Updated Uranium Fuel Cycle Environmental Impacts for Advanced Reactor Designs PDF Download
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Author: R. Nitschke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
The purpose of this project was to update the environmental impacts from the uranium fuel cycle for select advanced (GEN III+) reactor designs.
Author: R. Nitschke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Book Description
The purpose of this project was to update the environmental impacts from the uranium fuel cycle for select advanced (GEN III+) reactor designs.
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Radiation Programs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Fuels and Materials
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Uranium industry
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Radiation Programs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Radiation Programs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Radiation Programs
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Author: National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 9780309295086
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The United States has deployed commercial nuclear power since the 1950s, and as of 2021, nuclear power accounts for approximately 20 percent of U.S. electricity generation. The current commercial nuclear fleet consists entirely of thermal-spectrum, light water reactors operating with low-enriched uranium dioxide fuel in a once-through fuel cycle. In recent years, the U.S. Congress, U.S. Department of Energy, and private sector have expressed considerable interest in developing and deploying advanced nuclear reactors to augment, and possibly replace, the U.S. operating fleet of reactors, nearly all of which will reach the end of their currently licensed operating lives by 2050. Much of this interest stems from the potential ability of advanced reactors and their associated fuel cycles - as claimed by their designers and developers - to provide a number of advantages, such as improvements in economic competitiveness, reductions in environmental impact via better natural resource utilization and/or lower waste generation, and enhancements in nuclear safety and proliferation resistance. At the request of Congress, this report explores merits and viability of different nuclear fuel cycles, including fuel cycles that may use reprocessing, for both existing and advanced reactor technologies; and waste management (including transportation, storage, and disposal options) for advanced reactors, and in particular, the potential impact of advanced reactors and their fuel cycles on waste generation and disposal.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 584
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The objective of this report is to identify new basic science that will be the foundation for advances in nuclear fuel-cycle technology in the near term, and for changing the nature of fuel cycles and of the nuclear energy industry in the long term. The goals are to enhance the development of nuclear energy, to maximize energy production in nuclear reactor parks, and to minimize radioactive wastes, other environmental impacts, and proliferation risks. The limitations of the once-through fuel cycle can be overcome by adopting a closed fuel cycle, in which the irradiated fuel is reprocessed and its components are separated into streams that are recycled into a reactor or disposed of in appropriate waste forms. The recycled fuel is irradiated in a reactor, where certain constituents are partially transmuted into heavier isotopes via neutron capture or into lighter isotopes via fission. Fast reactors are required to complete the transmutation of long-lived isotopes. Closed fuel cycles are encompassed by the Department of Energy?s Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI), to which basic scientific research can contribute. Two nuclear reactor system architectures can meet the AFCI objectives: a?single-tier? system or a?dual-tier? system. Both begin with light water reactors and incorporate fast reactors. The?dual-tier? systems transmute some plutonium and neptunium in light water reactors and all remaining transuranic elements (TRUs) in a closed-cycle fast reactor. Basic science initiatives are needed in two broad areas:? Near-term impacts that can enhance the development of either?single-tier? or?dual-tier? AFCI systems, primarily within the next 20 years, through basic research. Examples: Dissolution of spent fuel, separations of elements for TRU recycling and transmutation Design, synthesis, and testing of inert matrix nuclear fuels and non-oxide fuels Invention and development of accurate on-line monitoring systems for chemical and nuclear species in the nuclear fuel cycle Development of advanced tools for designing reactors with reduced margins and lower costs? Long-term nuclear reactor development requires basic science breakthroughs: Understanding of materials behavior under extreme environmental conditions Creation of new, efficient, environmentally benign chemical separations methods Modeling and simulation to improve nuclear reaction cross-section data, design new materials and separation system, and propagate uncertainties within the fuel cycle Improvement of proliferation resistance by strengthening safeguards technologies and decreasing the attractiveness of nuclear materials A series of translational tools is proposed to advance the AFCI objectives and to bring the basic science concepts and processes promptly into the technological sphere. These tools have the potential to revolutionize the approach to nuclear engineering R & D by replacing lengthy experimental campaigns with a rigorous approach based on modeling, key fundamental experiments, and advanced simulations.
