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Author: Tadanobu Nakayama
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Author: Tadanobu Nakayama
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Carlo Gualtieri
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203895355
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
An environmental interface is defined as a surface between two abiotic or biotic systems, in relative motion and exchanging mass, heat and momentum through biophysical and/or chemical processes. These processes fluctuate temporally and spatially. The book first treats exchange processes occurring at the interfaces between atmosphere and the surface
Author: Carlo Gualtieri
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0415621569
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502
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Book Description
Environmental Fluid Mechanics (EFM) studies the motion of air and water at several different scales, the fate and transport of species carried along by these fluids, and the interactions among those flows and geological, biological, and engineered systems. EFM emerged some decades ago as a response to the need for tools to study problems of flow and transport in rivers, estuaries, lakes, groundwater and the atmosphere; it is a topic of increasing importance for decision makers, engineers, and researchers alike. The second edition of the successful textbook "Fluid Mechanics of Environmental Interfaces" is still aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of fluid mechanical processes occurring at the different interfaces existing in the realm of EFM, such as the air-water interface, the air-land interface, the water-sediment interface, the surface water-groundwater interface, the water-vegetation interface, and the water-biological systems interface. Across any of these interfaces mass, momentum, and heat are exchanged through different fluid mechanical processes over various spatial and temporal scales. In this second edition, the unique feature of this book, considering all the topics from the point of view of the concept of environmental interface, was maintained while the chapters were updated and five new chapters have been added to significantly enlarge the coverage of the subject area. The book starts with a chapter introducing the concept of EFM and its scope, scales, processes and systems. Then, the book is structured in three parts with fifteen chapters. Part one, which is composed of four chapters, covers the processes occurring at the interfaces between the atmosphere and the surface of the land and the seas, including the transport of dust and the dispersion of passive substances within the atmosphere. Part two deals in five chapters with the fluid mechanics at the air-water interface at small scales and sediment-water interface, including the advective diffusion of air bubbles, the hyporheic exchange and the tidal bores. Finally, part three discusses in six chapters the processes at the interfaces between fluids and biotic systems, such as transport processes in the soil-vegetation-lower atmosphere system, turbulence and wind above and within the forest canopy, flow and mass transport in vegetated open channels, transport processes to and from benthic plants and animals and coupling between interacting environmental interfaces. Each chapter has an educational part, which is structured in four sections: a synopsis of the chapter, a list of keywords that the reader should have encountered in the chapter, a list of questions and a list of unsolved problems related to the topics covered by the chapter. The book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in environmental sciences, civil engineering and environmental engineering, (geo)physics, atmospheric science, meteorology, limnology, oceanography, and applied mathematics.
Author: Sean Patrick McKenna
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas dynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
This thesis investigates the physical mechanisms of air-water gas transfer through direct measurements of turbulence at the air-water interface. To enable this study, a new approach to the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is developed in order to quantify free-surface flows. PIV measurements of free-surface turbulence are performed with concurrent measurements of gas transfer in a specially constructed oscillating grid-stirred tank for a range of turbulent mixing and surface conditions. Surface turbulence, vorticity, divergence, and gas transfer are all affected by the presence of a surface film, with significant effects realized for relatively small surface pressures. Results show that while a relationship between surface turbulence and the gas-transfer velocity is an obvious improvement over that found using an estimate of the bulk flow turbulence, this relationship is dependent on the flow regime. However, the data from the grid turbulence experiments, and additional data from experiments with waves, can be reconciled by a single relationship between the gas-transfer velocity and the 1/2-power of the surface divergence, which agrees with previous conceptual models. These results demonstrate the important role of surface divergence in air-water gas exchange, and relate, in a physically meaningful way, the interactions between surface renewal, surfactants, and gas transfer.
Author: J.H.W. Lee
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 148226286X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2342
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Book Description
This two-volume set, with cd-rom, comprises the Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics & the 14th Congress of Asia and Pacific Division, International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research held in December 2004 in Hong Kong. Volume 1 covers the selected papers presented at the 4th Internation
Author: Alun Thomas
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0415365465
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2354
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Book Description
Practising engineers on site, in the design office or in client organizations will find this book an excellent introduction to the design and construction of sprayed concrete lined (SCL) tunnels. The complex behaviour of the early age behaviour of the sprayed concrete requires careful management. This book covers all aspects of SCL tunnelling – from the constituents of sprayed concrete to detailed design and management during construction. Although there is a close interdependence between all the facets of sprayed concrete, few engineers have the right breadth of experience and expertise, and this urgently needs to be transferred to the wider engineering community. Disseminating essential information for tunnelling engineers, Sprayed Concrete Lined Tunnels is key reading for all involved in or studying the process.
Author: M. A. Donelan
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 410
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Book Description
The book discusses the complex phenomena of gas transfer processes within the sciences of fluid dynamics and biogeochemistry. It covers: 1.) Effects of surface waves and turbulence on gas transfer. 2.) Effects of buoyancy and surfactants on gas transfer. 3.) Gas gransfer in strong turbulent flows. 4.) Remote sensing for large-scale gas transfer. 5.) gas transfer by aeration.
Author: Harindra Joseph Fernando
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466591145
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1197
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Book Description
With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, this two-volume handbook presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the field, along with critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering aspects. The first volume provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, and the second volume explores the interactions between engineered structures and natural flows.
Author: Satoru Komori
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gas-liquid interfaces
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author: Harindra Joseph Fernando
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439816697
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 638
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Book Description
With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, the two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the study of environmental motions. It also offers critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering. The handbook features 81 chapters written by 135 renowned researchers from around the world. Covering environmental, policy, biological, and chemical aspects, it tackles important cross-disciplinary topics such as sustainability, ecology, pollution, micrometeorology, and limnology. Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles. It starts with general topics that emphasize the relevance of environmental fluid dynamics research in society, public policy, infrastructure, quality of life, security, and the law. It then discusses established and emerging focus areas. The volume also examines the sub-mesoscale flow processes and phenomena that form the building blocks of environmental motions, with emphasis on turbulent motions and their role in heat, momentum, and species transport. As communities face existential challenges posed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and scarcity of water and energy, the study of environmental fluid dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This volume is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and policymakers working to better understand the fundamentals of environmental motions and how they affect and are influenced by anthropogenic activities. See also Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics, Two-Volume Set and Volume Two: Systems, Pollution, Modeling, and Measurements.
