Author: Matthieu Duchemin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 275
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Book Description
Les effluents industriels, agricoles et urbains, chargés en polluants divers, soumettent les écosystèmes marins côtiers à un risque écotoxicologique chronique. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, es effets toxiques des polluants sur le système immunitaire ont été étudiés chez tous les groupes écologiques, notamment chez les bivalves pour caractériser ce risque dans les écosystèmes aquatiques. Pour définir un cadre opérationnel de ces outils immunotoxicologiques, il a fallu d’abord étudier plusieurs questions méthodologiques. Ensuite, il convenait d’étudier l’impact des facteurs endogènes et environnementaux naturels sur le signal immunotoxique généré par un polluant. Dans le cadre d’une collaboration franco-québécoise, un suivi bisannuel, en France (Rade de Brest), chez la moule bleue, Mytilus edulis et chez l’huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas, a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle critique du sexe et du cycle reproducteur sur les variations saisonnières des paramètres immunitaires, au détriment des paramètres naturels de la colonne d’eau. En parallèle, deux série d’expositions « in tubo » de moules bleues, au Québec, à deux saisons différentes a également mis en évidence le rôle critique du sexe et du cycle reproducteur dans la mesure du signal immunotoxique des xénobiotiques, mais surtout dans la sensibilité immunotoxique. En conclusion, ces travaux ont permis de créer un cadre opérationnel d’utilisation des biomarqueurs immunotoxicologiques, pour l’évaluation du risque chimique dans les milieux marins côtiers. Mais ils ont également démontré l’importance capitale des facteurs endogènes étudiés pour évaluer, au plus juste, le danger des substances chimiques.
Author: Marine Breitwieser
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Le littoral est l'objet d'une contamination chimique chronique par de nombreux polluants (résidus de pesticides, résidus médicamenteux, métaux lourds...), qui sont toxiques et qui sont impliqués dans des problématiques de santé publique et de dégradations environnementales. Certains contaminants agissent à faibles doses, tandis que d'autres induisent des effets cocktails redoutables sur les organismes. Les principaux contaminants sont régulièrement dosés dans différents points stratégiques liés à la ressource en eau, surtout celle de distribution et dans certains aliments. Mais face au foisonnement des contaminants qui sont déversés dans l'environnement, il n'existe aucun système de veille efficace qui tienne compte de l'étendue réelle du problème. Par ailleurs, contrairement à ce qui existe pour l'homme, il n'y a pas de démarches finalisées et normalisables pour évaluer l'état de santé des invertébrés aquatiques, alors qu'ils représentent plus de 95% de la biodiversité. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse interdisciplinaire a consisté à évaluer l'impact des polluants chimiques sur des espèces littorales (frange littorale et zones portuaires). Un premier champ d'études a visé à mettre au point des méthodes efficaces pour évaluer la contamination des bivalves par des polluants organiques et inorganiques (volet écotoxicologie) ; un second volet a eu pour but d'analyser les effets biologiques des polluants en développant une utilisation conjointe de plusieurs biomarqueurs (volet écophysiologie). Ainsi, à l'image de ce qui est fait en santé publique, ce projet de thèse a défini pour la première fois plusieurs démarches analytiques et statistiques pour le suivi de la qualité de l'eau en milieu littoral.
Author: Stefan Posner
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289325623
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
This Tema Nord report presents a study based on open information and custom market research to review the most common perfluorinated substances (PFC) with less focus on PFOS and PFOA. The study includes three major parts:1) Identification of relevant per-and polyfluorinated substances and their use in various industrial sectors in the Nordic market by interviews with major players and database information; 2) Emissions to and occurence in the Nordic environment of the substances described in 1); 3) A summary of knowledge of the toxic effects on humans and the environment of substances prioritized in 2); There is a lack of physical chemical data, analystical reference substances, human and environmental occurrence and toxicology data, as well as market information regarding PFCs other than PFOA and PFOS and the current legislation cannot enforce disclosure of specific PFC substance information.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789240698345
Category : MEDICAL
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Claus D. Buergelt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470962844
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 565
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Book Description
Color Atlas of Equine Pathology offers a practical guide to identifying equine diseases, presenting a single resource with more than 1000 images showing predominantly gross pathology. Organized by body systems, the book allows for picture matching during or after an equine necropsy. In this user-friendly atlas, each chapter takes a common format, presenting the disease process as well as congenital, degenerative, inflammatory, and neoplastic sequences, with text boxes offering quick reference to key information. The book begins with an introductory chapter summarizing the principles of the equine field necropsy, and subsequent organ-based chapters depict gross features of disease, focusing on macroscopic digital images supplemented by histology and immunohistochemistry when necessary. Some clinical information for correlation with pathology is included. Color Atlas of Equine Pathology is an essential resource for diagnostic veterinary pathologists and pathology residents, as well as for equine practitioners performing necropsies in the field.
Author: Gesellschaft für Biologische Chemie. Colloquium
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hormone receptors
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821385631
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
This report provides the most comprehensive and rigorous analysis of Iraqi income and expenditure in several decades. The report makes extensive use of the Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey, the first nationwide income and expenditure survey since 1988. IHSES data is complemented income and expenditure data from a wide range of other measures of living standards, allowing us to analyze living standards in a holistic way. The analysis presented here was performed with two main goals first, to inform the Government s Poverty Reduction Strategy; and second, to serve as a baseline for future assessments of changes in living standards and the identification of critical issues for deeper examination. Iraqi living standards have two unusual characteristics. First, they have fallen over the past generation. Second, they feature surprisingly little inequality. These characteristics are both rooted in Iraq s recent history of authoritarian government, war, military occupation, insurgency, and civil strife leading to infrastructure destruction and population displacement. There have been few opportunities for individuals to prosper from professional or entrepreneurial activities. Decades of neglected investment have resulted in deterioration of social services and economic infrastructure. Consequently, individuals have lacked capabilities to prosper and an investment climate conducive to prosperity. School enrollment and life expectancy have declined. Extremely low returns to education reflect the combination of poor educational quality and lack of employment opportunities. In terms of economic infrastructure, access to reliable electricity and water, and even access to paved roads are low, are further reflections of decades of neglect. While the upper end of the distribution has been pulled down by a lack of opportunities, the lower end has been supported by direct government provision of food. The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides 85 percent of food needs. While PDS has been useful as a safety net for the poor and the vulnerable, the system is expensive, inefficient, and fiscally risky. Indeed, PDS food rations account for a far greater share of public spending than does education or health. Going forward, Iraq faces two main challenges. First, although Iraq does not have to develop from scratch, it faces a formidable challenge in re-development. Second, a shift by the Government is required from direct provision of basic subsistence toward investment in human capacities. The Government can provide an enabling environment through investments in economic infrastructure and services to business and citizens, thus allowing the population to make productive use of education and their own labor. Both challenges are now being taken up by the Poverty Reduction Strategy, which articulates a detailed set of required actions and outlines priorities for government spending.
Author: National Fire Protection Association
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781455920334
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Author: Christine Parent
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354030326X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 475
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Book Description
From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal features is expanding very rapidly. This book shows that a conceptual design approach for spatio-temporal databases is both feasible and easy to apprehend. While providing a firm basis through extensive discussion of traditional data modeling concepts, the major focus of the book is on modeling spatial and temporal information.
Author: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781455904167
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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