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Author: California State Agricultural Society
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
Author: California State Agricultural Society
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
Author: California State Board of Agriculture
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 514
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Book Description
Author: California State Agricultural Society (Sacramento, Calif.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural exhibitions
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Author: California State Agricultural Society (Sacramento, Calif.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural exhibitions
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Author: California State Agricultural Society
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Author: William L. Preston
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 9780520040533
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Author: Benjamin T. Jenkins
Publisher: University Press of Kansas
ISBN: 0700634711
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
As Southern California recovered from the collapse of the cattle industry in the 1860s, the arrival of railroads—attacked by newspapers as the greedy “octopus”—and the expansion of citrus agriculture transformed the struggling region into a vast, idealized, and prosperous garden. New groves of the latest citrus varieties and new towns like Riverside quickly grew directly along the tracks of transcontinental railroads. The influx of capital, industrial technology, and workers, especially people of color, energized Southern California and tied it more closely to the economy and culture of the United States than ever before. Benjamin Jenkins’s Octopus’s Garden argues that citrus agriculture and railroads together shaped the economy, landscape, labor systems, and popular image of Southern California. Orange and lemon growing boomed in the 1870s and 1880s while railroads linked the region to markets across North America and ended centuries of geographic isolation for the West Coast. Railroads competed over the shipment of citrus fruits from multiple counties engulfed by the orange empire, resulting in an extensive rail network that generated lucrative returns for grove owners and railroad businessmen in Southern California from the 1890s to the 1950s. While investment from white Americans, particularly wealthy New Englanders, formed the financial backbone of the Octopus’s Garden, citrus and railroads would not have thrived in Southern California without the labor of people of color. Many workers of color took advantage of the commercial developments offered by railroads and citrus to economically advance their families and communities; however, these people also suffered greatly under the constant realities of bodily harm, low wages, and political and social exclusion. Promoters of the railroads and citrus cooperatives touted California as paradise for white Americans and minimized the roles of non-white laborers by stereotyping them in advertisements and publications. These practices fostered conceptions of California’s racial hierarchy by praising privileged whites and maligning the workers who made them prosper. The Octopus’s Garden continues to shape Southern Californians’ understanding of their past. In bringing together multiple storylines, Jenkins provides a complex and fresh perspective on the impact of citrus agriculturalists and railroad companies in Southern Californian history.
Author: Massachusetts Horticultural Society
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 1072
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Book Description
Author: Ian Tyrrell
Publisher: Univ of California Press
ISBN: 0520920856
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 518
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Book Description
One of the most critical environmental challenges facing both Californians and Australians in the 1860s involved the aftermath of the gold rushes. Settlers on both continents faced the disruptive impacts of mining, grazing, and agriculture; in response to these challenges, environmental reformers attempted to remake the natural environment into an idealized garden landscape. As this cutting-edge history shows, an important result of this nineteenth-century effort to "renovate" nature was a far-reaching exchange of ideas between the United States—especially in California—and Australia. Ian Tyrrell demonstrates how Californians and Australians shared plants, insects, personnel, technology, and dreams, creating a system of environmental exchange that transcended national and natural boundaries. True Gardens of the Gods traces a new nineteenth-century environmental sensibility that emerged from the collision of European expansion with these frontier environments. Tyrrell traces historical ideas and personalities, provides in-depth discussions of introduced plants species (such as the eucalyptus and Monterey Pine), looks at a number of scientific programs of the time, and measures the impact of race, class, and gender on environmental policy. The book represents a new trend toward studying American history from a transnational perspective, focusing especially on a comparison of American history with the history of similar settler societies. Through the use of original research and an innovative methodology, this book offers a new look at the history of environmentalism on a regional and global scale.
