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Author: Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461438136
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Vibrational spectroscopy techniques, which have traditionally been used to provide non-destructive, rapid, and relevant information on microbial systematics, are useful for classification and identification. In conjunction with advanced chemometrics, infrared spectroscopy enables the biochemical signatures from microbiological structures to be extracted and analysed. In addition, a number of recent studies have shown that Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can help to understand the molecular basis of events, such as the adaptive tolerance responses expressed by bacteria when exposed to stress conditions in the environment, i.e. environments that cells confront in food and during food processing. The proposed Brief will discuss the published experimental techniques, data-processing algorithms, and approaches used in FT-IR spectroscopy to assist in the characterization and identification of microorganisms, to assess the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation by food processing technologies and antimicrobial compounds, to monitor the spore and membrane properties of foodborne pathogens in changing environments, to detect stress-injured microorganisms in food-related environments, to assess dynamic changes in bacterial populations, and to study bacterial tolerance responses.
Author: Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461438136
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Vibrational spectroscopy techniques, which have traditionally been used to provide non-destructive, rapid, and relevant information on microbial systematics, are useful for classification and identification. In conjunction with advanced chemometrics, infrared spectroscopy enables the biochemical signatures from microbiological structures to be extracted and analysed. In addition, a number of recent studies have shown that Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can help to understand the molecular basis of events, such as the adaptive tolerance responses expressed by bacteria when exposed to stress conditions in the environment, i.e. environments that cells confront in food and during food processing. The proposed Brief will discuss the published experimental techniques, data-processing algorithms, and approaches used in FT-IR spectroscopy to assist in the characterization and identification of microorganisms, to assess the mechanisms of bacterial inactivation by food processing technologies and antimicrobial compounds, to monitor the spore and membrane properties of foodborne pathogens in changing environments, to detect stress-injured microorganisms in food-related environments, to assess dynamic changes in bacterial populations, and to study bacterial tolerance responses.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
In recent years, analytical techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Mass Spectrometry hyphenated techniques such as GC/MS and HPLC/MS have been used to characterize microbiological materials. Instrumentation has improved over the years, because W. W. Coblentz initiated the use of IR for these types of studies around 1911. Recently, we have investigated the use of a Nicolet/Spectra Tech accessory called the "Thunderdome(Trademark)" to characterize/ differentiate various biological media. We discuss the utility of this data in assessing the applicability of active and passive FTIR as a detection and discrimination tool for the remote sensing of hazardous biological materials. The Thunderdome(Trademark) is a single reflectance Horizontal Attenuated Total Internal Reflectance (HATR) accessory that has a spherical sampling surface, usually a Germanium crystal, and is perfect for strong absorbers or "rugged" sampling surfaces. Time consuming sample preparation processes are eliminated. Samples were grown on nutrient agar media and cultured for 2 days. Samples were applied directly to the Thunderdome(Trademark) with a sterile cotton swab. The FTIR spectra was generated on the following bacteria: Agar (blank); Bacillus subtilis (vegetative); Bacillus subtilis (spores); Ochrobactrum anthropi (a gram negative organism); and Staphylococcus aureus (a gram positive organism). A Nicolet 800 FTIR instrument with a 680 Workstation was used. The Thunderdome(Trademark) is found to be a quick, forgiving accessory that allows samples to be applied with minimal effort and spectra to be generated in
Author: Sarah Pegram
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The aim of this work was to use Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to characterize and identify bacteria of particular significance to the food industry. FT-IR spectroscopy is a rapid technique that can be applied to all groups of bacteria. The two objectives were to determine a suitable sampling procedure to record a spectrum and to determine a suitable statistical technique to identify characteristic regions of the spectrum associated with the genus and, potentially, the species. Pure cultures of bacteria were grown in broth, suspended in saline and dried to produce a film on a halide salt crystal. These films were then used to produce FT-IR spectra. In total, 80 spectra were recorded from seven genera, seven species and four strains of bacteria. Some of the spectra were considered to be too low in intensity to be included in statistical analysis. Data points from three specific windows of the remaining spectra were used to determine spectral distances between spectra. These spectral distances were used to perform cluster analysis using Ward's method, the Complete Linkage method and the Centroid method. The statistical analysis created successful clusters for several of the species used but was inconclusive overall in being able to distinguish between spectra at the genus, species and strain level. This may be due to inconsistent growth of bacteria and insufficient manipulation of the data. This study has shown the potential for FT-IR spectroscopy to be used to identify bacteria with significance for food but further development is needed to reproduce the consistent results demonstrated in current literature.
