Validation of a Battery of Mechanistic Methods Relevant for the Detection of Chemicals that Can Disrupt the Thyroid Hormone System PDF Download
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Author:
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ISBN: 9789268012574
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Chemicals that can disrupt the thyroid hormone (TH) system can be found in everyday products and are considered to be endocrine disruptors (EDs). For more than thirty years, the European Union (EU) has been working on EDs and has introduced legislative obligations aimed at phasing out EDs in water, industrial chemicals, plant protection products and biocides. This has so far led to the availability of in vitro test methods able to detect estrogen and androgen active chemicals. In 2014, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published the New Scoping Document on in vitro and ex vivo assays for the identification of modulators of thyroid hormone signalling. In line with the European Commission's policy on EDs and taking into account the information reported in the OECD scoping document, the European Commission's European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM) launched a validation study to validate a battery of thyroid-relevant mechanistic methods, which could be used as test methods within the OECD test guideline framework. In this validation study report, the organisation of the validation study, the mechanistic relevance of the assessed in vitro new approach methods (NAMs) and the achievements are described. The validation effort, complemented with efforts at international level, is aimed at contributing to mechanistic NAM data generation to support global regulatory processes to identify endocrine disrupting substances.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789268012574
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Chemicals that can disrupt the thyroid hormone (TH) system can be found in everyday products and are considered to be endocrine disruptors (EDs). For more than thirty years, the European Union (EU) has been working on EDs and has introduced legislative obligations aimed at phasing out EDs in water, industrial chemicals, plant protection products and biocides. This has so far led to the availability of in vitro test methods able to detect estrogen and androgen active chemicals. In 2014, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published the New Scoping Document on in vitro and ex vivo assays for the identification of modulators of thyroid hormone signalling. In line with the European Commission's policy on EDs and taking into account the information reported in the OECD scoping document, the European Commission's European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM) launched a validation study to validate a battery of thyroid-relevant mechanistic methods, which could be used as test methods within the OECD test guideline framework. In this validation study report, the organisation of the validation study, the mechanistic relevance of the assessed in vitro new approach methods (NAMs) and the achievements are described. The validation effort, complemented with efforts at international level, is aimed at contributing to mechanistic NAM data generation to support global regulatory processes to identify endocrine disrupting substances.
Author: Harry Salem
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203008790
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientist
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309064198
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toluene
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
Author: Antonino Belfiore
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319446745
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This volume provides comprehensive coverage of the current knowledge of the physiology of the endocrine system and hormone synthesis and release, transport, and action at the molecular and cellular levels. It presents essential as well as in-depth information of value to both medical students and specialists in Endocrinology, Gynecology, Pediatrics, and Internal Medicine. Although it is well established that the endocrine system regulates essential functions involved in growth, reproduction, and homeostasis, it is increasingly being recognized that this complex regulatory system comprises not only hormones secreted by the classic endocrine glands but also hormones and regulatory factors produced by many organs, and involves extensive crosstalk with the neural and immune system. At the same time, our knowledge of the molecular basis of hormone action has greatly improved. Understanding this complexity of endocrine physiology is crucial to prevent endocrine disorders, to improve the sensitivity of our diagnostic tools, and to provide the rationale for pharmacological, immunological, or genetic interventions. It is such understanding that this book is designed to foster.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264076247
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Book Description
This Test Guideline describes an amphibian metamorphosis assay intended to screen substances which may interfere with the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. The assay was validated with the species Xenopus laevis, which is ...
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chlordan
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309458625
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 423
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Book Description
To safeguard public health, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must keep abreast of new scientific information and emerging technologies so that it can apply them to regulatory decision-making. For decades the agency has dealt with questions about what animal-testing data to use to make predictions about human health hazards, how to perform dose-response extrapolations, how to identify and protect susceptible subpopulations, and how to address uncertainties. As alternatives to traditional toxicity testing have emerged, the agency has been faced with additional questions about how to incorporate data from such tests into its chemical assessments and whether such tests can replace some traditional testing methods. Endocrine active chemicals (EACs) have raised concerns that traditional toxicity-testing protocols might be inadequate to identify all potential hazards to human health because they have the ability to modulate normal hormone function, and small alterations in hormone concentrations, particularly during sensitive life stages, can have lasting and significant effects. To address concerns about potential human health effects from EACs at low doses, this report develops a strategy to evaluate the evidence for such low-dose effects.
Author: Beate Escher
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843393689
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
Part of Water Quality Set - Buy all four books and save over 30% on buying separately! Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment reviews the application of bioanalytical tools to the assessment of water quality including surveillance monitoring. The types of water included range from wastewater to drinking water, including recycled water, as well as treatment processes and advanced water treatment. Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment not only demonstrates applications but also fills in the background knowledge in toxicology/ecotoxicology needed to appreciate these applications. Each chapter summarises fundamental material in a targeted way so that information can be applied to better understand the use of bioanalytical tools in water quality assessment. Bioanalytical tools in Water Quality Assessment can be used by lecturers teaching academic and professional courses and also by risk assessors, regulators, experts, consultants, researchers and managers working in the water sector. It can also be a reference manual for environmental engineers, analytical chemists, and toxicologists. Authors: Beate Escher, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox), The University of Queensland, Australia, Frederic Leusch, Smart Water Research Facility (G51), Griffith University Gold Coast Campus, Australia. With contributions by Heather Chapman and Anita Poulsen
Author: John Risher
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 143793076X
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 457
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Book Description
Selenium (SE) and its compounds are used in photographic devices, gun gluing, plastics, paints, anti-dandruff shampoos, vitamin and mineral supp., fungicides, and glass. It is also used to prepare drugs and as a nutritional feed supp. for poultry and livestock. This profile includes: (a) The exam¿n. of toxicologic info. and epidemiologic evaluations on SE to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the chronic health effects; (b) A determination of whether adequate info. on the health effects of SE is avail. to determine levels of exposure that present a significant risk to human health (SRHH); and (c) Ident¿n. of toxicologic testing needed to identify the types of exposure that may present SRHH. Illus. A print on demand pub.
