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Author: Anna Marion Bieri
Publisher: Mohr Siebeck
ISBN: 3161612698
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
Who owns inventions developed at US research universities? And who benefits from the current ownership regime? To answer these questions, Anna Marion Bieri discusses the transformation which has taken place in academia in regard to the involvement and commercialisation of patents and the effect university patenting has had on the academic mission and the scientific commons. Special emphasis is placed on the history and implementation of the Bayh-Dole Act - a widely-discussed law which facilitated the patenting and commercialisation of federally funded university inventions. On this basis, the author explores who should benefit from university inventions and how the current ownership regime should be modified to achieve this purpose. Finally, Anna Marion Bieri proposes that universities employ patents strategically in accordance with their research strengths.
Author: Anna Marion Bieri
Publisher: Mohr Siebeck
ISBN: 3161612698
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
Who owns inventions developed at US research universities? And who benefits from the current ownership regime? To answer these questions, Anna Marion Bieri discusses the transformation which has taken place in academia in regard to the involvement and commercialisation of patents and the effect university patenting has had on the academic mission and the scientific commons. Special emphasis is placed on the history and implementation of the Bayh-Dole Act - a widely-discussed law which facilitated the patenting and commercialisation of federally funded university inventions. On this basis, the author explores who should benefit from university inventions and how the current ownership regime should be modified to achieve this purpose. Finally, Anna Marion Bieri proposes that universities employ patents strategically in accordance with their research strengths.
Author: Charles Weiner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309161118
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
Thirty years ago federal policy underwent a major change through the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, which fostered greater uniformity in the way research agencies treat inventions arising from the work they sponsor. Before the Act, if government agencies funded university research, the funding agency retained ownership of the knowledge and technologies that resulted. However, very little federally funded research was actually commercialized. As a result of the Act's passage, patenting and licensing activity from such research has accelerated. Although the system created by the Act has remained stable, it has generated debate about whether it might impede other forms of knowledge transfer. Concerns have also arisen that universities might prioritize commercialization at the expense of their traditional mission to pursue fundamental knowledge-for example, by steering research away from curiosity-driven topics toward applications that could yield financial returns. To address these concerns, the National Research Council convened a committee of experts from universities, industry, foundations, and similar organizations, as well as scholars of the subject, to review experience and evidence of the technology transfer system's effects and to recommend improvements. The present volume summarizes the committee's principal findings and recommendations.
Author: Samantha Bernstein-Sierra
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119377749
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 103
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Book Description
Explore the different forms that intellectual property (IP) has taken in higher education in recent years and how to navigate the changing landscape for faculty members and university administrators. Due to technological advancements and the rise of neo-liberal policies influenced by academic capitalism, faculty members are finding their rights being renegotiated, often without their input. Through patents, copyrights, distance education programs and MOOCS, universities and publishers are seeking to gain a competitive advantage in a market largely dominated by profit generation. All this is putting the university’s public mission in tension with increasingly profit-driven university management practices. This volume: Presents policy trends in university IP regulation over the past 40 years, Examines the utility of IP rights in higher education, Considers the implications of knowledge ownership in the academic profession. and Details the IP barriers that faculty encounter when attempting to share their work. This is the 177th volume of the Jossey-Bass quarterly report series New Directions for Higher Education. Addressed to presidents, vice presidents, deans, and other higher education decision makers on all kinds of campuses, it provides timely information and authoritative advice about major issues and administrative problems confronting every institution.
Author: Archie MacInnes Palmer
Publisher: National Academies
ISBN:
Category : Patents
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Author: Jerry Gilbert Thursby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education, Higher
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
This paper examines the empirical anomaly that in a sample of 5811 patents on which US faculty are listed as inventors, 26% of the patents are assigned solely to firms rather than to the faculty member's university as is dictated by US university employment policies or the Bayh Dole Act. In this paper we estimate a series of probability models of assignment as a function of patent characteristics, university policy, and inventor fields in order to examine the extent to which outside assignment is nefarious or comes from legitimate activities, such as consulting. Patents assigned to firms (whether established or start-ups with inventor as principal) are less basic than those assigned to universities suggesting these patents result from faculty consulting. A higher inventor share increases the likelihood of university assignment as compared with assignment to a firm in which the inventor is a principal but it has no effect on consulting with established firms versus assignment to the university. Faculty in the physical sciences and engineering are more likely to assign their patents to established firms than those in biological sciences.