Author: Sarah Pegram
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The aim of this work was to use Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to characterize and identify bacteria of particular significance to the food industry. FT-IR spectroscopy is a rapid technique that can be applied to all groups of bacteria. The two objectives were to determine a suitable sampling procedure to record a spectrum and to determine a suitable statistical technique to identify characteristic regions of the spectrum associated with the genus and, potentially, the species. Pure cultures of bacteria were grown in broth, suspended in saline and dried to produce a film on a halide salt crystal. These films were then used to produce FT-IR spectra. In total, 80 spectra were recorded from seven genera, seven species and four strains of bacteria. Some of the spectra were considered to be too low in intensity to be included in statistical analysis. Data points from three specific windows of the remaining spectra were used to determine spectral distances between spectra. These spectral distances were used to perform cluster analysis using Ward's method, the Complete Linkage method and the Centroid method. The statistical analysis created successful clusters for several of the species used but was inconclusive overall in being able to distinguish between spectra at the genus, species and strain level. This may be due to inconsistent growth of bacteria and insufficient manipulation of the data. This study has shown the potential for FT-IR spectroscopy to be used to identify bacteria with significance for food but further development is needed to reproduce the consistent results demonstrated in current literature.
Author: Sean Bryant
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Janice P. L. Kenney
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107070333
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
A comprehensive handbook outlining state-of-the-art analytical techniques used in geomicrobiology, for advanced students, researchers and professional scientists.
Author: Ali Navid
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781617798269
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Systems biology is the study of interactions between assorted components of biological systems with the aim of acquiring new insights into how organisms function and respond to different stimuli. Although more and more efforts are being directed toward examining systems biology in complex multi-cellular organisms, the bulk of system-level analyses conducted to date have focused on the biology of microbes. In, Microbial Systems Biology: Methods and Protocols expert researchers in the field describe the utility and attributes of different tools (both experimental and computational) that are used for studying microbial systems. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Microbial Systems Biology: Methods and Protocols introduces and aids scientists in using the various tools that are currently available for analysis, modification and utilization of microbial organisms.
Author: Andrew Ghetler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Jonah Prévost Kirkwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
"The application of infrared imaging employing focal plane array Fourier transform infrared (FPA-FTIR) instrumentation for the identification of bacteria was investigated. FPA-FTIR spectroscopy was shown to provide new opportunities for bacteria identification with unprecedented reliability and throughput by allowing 102--103 FTIR spectra to be acquired simultaneously from surface areas of 90 x 90 to 200 x 200 mum with a spatial resolution of ∼6 mum. The combination of data redundancy and spatial resolution afforded by infrared imaging made it possible to acquire highly reproducible spectra from bacterial films. A protocol for enhancing the reliability of bacteria identification by transmission-mode FPA-FTIR spectroscopy was developed by optimizing spectral acquisition parameters, spectral processing and data analysis; using the differentiation of two Campylobacter species as a test case. The results for this test case were compared with those obtained from three alternate FTIR spectral acquisition modes. The optimized protocol was employed for the generation of a spectral database of foodborne bacteria, containing over 1,000,000 spectra acquired by infrared imaging of 36 species from 19 genera. The development of a modular hierarchical clustering (MHC) model, in combination with the use of a region selection algorithm, allowed all species in the database to be differentiated from each other down to the species level based on differences in their infrared absorption profiles. A validation study involving the identification of well-characterized isolates by comparison of their spectra to those in the database demonstrated the robustness of the MHC model. In a further study employing 44 strains of Clostridium botulinum, the discriminatory power of FPA-FTIR spectroscopy was compared with that of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the region selection algorithm was applied to identify growth medium-independent spectral regions that allowed for the differentiation of Group I and Group II C. botulinum strains in two blind validation studies. The research carried out also demonstrated the high-throughput potential of bacteria identification by infrared imaging when combined with the use of a microarray system for sample deposition. Overall, the novel FPA-FTIR spectroscopy-based bacteria identification protocol developed in this work provides a rapid-response and reagent-free technique suitable for routine use in both food and clinical microbiology laboratories." --
Author: Peter R. Griffiths
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470106298
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
A bestselling classic reference, now expanded and updated to cover the latest instrumentation, methods, and applications The Second Edition of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry brings this core reference up to date on the uses of FT-IR spectrometers today. The book starts with an in-depth description of the theory and current instrumentation of FT-IR spectrometry, with full chapters devoted to signal-to-noise ratio and photometric accuracy. Many diverse types of sampling techniques and data processing routines, most of which can be performed on even the less expensive instruments, are then described. Extensively updated, the Second Edition: * Discusses improvements in optical components * Features a full chapter on FT Raman Spectrometry * Contains new chapters that focus on different ways of measuring spectra by FT-IR spectrometry, including fourteen chapters on such techniques as microspectroscopy, internal and external reflection, and emission and photoacoustic spectrometry * Includes a new chapter introducing the theory of vibrational spectrometry * Organizes material according to sampling techniques Designed to help practitioners using FT-IR capitalize on the plethora of techniques for modern FT-IR spectrometry and plan their experimental procedures correctly, this is a practical, hands-on reference for chemists and analysts. It's also a great resource for students who need to understand the theory, instrumentation, and applications of FT-IR.
