAA1-1 was found to colocalize with plant peroxisomes. Truncated derivatives of HopAA1-1 that are not cytotoxic and cannot promote symptom formation do not localize with peroxisomes. Additionally, other truncated derivatives of HopAA1-1 colocalize with the endoplasmic reticulum in addition to peroxisomes, suggesting that HopAA1 -1 interacts with the endomembrane system. A DC3000 mutant with 28 T3E genes deleted (DC3000D28E) is a recently developed tool for investigating effector functions. DC3000D28E derivatives with small sets of effector genes progressively restored show increasing virulence wh en inoculated by infiltration with a blunt syringe into the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Because of its location in a cluster of effector genes, cmaL was inadvertently deleted in the construction of DC3000D28E. The importance of coronatine and its partial redundancy with HopAA1-1 in promoting an early stage of pathogenesis was revealed by restoring cmaL and hopAA1-1 to selected DC3000D28E derivatives and assaying the strains by dip inoculation of N. benthamiana leaves, which requires bacteria to follow a natural infection route through stomata.
Author: Hanh Ngoc Lam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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The type III secretion system (T3SS) is required for virulence of the gram-negative plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000) in tomato and Arabidopsis. The alternative sigma factor HrpL directly regulates expression of T3SS genes by binding to a short DNA sequence designated as the "hrp promoter". The ability of DC3000 to colonize plants, subdue multiple layers of plant defense and multiply in plant tissues relies on the activities carried out by the many T3SS regulon members (known collectively as hrp genes). Efforts to identify genes involved in pathogenicity were initiated over three decades ago. However, HrpL binding to hrp promoters has never been directly demonstrated and it is unclear if the list of HrpL-regulated genes is complete. The first goal of the research described here was to systemically and exhaustively identify HrpL-binding sites and likely hrp promoters in the DC3000 genome. Employing chromatin immuno-precipitation, coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and transcription start site analysis (modified RNA-Seq), we found twenty sites representing novel hrp promoters. Using deletion analysis, we attempted to determine if the genes downstream from a subset of these promoters could be linked to virulence. However, the deletions did not affect the hypersensitive response or in planta growth of the resulting strains. Interestingly, many new HrpL regulon members appear to be unrelated to the T3SS (based on their annotations), and orthologs for some of these can be identified in non-pathogenic bacteria. The connection of these new HrpL regulon members to virulence is not obvious. The HrpL regulon is activated as a result of a chain of events, most of which are not well understood. It is known that RpoN, which controls the transcription of hrpL in DC3000, is required for virulence in several bacterial species. Motivated by the hypothesis that genes are coordinately regulated in order to serve a strategic purpose (e.g., virulence), our second goal was to look for other genes activated by RpoN in parallel with hrpL. RpoN ([sigma]54) requires specialized enhancer-binding proteins (EBPs) in order to activate transcription. This arrangement presumably allows the cell to respond to environmental signals by modifying the transcription of particular genes. Using ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq, we identified candidate RpoN-dependent genes as well as genes that were differentially expressed under hrp-inducing conditions. This initial survey includes more than 200 likely RpoN-regulated genes involved in flagella biosynthesis, energy metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, transport and binding proteins, and small noncoding RNAs, as well as putative regulatory proteins and EBPs. Among the genes that were differentially regulated between hrp-inducing and repressing conditions, more than one dozen appear to be regulated by RpoN and are therefore potentially important in functions related to plant association or virulence.
Author: Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 8132237064
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
This book focuses on multiple plant stresses and the molecular basis of adaptation, addressing the molecular mechanism and adaptation for both abiotic and biotic stresses. Ensuring the yield of crop plants grown under multiple individual and/or combined stresses is essential to sustaining productivity. In this regard, the development of broad-spectrum stress-tolerant plants is important. However, to date information has largely been compiled only on the individual stress tolerance mechanisms, and the mechanisms behind plants’ tolerance to two or more individual or simultaneous stresses are not fully understood. Especially combinatorial stress, a new stress altogether, has only recently been made the object of systematic study. Now several research groups around the world have begun exploring the concurrent stress tolerance mechanisms under both biotic and abiotic stress combinations. This book presents contributions from various experts, highlighting the findings of their multiple individual and concurrent stress tolerance dissection studies.
Author: Paula Margaret Hauck
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arabidopsis thaliana
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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