Author: American Association of University Professors American Association of University Professors
Publisher: University of Illinois Press
ISBN: 0252096584
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
The reputation of a college or institution depends upon the integrity of its faculty and administration. Though budgets are important, ethics are vital, and a host of new ethical problems now beset higher education. From MOOCS and intellectual property rights to drug industry payments and conflicts of interest, this book offers AAUP policy language and best practices to deal with all the campus-wide challenges of today's corporate university: • Preserving the integrity of research and public respect for higher education • Eliminating and managing individual and institutional financial conflicts of interest • Maintaining unbiased hiring and recruitment policies • Establishing grievance procedures and due process rights for faculty, graduate students, and academic professionals • Mastering the complications of negotiations over patents and copyright • Assuring the ethics of research involving human subjects. In a time of dynamic change Recommended Principles to Guide Academy-Industry Relationships offers an indispensable and authoritative guide to sustaining integrity and tradition while achieving great things in twenty-first century academia.
Author: Jerry G. Thursby
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
This paper examines the empirical anomaly that in a sample of 5811 patents on which US faculty are listed as inventors, 26% of the patents are assigned solely to firms rather than to the faculty member's university as is dictated by US university employment policies or the Bayh Dole Act. In this paper we estimate a series of probability models of assignment as a function of patent characteristics, university policy, and inventor fields in order to examine the extent to which outside assignment is nefarious or comes from legitimate activities, such as consulting. Patents assigned to firms (whether established or start-ups with inventor as principal) are less basic than those assigned to universities suggesting these patents result from faculty consulting. A higher inventor share increases the likelihood of university assignment as compared with assignment to a firm in which the inventor is a principal but it has no effect on consulting with established firms versus assignment to the university. Faculty in the physical sciences and engineering are more likely to assign their patents to established firms than those in biological sciences.
Author: Brian J. Love
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Studies of the costs and benefits of university patent ownership have, to date, focused on life sciences technology. Increasingly, however, many of the most lucrative university-owned patents relate to computing and telecommunications, not genes or pharmaceuticals. In 2007, a University of California spin-off named Eolas settled a patent suit with Microsoft for $100 million. In 2010, Cornell University won a $184 million jury verdict against Hewlett-Packard in a case that later settled on confidential terms. And most recently, in 2014, Carnegie Mellon University received a $1.5 billion judgment -- one of the largest patent damages awards in history -- in an ongoing suit against Marvell Semiconductors. As universities shift their focus in the patent arena, so too must those studying tech transfer. Commentators generally agree that the costs and benefits of the patent system vary greatly across industries and many place the high-tech and bio-tech industries at opposite ends of that spectrum. Accordingly, universities would be well advised to reassess the costs and benefits of their own tech transfer programs as they allocate more resources to high-tech patenting. This Article examines the pros and cons of university patenting in the high-tech field by reporting the findings of a survey of professors at major U.S. universities who teach and research in the areas of computer science and electrical engineering. Among other findings, survey responses suggest that: - Patenting high-tech inventions made on university campuses may not be a profitable undertaking, even at those universities best-positioned to profit from tech transfer. Based on the patenting and licensing activities of survey respondents, I estimate that university patent programs collectively earn a negative rate of return -- an overall loss of more than three percent -- on funds invested in high-tech patenting. - The prospect of obtaining patent rights to the fruits of their research does not appear to motivate university researchers in high-tech fields to conduct more or better research. Eighty-five percent of professors report that patent rights are not among the top four factors motivating their research activities. Moreover, fifty-seven percent of professors report that they do not know how, or if at all, their university shares licensing revenue with inventors. - University patent programs may, instead, actually reduce the quantity and quality of university research in high-tech fields by harming professors' ability to obtain research funding, to collaborate with faculty from other institutions, and to disseminate their work to their colleagues. - University patent programs seem to be, at best, a modest benefit to professors seeking to commercialize high-tech academic research. Entrepreneurial professors report that these programs hinder their ability to work as consultants with companies that show interest in their research, and fewer than half of university spin-off founders report that the ability to patent their research affirmatively helped their commercialization efforts.
Author: Adam B. Jaffe
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262600651
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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Book Description
A study of how patents and citation data can serve empirical research on innovation and technological change.
