Author: Eric Matthew Small
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genetic transcription
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Masaki Ieda
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319561065
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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Book Description
This Volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology offers a comprehensive and exciting, state-of-the-art work on the current options and potentials of cardiac regeneration and repair. Several techniques and approaches have been developed for heart failure repair: direct injection of cells, programming of scar tissue into functional myocardium, and tissue-engineered heart muscle support. The book introduces the rationale for these different approaches in cell-based heart regeneration and discusses the most important considerations for clinical translation. Expert authors discuss when, why, and how heart muscle can be salvaged. The book represents a valuable resource for stem cell researchers, cardiologists, bioengineers, and biomedical scientists studying cardiac function and regeneration.

Author: Richard P. Harvey
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 9780123298607
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 574

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Book Description
Contributors. -- Preface. -- C. Seidman, Introduction. -- I. Origins and Early Morphogenesis: -- P.P.L. Tam and G.C. Schoenwolf, Cardiac Fate Maps: Lineage Allocation, Morphogenetic Movement, and Cell Commitment. -- T. Mikawa, Cardiac Lineages. -- II. Cardiac Induction: -- T.J. Mohun and L.M. Leong, Heart Formation and the Heart Field in Amphibian Embryos. -- T.M. Schultheiss and A.B. Lassar, Vertebrate Heart Induction. -- III. Genetic Dissection of Heart Development: -- R. Bodmer and M. Frasch, Genetic Determination in Drosophilia Heart Development. -- J. Alexander and D.Y.R. Stainier, Mutations Affecting Cardiac Development in Zebrafish. -- R.P. Harvey, C. Biben, and D.A. Elliott, Transcriptional Control and Pattern Formation in the Developing Vertebrate Heart: Studies on NK-2 Class Homeodomain Factors. -- B.L. Black and E.N. Olson, Control of Cardiac Development by the Family of MEF2 Transcription Factors. -- D. Srivastava, Segmental Regulation of Cardiac Development by the Basic He ...

Author: Fei Lu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172

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Book Description
Cardiac morphogenesis and the maintenance of cardiac physiology require complex and well-orchestrated cardiac transcription programs. Misregulation of cardiac transcription programs leads to severe developmental defects, and is associated with human congenital heart diseases (CHD). To better understand the transcription program governing normal heart development, my research focused specifically on two essential genes for vertebrate heart development: tbx20 that encodes a cardiac transcription factor and rtf1 that encodes a multifunctional transcription regulatory protein. First, I reported the identification of a zebrafish tbx20 null mutation that causes severe cardiac progenitor defects, highlighting a previously unappreciated role for Tbx20 in promoting vertebrate cardiogenesis. I also revealed a novel function of Tbx20 in enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation as a transcriptional activator. Second, I found that loss of Rtf1, a RNA polymerase II associated factor 1 (PAF1C) complex component, suppresses the cardiac transcription program and prevents the formation of cardiac progenitors. I discovered that Rtf1 controls cardiac progenitor formation and heart tube morphogenesis via two independent mechanisms: Rtf1 pushes multi-potent mesodermal cells to a cardiac fate through activating the cardiac transcription program and Rtf1 supports cardiomyocyte differentiation and heart tube morphogenesis by modulating the epigenome. Lastly, I found that cardiomyocyte-specific ablation of rtf1 in adult mouse heart leads to dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Expression of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, myofibrillar proteins, mitochondrial proteins and ion channels were significantly downregulated in rtf1-deficent hearts, suggesting that Rtf1 is an important regulator of the cardiac gene program that maintains myofibril integrity and cardiac function. Taken together, my studies provide new insights into the regulation of cardiac transcription program in developing and mature myocardium, and presents new candidate genes for CHD and cardiac dysfunction in humans.

Author: Brian L. Nelms
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 161504048X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 227

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Book Description
The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies

Author: Benoit G. Bruneau
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781621823582
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Development of the heart is a complex process and can lead to serious congenital disease if the process goes awry. This book provides a detailed description of the cell lineages involved in heart development and how their migration and morphogenesis are controlled. It also examines the genetic and environmental bases for congenital heart disease and how model systems are revealing more about the processes involved. Topics covered in this essential volume include: - Anatomy of a Developing Heart - Genetic and Epigenetic Control of Heart Development - Development of the Cardiac Conduction System - Genetic Basis of Human Congenital Heart Disease - In Vivo and In Vitro Genetic Models of Congenital Heart Disease

