Upper Ocean Response to Strong Atmospheric Forcing PDF Download
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Author: L. M. Rothstein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Meteorology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: L. M. Rothstein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Meteorology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: K. J. Richards
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Craig M. Lee
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ISBN:
Category : Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Author: S. Marullo
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ISBN:
Category : Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution June 2010.
Author: Katherine E. Silverthorne
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Observational and modeling techniques are employed to investigate the thermal and inertial upper ocean response to wind and buoyancy forcing in the North Atlantic Ocean. First, the seasonal kinetic energy variability of near-inertial motions observed with a moored profiler is described. Observed wintertime enhancement and surface intensification of near-inertial kinetic energy support previous work suggesting that near-inertial motions are predominantly driven by surface forcing. The wind energy input into surface ocean near-inertial motions is estimated using the Price-Weller- Pinkel (PWP) one-dimensional mixed layer model. A localized depth-integrated model consisting of a wind forcing term and a dissipation parameterization is developed and shown to have skill capturing the seasonal cycle and order of magnitude of the near-inertial kinetic energy. Focusing in on wintertime storm passage, velocity and density records from drifting profiling floats (EM-APEX) and a meteorological spar buoy/tethered profiler system (ASIS/FILIS) deployed in the Gulf Stream in February 2007 as part of the CLIvar MOde water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE) were analyzed. Despite large surface heat loss during cold air outbreaks and the drifting nature of the instruments, changes in the upper ocean heat content were found in a mixed layer heat balance to be controlled primarily by the relative advection of temperature associated with the strong vertical shear of the Gulf Stream. Velocity records from the Gulf Stream exhibited energetic near-inertial oscillations with frequency that was shifted below the local resting inertial frequency. This depression of frequency was linked to the presence of the negative vorticity of the background horizontal current shear, implying the potential for near-inertial wave trapping in the Gulf Stream region through the mechanism described by Kunze and Sanford (1984). Three-dimensional PWP model simulations show evidence of near-inertial wave trapping in the Gulf Stream jet, and are used to quantify the resulting mixing and the effect on the stratification in the Eighteen Degree Water formation region.
Author: Qian Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric circulation
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Author: Norman Thomas Camp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oceanography
Languages : en
Pages : 173
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The role of strong atmospheric forcing events in determining the evolution of the upper ocean during the fall and early winter cooling season was investigated. The historical series of surface and near-surface marine observations at three mid-latitude ocean weather ships (PAPA (OWS P), NOVEMBER (OWS N), and VICTOR (OWS V)) support the hypothesis that the integrated effects of these events dominate this evolution. For example, periods when the mechanical forcing was greater than the long-term mean accounted for approximately 35% of the time in the record examined at the three stations. However 85%/68%/57% of the sea-surface temperature change at OWS N/OWS P/OWS V occurred during these periods. Forty-nine data sets were examined and modeled during periods of intense fall and winter forcing. The significant thermal structure modifications observed during these strong events were simulated successfully using three modifications of the Kraus and Turner (1967) one- dimensional model. Evidence is presented which demonstrates that the amount of mechanically-generated turbulent kinetic energy available for entrainment decreases as the mixed-layer depth increases. Furthermore, in agreement with Gill and Turner (1976), these case studies suggest that only a small percentage of the convectively-generated turbulent kinetic energy is available for increasing the potential energy of the ocean by entrainment. (Author).
Author: Sharon Dill Raney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ocean temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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The hypothesis that both the timing and magnitude of strong and weak atmospheric forcing events can have a significant effect on the seasonal evolution of the upper ocean thermal structure is investigated. Long time series of observations of meteorological data from ocean weather ships P, V, and N in the north Pacific Ocean are used to summarize the characteristics of the atmospheric forcing and the coean thermal response during the January to August period. The forcing is expressed in terms of u*3, where u* is the atmospheric friction velocity, and in terms of the upward heat flux. Although the total input of the three-hourly u*3 is quite different at all three stations, about 20% of the largest u*3 values contribute 50% of the accumulated u*3 and 50% account for 17% of the total at each station. Synoptic forcing events are defined as sustained periods during which the daily mean forcing exceeds the long-term mean. Between 68 and 75% of the total u*3 occurs during roughly one-third of the time associated with synoptic forcing events defined in terms of u*3. A significant fraction of the sea-surface temperature increase occurs during periods of low wind speed, rather than periods of excessive insolation. (Author).
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123757215
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 658
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Book Description
Elements of Physical Oceanography is a derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Second Edition and serves as an important reference on current physical oceanography knowledge and expertise in one convenient and accessible source. Its selection of articles—all written by experts in their field—focuses on ocean physics, air-sea transfers, waves, mixing, ice, and the processes of transfer of properties such as heat, salinity, momentum and dissolved gases, within and into the ocean. Elements of Physical Oceanography serves as an ideal reference for topical research. References related articles in physical oceanography to facilitate further research Richly illustrated with figures and tables that aid in understanding key concepts Includes an introductory overview and then explores each topic in detail, making it useful to experts and graduate-level researchers Topical arrangement makes it the perfect desk reference