Author: Yanlin Ma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Book Description
ABSTRACT: Heart disease is a major cause of death in human. Finding out the key factors which initiate cardiac progenitor cells proliferation, differentiation, commitment and determination is very important for generating cell therapeutic methods. Histone modifications play important role in regulating mammalian development. These modifications were found to be related to chromatin remodeling and activation of gene transcription or gene silencing. Among them, tri methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me[superscript 3] is especially interesting because it is highly correlated with transcriptional initiation and plays a key role in regulating development potential during the differentiation of ES cells and multiple progenitor cells. However, the precise mechanisms of how those histone modifications correlate with individual gene expression are not well understood. Smyd1 is a MYND and split SET domain containing protein. It is critical for heart generation. However, how Smyd1 exacts its biological activity is not clear. Although yeast two hybrid assay revealed that Smyd1 might repress gene expression by interacting with HDACs, there was no information describing the downstream targets. Meanwhile, Smyd1 could also catalyze H3K3me[superscript 3] through its split SET domain in vitro, but the significance of H3K4me[superscript 3] induced by Smyd1 in vivo has yet to be determined. In order to understand the mechanism of Smyd1 in regulating cardiac development, I generated heart specific Smyd1 ablation mice by crossing Smyd1-LoxP mice with Nkx2.5Cre mice. Nkx2.5[superscript Cre.], Smyd1[supercript lox/lox] mutants died before E10.5 and showed truncated outflow tract and right ventricle. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed that losing of Smyd1 affected a lot of cardiac factors, such as IsI1, Tbx1, Mef2c, ANF, [Beta]-MHC, Fgf8, BNP and et al. Among them, Islet1 (IsI1), a key factor reguired for forming the heart field, was downregulated in Smyd1Knockout mice. Further study showed that Smyd1 bound to the motif "CCCTCC" of IsI1 promoter and facilitated the K3K4me3 on that region, resulting in the activation of IsI1. In addition, the association between Dmyd1 and ASH2L, an important non-catalytic cofactor for trimethylation, could increase the activity of Smyd1 on IsI1 promoter. Those results strongly suggested that Smyd1 positively regulated IsI1 in cardiac development. Meanwhile, Smyd1 bound to the ANF promoter and inhibited the expression of ANF through association with HDACs. These findings demonstrate that Smyd1 is an essential upstram epigenetic regulator during early heart morphogenesis.

Author: Yimin Zou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 358

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Author: Eric H. Davidson
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080525598
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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Book Description
The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in recent years. Because evolution is such a highly debated topic, a biologically oriented discussion will appeal not only to scientists and biologists but also to the interested lay person. This topic will always be a subject of controversy and therefore any breaking information regarding it is of great interest.The author is a recognized expert in the field of developmental biology and has been instrumental in elucidating the relationship between biology and evolution. The study of evolution is of interest to many different kinds of people and Genomic Regulatory Systems: In Development and Evolution is written at a level that is very easy to read and understand even for the nonscientist. * Contents Include* Regulatory Hardwiring: A Brief Overview of the Genomic Control Apparatus and Its Causal Role in Development and Evolution * Inside the Cis-Regulatory Module: Control Logic and How the Regulatory Environment Is Transduced into Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression* Regulation of Direct Cell-Type Specification in Early Development* The Secret of the Bilaterians: Abstract Regulatory Design in Building Adult Body Parts* Changes That Make New Forms: Gene Regulatory Systems and the Evolution of Body Plans

Author: Eran Meshorer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441970371
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 246

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Book Description
Stem cells have been gaining a lot of attention in recent years. Their unique potential to self-renew and differentiate has turned them into an attractive model for the study of basic biological questions such as cell division, replication, transcription, cell fate decisions, and more. With embryonic stem (ES) cells that can generate each cell type in the mammalian body and adult stem cells that are able to give rise to the cells within a given lineage, basic questions at different developmental stages can be addressed. Importantly, both adult and embryonic stem cells provide an excellent tool for cell therapy, making stem cell research ever more pertinent to regenerative medicine. As the title The Cell Biology of Stem Cells suggests, our book deals with multiple aspects of stem cell biology, ranging from their basic molecular characteristics to the in vivo stem cell trafficking of adult stem cells and the adult stem-cell niche, and ends with a visit to regeneration and cell fate reprogramming. In the first chapter, “Early embryonic cell fate decisions in the mouse”, Amy Ralson and Yojiro Yamanaka describe the mechanisms that support early developmental decisions in the mouse pre-implantation embryo and the current understanding of the source of the most immature stem cell types, which includes ES cells, trophoblast stem (TS) cells and extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cells.